Apricus Solar Water Heating System Installation and Operation ...
Apricus Solar Water Heating System Installation and Operation ... Apricus Solar Water Heating System Installation and Operation ...
3.12.2. Brazed Plate Heat ExchangersApricus Solar Collector Installation & Operation Manual - USAa) Advantages: Brazed plate heat exchangers (BPHE) are a compact and efficientheat transfer unit ideal for use in solar thermal systems. They are superior to coilheat exchangers because they allow the solar collector to run at a lower, moreefficient temperature, while transferring the same amount heat energy to the tank.b) Disadvantages: BPHE require an additional pump to facilitate circulation on thepotable (end-use) side of the plates. In areas with hard water, limescale can buildup restricting flow and requiring periodic flushing.c) Single vs Dual Wall: BPHE are available both in single wall and dual wallmodels. Dual wall models are required in some areas and generally need to havepositive leak detection, so fluid will leak out the sides if either of the plates rupture.When using a single wall heat exchanger the solar loop pressure should be lessthan the potable water pressure, according to local code.WARNINGSelecting the proper heat exchanger is important for the safety of the system. You mayonly use a single wall heat exchanger (internal or external) if the heat transfer fluid beingused is Generally Regarded As Safe. This information can be found in the Material DataSafety Sheet of the fluid.3.13. Wind Loadinga) Collector wind loading must be considered and the resulting stress on attachment points thoroughlyexamined. The attachment method may need the stamp of a professional engineer, depending on localregulation.b) The standard frame and frames kits are all designed to withstand wind speeds of up to 130 mph (208 km/h) without damage, which corresponds to the mid-range of Category 2 cyclones (US Saffir-Simpson scale).For higher wind speeds, reinforcement of the manifold and tube to frame attachment and frame to roofattachment is required and must be approved for use by Apricus, a licensed engineer and local authorities.c) Refer to Section 5 for specific roof attachment details for various frame options.d) Other mounting methods in high wind regions may require inspection and approval by a licensedengineer or the local building department. It is the responsibility of the installer to ensure that the framemounting is of suitable strength.e) In high wind regions, be advised of the following: Collectors installed on flat roofs with full front and rearexposure, can experience vertical pull forces up to 268.4 lbs (122 kg) in a 130 mph (208 km/h) wind on themiddle, rear round foot attachment point alone. The horizontal force pushing against the collector can reach396 lbs (180 kg) on the middle, front round foot. Both of these values are based on an install angle of 60°,with decreased uplift and horizontal force values at lower installation angles.The direction of load on the feet changes based on the angle. For example, at a 30° collector angle with arear wind, there is an uplift force on the middle, front foot of 49 lbs (22 kg). At a 45° collector angle, however,the same wind will actually create a downward force of 15 lbs (7 kg), because the collector is trying to tipforward. The table below provides peak vertical pull forces and horizontal (pushing) forces for an AP-30collector. These values represent both rear and frontal winds. The highest force of 396 lbs (180 kg) on themiddle, front foot at a 60° collector angle is actually from a frontal, and not rear, wind as it is trying to tip thecollector backward.Copyright 2011 – Apricus Inc Doc: A7-05.4.1.4-PB-1.9 Page 30 of 126
Apricus Solar Collector Installation & Operation Manual - USARound FootPeak Vertical Pull Loado o o@ 30 / 45 / 60 anglePeak Forward-Backward Loado o o@ 30 / 45 / 60 angleFront Middle 49 lbs / 18 lbs / 88 lbs 130 lbs / 220 lbs / 397 lbsFront Left/Right 34 lbs / 29lbs / 95lbs 70.5 lbs / 163 lbs / 220 lbsRear Middle 84 lbs / 187 lbs / 269 lbs 40 lbs / 68 lbs / 146 lbsRear Left/Right 71 lbs / 172 lbs / 251 lbs 38 lbs / 53 lbs / 128 lbsCombined Load 343 lbs / 607 lbs / 1076 lbs 278.5 lbs / 720 lbs / 1782 lbsf) Based on the figures provided in the table above, the weight of individual concrete blocks or the strength offixation points requirements can be determined. A safety factory of at least 1.2 should be used or asspecified by local authorities, whichever is higher. If using concreted blocks under the feet, connecting theblocks together, particularly front and rear, is advisable as it can help spread the load. This appliesparticularly to the middle legs which are exposed to the peak loads. Before ballasting the system withconcrete or other weights, be aware of the total weight live and dead load capacity of the roof structure anddetermine if the roof can safely handle this attachment method.! Wind related frame and collector damage is not eligible for warranty claims.WARNINGFailure to implement suitable collector mounting methods to withstand wind loading mayresult in damage to the solar collector, extreme damage to property and even death.3.14. Snow Loada) In areas prone to heavy snow falls, the solar collectors canbe installed at an angle of 50o or greater to promote snowsliding off the tubes. In addition, it is advisable to raise thefront of the collector frame 6-8” off the roof surface as thisallows the collector to sit above moderate snow falls and allowsnow to blow away from under the collector. A front trackextension (Part #: FR-FTRACK-EXT) can be used for thispurpose. See the picture to the right.b) Each tube is strong enough to withstand >110lb loading, butroof attachment points may need to be reinforced. Please referto local regulations regarding snow loading precautions.! Snow loading damage to the collector is not eligible for warranty claims.3.15. Storage Tanksa) Glass-lined storage tanks: NOTE: If no hot water is used for 2 weeks at a time or more and the waterheater is left in an operating condition, a quantity of highly flammable hydrogen gas may accumulate in thetop of the hot water tank. To dissipate this gas safely, it is recommend that a hot water tap be turned on forseveral minutes at a sink, basin or bath, but not a dishwasher, clothes washer or other appliance. Duringthis process, there must be no smoking or open flame or any other electrical appliance operating nearby. Ifhydrogen is discharged through the tap it will usually sound like air escaping. THIS STATEMENT ISINCLUDED AS A REQUIREMENT OF CERTAIN COUNTY/STATE REGULATIONS.b) Pressure and Temperature Relief Valve (T/P Valve): The storage tank’s pressure and temperaturerelief valve must be piped to an approved drainage location with consideration of the high temperaturewater that may be released. Neither, the t/p relief valve or port or the drain outlet should be sealed, blockedor used for other purposes.Copyright 2011 – Apricus Inc Doc: A7-05.4.1.4-PB-1.9 Page 31 of 126
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<strong>Apricus</strong> <strong>Solar</strong> Collector <strong>Installation</strong> & <strong>Operation</strong> Manual - USARound FootPeak Vertical Pull Loado o o@ 30 / 45 / 60 anglePeak Forward-Backward Loado o o@ 30 / 45 / 60 angleFront Middle 49 lbs / 18 lbs / 88 lbs 130 lbs / 220 lbs / 397 lbsFront Left/Right 34 lbs / 29lbs / 95lbs 70.5 lbs / 163 lbs / 220 lbsRear Middle 84 lbs / 187 lbs / 269 lbs 40 lbs / 68 lbs / 146 lbsRear Left/Right 71 lbs / 172 lbs / 251 lbs 38 lbs / 53 lbs / 128 lbsCombined Load 343 lbs / 607 lbs / 1076 lbs 278.5 lbs / 720 lbs / 1782 lbsf) Based on the figures provided in the table above, the weight of individual concrete blocks or the strength offixation points requirements can be determined. A safety factory of at least 1.2 should be used or asspecified by local authorities, whichever is higher. If using concreted blocks under the feet, connecting theblocks together, particularly front <strong>and</strong> rear, is advisable as it can help spread the load. This appliesparticularly to the middle legs which are exposed to the peak loads. Before ballasting the system withconcrete or other weights, be aware of the total weight live <strong>and</strong> dead load capacity of the roof structure <strong>and</strong>determine if the roof can safely h<strong>and</strong>le this attachment method.! Wind related frame <strong>and</strong> collector damage is not eligible for warranty claims.WARNINGFailure to implement suitable collector mounting methods to withst<strong>and</strong> wind loading mayresult in damage to the solar collector, extreme damage to property <strong>and</strong> even death.3.14. Snow Loada) In areas prone to heavy snow falls, the solar collectors canbe installed at an angle of 50o or greater to promote snowsliding off the tubes. In addition, it is advisable to raise thefront of the collector frame 6-8” off the roof surface as thisallows the collector to sit above moderate snow falls <strong>and</strong> allowsnow to blow away from under the collector. A front trackextension (Part #: FR-FTRACK-EXT) can be used for thispurpose. See the picture to the right.b) Each tube is strong enough to withst<strong>and</strong> >110lb loading, butroof attachment points may need to be reinforced. Please referto local regulations regarding snow loading precautions.! Snow loading damage to the collector is not eligible for warranty claims.3.15. Storage Tanksa) Glass-lined storage tanks: NOTE: If no hot water is used for 2 weeks at a time or more <strong>and</strong> the waterheater is left in an operating condition, a quantity of highly flammable hydrogen gas may accumulate in thetop of the hot water tank. To dissipate this gas safely, it is recommend that a hot water tap be turned on forseveral minutes at a sink, basin or bath, but not a dishwasher, clothes washer or other appliance. Duringthis process, there must be no smoking or open flame or any other electrical appliance operating nearby. Ifhydrogen is discharged through the tap it will usually sound like air escaping. THIS STATEMENT ISINCLUDED AS A REQUIREMENT OF CERTAIN COUNTY/STATE REGULATIONS.b) Pressure <strong>and</strong> Temperature Relief Valve (T/P Valve): The storage tank’s pressure <strong>and</strong> temperaturerelief valve must be piped to an approved drainage location with consideration of the high temperaturewater that may be released. Neither, the t/p relief valve or port or the drain outlet should be sealed, blockedor used for other purposes.Copyright 2011 – <strong>Apricus</strong> Inc Doc: A7-05.4.1.4-PB-1.9 Page 31 of 126
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