AUSTRALIAN POULTRY CRC - Poultry Hub

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of hygienic conditions and biosecurity, approval of more antibiotics and anthelmintics for use in layinghens, and a detailed investigation into the microbial population of the reproduction tract in free range,barn and cage laying hens with the possibility of developing probiotics.iv
Table of ContentsEXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ IIITABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................... VTABLES ............................................................................................................................................................. VIIFIGURES.......................................................................................................................................................... VIIIINTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 1INDUSTRY PROFILE .............................................................................................................................................. 1CAUSES OF MORTALITY ....................................................................................................................................... 1Feather pecking and/or cannibalism .............................................................................................................. 1Disease ........................................................................................................................................................... 2Infectious coryza ......................................................................................................................................................... 2Newcastle disease ....................................................................................................................................................... 2Infectious bronchitis .................................................................................................................................................... 2Avian influenza ........................................................................................................................................................... 3Marek‟s disease ........................................................................................................................................................... 3Egg drop syndrome ..................................................................................................................................................... 3Fowl cholera ............................................................................................................................................................... 3Salmonellosis .............................................................................................................................................................. 3Coccidiosis .................................................................................................................................................................. 3Worms......................................................................................................................................................................... 4Endoparasites - mites .................................................................................................................................................. 4Predators ........................................................................................................................................................ 4Management ................................................................................................................................................... 5Diet ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5Strain ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5Drinker type ................................................................................................................................................................ 5Rearing ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5Light Levels ................................................................................................................................................................ 5Flock size and Density ................................................................................................................................................ 6Vaccinations ................................................................................................................................................... 6Beak trimming ................................................................................................................................................ 6AIM ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................................ 7METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 7NATIONWIDE SURVEY .......................................................................................................................................... 7EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ................................................................................................................................. 8Serology.......................................................................................................................................................... 8Faecal samples ............................................................................................................................................. 10Necropsy ....................................................................................................................................................... 10RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................................. 11NATIONWIDE SURVEY ....................................................................................................................................... 11General ......................................................................................................................................................... 11Housing ........................................................................................................................................................ 11Hens ............................................................................................................................................................. 12Management ................................................................................................................................................. 12Discussion .................................................................................................................................................... 14EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ............................................................................................................................... 15Serology........................................................................................................................................................ 16Faecal Samples ............................................................................................................................................ 19Necropsy results ........................................................................................................................................... 21Discussion .................................................................................................................................................... 28GENERAL DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................. 29IMPLICATIONS ................................................................................................................................................. 30RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 30ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 30v
Page 1 and 2: AUSTRALIAN POULTRY CRCFINAL REPORTP
Page 3: Executive SummaryFree-range is the
Page 7 and 8: TablesTABLE 1: DISTRIBUTION OF NATI
Page 9 and 10: IntroductionIndustry ProfileFree-ra
Page 11 and 12: Avian influenzaIn domestic poultry,
Page 13 and 14: ManagementThis includes factors suc
Page 15 and 16: ObjectivesThe objective of this pro
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1: Appropriate restraint of
Page 19 and 20: ResultsNationwide SurveyGeneralFour
Page 21 and 22: Table 5: Measures taken in between
Page 23 and 24: The similar symptoms shown by both
Page 25 and 26: inactivated vaccination should be l
Page 27 and 28: Initial Final Initial Final Initial
Page 29 and 30: Start Finish Start Finish Start Fin
Page 31 and 32: Figure 7: Chronic peritonitis: peri
Page 33 and 34: Figure 13: Pecking around the vent
Page 35 and 36: Figure 19: Head injuries associated
Page 37 and 38: act as mechanical vectors of other
Page 39 and 40: Appendix AFree-range layer mortalit
Page 41 and 42: 4. MANAGEMENTa) Are birds beak trim
Page 43 and 44: Appendix BPublicity LetterThe Austr
Page 45 and 46: Appendix DPublicity flyer (P.I.X.)M
Page 47 and 48: Appendix FSurvey reminder letterDea
Page 49 and 50: 2. HOUSING OF SURVEY FLOCKa) Shed t
Page 51 and 52: Appendix HExample of mortality reco
Page 53 and 54: 3. Further recordsa. Sample collect
Page 55 and 56:
15 Found dead. Liver white foci and
Page 57 and 58:
Repro organs atrophied; intestinesm
Page 59 and 60:
ReferencesAllen, J. and Perry, G.C.
Page 61 and 62:
Sommer, F. and Vasicek, L. 2000. Ma
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