Homilies on the Gospel of St. John and the Epistle to the Hebrews

Homilies on the Gospel of St. John and the Epistle to the Hebrews Homilies on the Gospel of St. John and the Epistle to the Hebrews

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NPNF (V1-14)St. Chrysostom463[4.] ( c. xi. 1, 2 ) “Now faith is the substance 3187 of things hoped for, the evidence of thingsnot seen. For by it the elders obtained a good report.” O what an expression has he used, in saying,“an evidence of things not seen.” For [we say] there is “evidence,” in the case of things that arevery plain. 3188 Faith then is the seeing things not plain (he means), and brings what are not seen tothe same full assurance with what are seen. So then neither is it possible to disbelieve in thingswhich are seen, nor, on the other hand can there be faith unless a man be more fully assured withrespect to things invisible, than he is with respect to things that are most clearly seen. For since theobjects of hope seem to be unsubstantial, Faith gives them substantiality, 3189 or rather, does notgive it, but is itself their substance. 3190 For instance, the Resurrection has not come, nor does it existsubstantially, but hope makes it substantial in our soul. This is [the meaning of] “the substance ofthings.”If therefore it is an “evidence of things not seen,” why forsooth do you wish to see them, so asto fall away from faith, and from being just? 3191 Since “the just shall live by faith,” whereas ye, ifye wish to see these things, are no longer faithful. Ye have labored (he says), ye have struggled: Itoo allow this, nevertheless, wait; for this is Faith: do not seek the whole “here.”[5.] These things were indeed said to the Hebrews, but they are a general exhortation also tomany of those who are here assembled. How and in what way? To the faint-hearted; to themean-spirited. For when they see the wicked prospering, and themselves faring ill, they are troubled,they bear it impatiently: while they long for the chastisement, and the inflicting vengeance onothers; while they wait for the rewards of their own sufferings. “For yet a little time, and He thatshall come will come.”Let us then say this to the slothful: Doubtless there will be punishment; doubtless He will come,henceforth the events of the 3192 Resurrection are even at the doors.Whence [does] that [appear] (you say)? I do not say, from the prophets; for neither do I nowspeak to Christians only; but even if a heathen be here, I am perfectly confident, and bring forwardmy proofs, and will instruct him. How (you say)?Christ foretold many things. If those former things did not come to pass, then do not believethem; but if they all came to pass, why doubt concerning those that remain? And indeed, it werevery unreasonable, 3193 nothing having come to pass, to believe the one, or when all has come topass, to disbelieve the others.But I will make the matter more plain by an example. Christ said, that Jerusalem should betaken, and should be so taken as no city ever was before, and that it should never be raised up: andin fact this prediction came to pass. He said, that there should be “great tribulation” ( Matt. xxiv.21 ), and it came to pass. He said that a grain of mustard seed is sown, so should the preaching [ofthe Gospel] be extended: and every day we see this running over the world. He said, that they wholeft father or mother, or brethren, or sisters, should have both fathers and mothers; And this we see3187“ substantiality. ”3188δήλων . Savile and Morell following some mss. read ἀ δήλων , “ obscure ” : but St. Chrys. means that we use the wordἔ λεγχος of a proof which makes things most certain and evident [and so Mutianus read.—F.G.].3189ὑ πόστασιν3190οὑσία3191or, “ righteous. ”3192τὰ τῆς ἀ3193ἀ πίθανον670

NPNF (V1-14)St. Chrysostom464fulfilled by facts. He said, “in the world ye shall have tribulation, but be of good cheer, I haveovercome the world” ( John xvi. 33 ), that is, no man shall get the better of you. And this we seeby the events has come to pass. He said that “the gates of hell shall not prevail against the Church”( Matt. xvi. 18 ), even though persecuted, and that no one shall quench the preaching [of theGospel]: and the experience of events bears witness to this prediction also: and yet when He saidthese things, it was very hard to believe Him. Why? Because all these were words, and He had notas yet given proof of the things spoken. So that they have now become far more credible. He saidthat “when the Gospel should have been preached among all the nations, then the end shall come”( Matt. xxiv. 14 ); lo! now ye have arrived at the end: for the greater part of the world hath beenpreached to, therefore the end is now at hand. Let us tremble, beloved.[6.] But what, tell me? Art thou anxious about the end? It indeed is itself near, but each man’slife and death is nearer. 3194 For it is said, “the days of our years are seventy years; but if [one be]in strength, fourscore years.” ( Ps. xc. 10 ; [LXX. lxxxix. 10].) The day of judgment is near. Letus fear. “A brother doth not redeem; shall man redeem?” ( Ps. xlix. 7 ; [LXX. xlviii. 8].) Therewe shall repent much, “but in death no man shall praise Him.” ( Ps. vi. 5 ; [LXX. 6].) Whereforehe saith, “Let us come before His presence with thanksgiving” ( Ps. xcv. 2 ; [LXX. Ps. xciv.]),that is, his coming. For here [in this life] indeed, whatever we do has efficacy; but there, no longer.Tell me, if a man placed us for a little while in a flaming furnace, should we not submit to anythingin order to escape, even were it necessary to part with our money, nay to undergo slavery? Howmany have fallen into grievous diseases, and would gladly give up all, to be delivered from them,if the choice were offered them? If in this world then, a disease of short duration so afflicts us, whatshall we do yonder, when repentance will be of no avail?[7.] Of how many evils are we now full, without being conscious of them? We bite one another,we devour one another, in wronging, accusing, calumniating, being vexed by the credit of ourneighbors. (Cf. Gal. v. 15 .)And see the difficulty. 3195 When a man wishes to undermine the reputation of a neighbor, hesays, ‘Such an one said this of him; O God, forgive me, do not examine me strictly, I must giveaccount of what I have heard.’ 3196 Why then dost thou speak of it at all, if thou dost not believe it?Why dost thou speak of it? Why dost thou make it credible by much reporting? Why dost thou passon the story which is not true? Thou dost not believe it, and thou entreatest God not to call thee tostrict account? Do not say it then, but keep silence, and free thyself from all fear.But I know not from whence this disease has fallen upon men. We have become tattlers, nothingremains 3197 in our mind. Hear the exhortation of a wise man who says, “Hast thou heard a word?Let it die in 3198 thee, be bold; it will not burst thee.” ( Ecclus. xix. 10 .) And again, “A fool hearetha word, and travaileth, as a women in labor of a child.” ( Ecclus. xix. 11 .) We are ready to makeaccusations, prepared for condemning. Even if no other evil thing had been done by us, this weresufficient to ruin us, and to carry us away to Hell, this involves us in ten thousand evils. And that3194ἡ δὲ ἑκάστου ζωὴ ἐγγυτέρα πολλῷ καὶ ἡ τελευτή . But Mut. “sed et vitæ finis uniuscujuscunque prope est.”3195τὸ χαλεπόν3196Or might it be read, ἀ κοῆς λόγον ὀφείλω ; “ am I responsible for what I hear, for common reports? ”3197ἐ ναπομένει3198ἐ ναποθανέτω671

NPNF (V1-14)<strong>St</strong>. Chrysos<strong>to</strong>m464fulfilled by facts. He said, “in <strong>the</strong> world ye shall have tribulati<strong>on</strong>, but be <strong>of</strong> good cheer, I haveovercome <strong>the</strong> world” ( <strong>John</strong> xvi. 33 ), that is, no man shall get <strong>the</strong> better <strong>of</strong> you. And this we seeby <strong>the</strong> events has come <strong>to</strong> pass. He said that “<strong>the</strong> gates <strong>of</strong> hell shall not prevail against <strong>the</strong> Church”( Matt. xvi. 18 ), even though persecuted, <strong>and</strong> that no <strong>on</strong>e shall quench <strong>the</strong> preaching [<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><strong>Gospel</strong>]: <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> experience <strong>of</strong> events bears witness <strong>to</strong> this predicti<strong>on</strong> also: <strong>and</strong> yet when He said<strong>the</strong>se things, it was very hard <strong>to</strong> believe Him. Why? Because all <strong>the</strong>se were words, <strong>and</strong> He had notas yet given pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> things spoken. So that <strong>the</strong>y have now become far more credible. He saidthat “when <strong>the</strong> <strong>Gospel</strong> should have been preached am<strong>on</strong>g all <strong>the</strong> nati<strong>on</strong>s, <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> end shall come”( Matt. xxiv. 14 ); lo! now ye have arrived at <strong>the</strong> end: for <strong>the</strong> greater part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world hath beenpreached <strong>to</strong>, <strong>the</strong>refore <strong>the</strong> end is now at h<strong>and</strong>. Let us tremble, beloved.[6.] But what, tell me? Art thou anxious about <strong>the</strong> end? It indeed is itself near, but each man’slife <strong>and</strong> death is nearer. 3194 For it is said, “<strong>the</strong> days <strong>of</strong> our years are seventy years; but if [<strong>on</strong>e be]in strength, fourscore years.” ( Ps. xc. 10 ; [LXX. lxxxix. 10].) The day <strong>of</strong> judgment is near. Letus fear. “A bro<strong>the</strong>r doth not redeem; shall man redeem?” ( Ps. xlix. 7 ; [LXX. xlviii. 8].) Therewe shall repent much, “but in death no man shall praise Him.” ( Ps. vi. 5 ; [LXX. 6].) Whereforehe saith, “Let us come before His presence with thanksgiving” ( Ps. xcv. 2 ; [LXX. Ps. xciv.]),that is, his coming. For here [in this life] indeed, whatever we do has efficacy; but <strong>the</strong>re, no l<strong>on</strong>ger.Tell me, if a man placed us for a little while in a flaming furnace, should we not submit <strong>to</strong> anythingin order <strong>to</strong> escape, even were it necessary <strong>to</strong> part with our m<strong>on</strong>ey, nay <strong>to</strong> undergo slavery? Howmany have fallen in<strong>to</strong> grievous diseases, <strong>and</strong> would gladly give up all, <strong>to</strong> be delivered from <strong>the</strong>m,if <strong>the</strong> choice were <strong>of</strong>fered <strong>the</strong>m? If in this world <strong>the</strong>n, a disease <strong>of</strong> short durati<strong>on</strong> so afflicts us, whatshall we do y<strong>on</strong>der, when repentance will be <strong>of</strong> no avail?[7.] Of how many evils are we now full, without being c<strong>on</strong>scious <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m? We bite <strong>on</strong>e ano<strong>the</strong>r,we devour <strong>on</strong>e ano<strong>the</strong>r, in wr<strong>on</strong>ging, accusing, calumniating, being vexed by <strong>the</strong> credit <strong>of</strong> ourneighbors. (Cf. Gal. v. 15 .)And see <strong>the</strong> difficulty. 3195 When a man wishes <strong>to</strong> undermine <strong>the</strong> reputati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> a neighbor, hesays, ‘Such an <strong>on</strong>e said this <strong>of</strong> him; O God, forgive me, do not examine me strictly, I must giveaccount <strong>of</strong> what I have heard.’ 3196 Why <strong>the</strong>n dost thou speak <strong>of</strong> it at all, if thou dost not believe it?Why dost thou speak <strong>of</strong> it? Why dost thou make it credible by much reporting? Why dost thou pass<strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> s<strong>to</strong>ry which is not true? Thou dost not believe it, <strong>and</strong> thou entreatest God not <strong>to</strong> call <strong>the</strong>e <strong>to</strong>strict account? Do not say it <strong>the</strong>n, but keep silence, <strong>and</strong> free thyself from all fear.But I know not from whence this disease has fallen up<strong>on</strong> men. We have become tattlers, nothingremains 3197 in our mind. Hear <strong>the</strong> exhortati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> a wise man who says, “Hast thou heard a word?Let it die in 3198 <strong>the</strong>e, be bold; it will not burst <strong>the</strong>e.” ( Ecclus. xix. 10 .) And again, “A fool hearetha word, <strong>and</strong> travaileth, as a women in labor <strong>of</strong> a child.” ( Ecclus. xix. 11 .) We are ready <strong>to</strong> makeaccusati<strong>on</strong>s, prepared for c<strong>on</strong>demning. Even if no o<strong>the</strong>r evil thing had been d<strong>on</strong>e by us, this weresufficient <strong>to</strong> ruin us, <strong>and</strong> <strong>to</strong> carry us away <strong>to</strong> Hell, this involves us in ten thous<strong>and</strong> evils. And that3194ἡ δὲ ἑκάστου ζωὴ ἐγγυτέρα πολλῷ καὶ ἡ τελευτή . But Mut. “sed et vitæ finis uniuscujuscunque prope est.”3195τὸ χαλεπόν3196Or might it be read, ἀ κοῆς λόγον ὀφείλω ; “ am I resp<strong>on</strong>sible for what I hear, for comm<strong>on</strong> reports? ”3197ἐ ναπομένει3198ἐ ναποθανέτω671

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