Homilies on the Gospel of St. John and the Epistle to the Hebrews

NPNF (V1-14)St. Chrysostom90[1.] Great mysteries are they, of which the Only-begotten Son of God has counted us worthy;great, and such as we were not worthy of, but such as it was meet for Him to give. For if one reckonour desert, we were not only unworthy of the gift, but also liable to punishment and vengeance;but He, because He looked not to this, not only delivered us from punishment, but freely gave usa life much more bright 679 than the first, introduced us into another world, made us another creature;“If any man be in Christ,” saith Paul, “he is a new creature.” ( 2 Cor. v. 17 .) What kind of “newcreature”? Hear Christ Himself declare; “Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannotenter into the Kingdom of God.” Paradise was entrusted to us, and we were shown unworthy todwell even there, yet He hath exalted us to heaven. In the first things we were found unfaithful,and He hath committed to us greater; we could not refrain from a single tree, and He hath providedfor us the delights 680 above; we kept not our place in Paradise, and He hath opened to us the doorsof heaven. Well said Paul, “O the depth of the riches, both of the wisdom and knowledge of God!”( Rom. xi. 33 .) There is no longer a mother, or pangs, or sleep, or coming together, and embracingsof bodies; henceforth all the fabric 681 of our nature is framed above, of the Holy Ghost and water.The water is employed, being made the Birth to him who is born; what the womb is to the embryo,the water is to the believer; for in the water he is fashioned and formed. At first it was said, “Letthe waters bring forth the creeping things that have life” ( Gen. i. 20 , LXX.); but from the timethat the Lord entered the streams of Jordan, the water no longer gives forth the “creeping thing thathath life,” but reasonable and Spirit-bearing souls; and what has been said of the sun, that he is “asa bridegroom coming out of his chamber” ( Ps. xviii. 6 ), we may now rather say of the faithful,for they send forth rays far brighter than he. That which is fashioned in the womb requires time,not so that in water, but all is done in a single moment. Here our life is perishable, and takes itsorigin from the decay of other bodies; that which is to be born comes slowly, (for such is the natureof bodies, they acquire perfection by time,) but it is not so with spiritual things. And why? Becausethe things made are formed perfect from the beginning.When Nicodemus still hearing these things was troubled, see how Christ partly opens to himthe secret of this mystery, and makes that clear which was for a while obscure to him. “That whichis born,” saith He, “of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.” He leads himaway from all the things of sense, and suffers him not vainly to pry into the mysteries revealed withhis fleshly eyes; “We speak not,” saith He, “of flesh, but of Spirit, O Nicodemus,” (by this wordHe directs him heavenward for a while,) “seek then nothing relating to things of sense; never canthe Spirit appear to those eyes, think not that the Spirit bringeth forth the flesh.” “How then,”perhaps one may ask, “was the Flesh of the Lord brought forth?” Not of the Spirit only, but of flesh;as Paul de clares, when he says, “Made of a woman, made under the Law” ( Gal. iv. 4 ); for theSpirit fashioned Him not indeed out of nothing, (for what need was there then of a womb?) butfrom the flesh of a Virgin. How, I cannot explain unto you; yet it was done, that no one mightsuppose that what was born is alien to our nature. For if even when this has taken place there aresome who disbelieve in such a birth, into what impiety would they not have fallen had He notpartaken of the Virgin’s flesh.679 al. “precious.”680τρυφὴν .681κατασκευὴ .139