Integration of Tactical EW Elements

Integration of Tactical EW ElementsPeter Clarke, Capability Manager for EW Analysis & IntegrationA presentation to AOC Symposium29 Oct 2002© Copyright 2002 QinetiQ

Contents• Overview of Tactical EW– Scope (inc. doctrine)– Military Roles– Required Outputs• Issues & Challenges– Target & EW Asset Types– Required EW Capabilities– Advantages of Coherent Command & Analysis– Challenges• QinetiQ’s Approach– Integration Achievements– Trials• ConclusionsSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ3

Overview of Tactical EW

Scope• The issues presented in this talk are relevant to tacticalES, EA (including tactical SIGINT) as follows:– ES - Electronic Surveillance• Detection, Location, Classification, Interception & Analysis of Emitters &Emissions• aiming to extract intelligence of interest to tactical commanders– EA - Electronic Attack• jamming & deception of adversary receivers• to disrupt enemy C2 & other comms• and to provide Area/Surgical Denial of enemy ISTAR• (i.e. not the platform protection role of EW)Spectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ5

Scope (2)• Concepts presented are relevant to:– Land, Sea & Air domains/deployments• EW Capability is represented by 4 principle disciplines:– Communications ES– Non-Communications ES– Communications EA– Non-Communications EASpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ6

Military Roles for EWEW should provide/support the following:• Support to Indirect/Direct Fire Offensives• Support to IPB & TGP preparation• Support to other friendly ISTAR assets• Provision of intelligence for Info Ops planning• Provision of ECM for Info Operations (i.e. ECM in support of the contact battle)• Provision of threat warnings to friendly forces and/or platforms• Provision of protection to friendly forces and/or platforms• Provision of a jamming screen• Support to COMSEC & INFOSEC• Support to OPSEC• Support to deception• Support to counter surveillance (inc. SEAD)• Support to SIGINT (collection of parameters for databases/RWRs)• Support to deployment into area• Support to targeting process• Support to BDA• Support to BSM (Battlespace Spectrum Management)• Support to Evidence CollectionSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ7

Required EW Products:Tactical Intelligence– Emitter locations (Blue, Red & White)– Networks & Command Structures (EOB)– Adversary intentions– Adversary Network susceptibility (NodalAnalysis)– Reporting on J2 IntelligenceRequirements (Indicators, Threats &Targets)– EMS Usage (for J6)– Threat Warnings– COMSEC– Adversary CapabilitiesStrategic IntelligenceEA– Hi-fidelity recordings (of signalinternals & externals)– EOB Library updates– Parametric Library Updates– SEI ‘fingerprints’– Reporting on Strategic IRs– deception/spoofing/simulation– recce jamming– surgical/area denial– jamming screenSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ8

Issues & Challenges

EW Target Diversity• Radios (Comms)– HF to Microwave– Fixed Frequency, Frequency Hopping, SpreadSpectrum etc.– CNR– Trunk– Personal Mobile Comms• Radars (non-Comms)– CW, Frequency agile, LPI, etc.– BSR– SAR– MTI– AD, TA, FC, etc.Spectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ(Pictures Courtesy of Janes)10

EW Asset Diversity• Each target type presents its own challenge in terms of:– waveform (including modulation)– parameters (Frequency, PW, PRI etc.)– parameter agilities– mode changes– etc.• The requirement to detect/jam a variety of target types canlead to a variety of sensor and jammer types (in a range ofform factors)– e.g. multiple Comms ES sensors– in manpack, soft-skin vehicle, armoured vehicle, airborne... versions• Hence, any integrated EW system must be designed toaccommodate the command, control and analysis of avariety of sensor and jammer types (plus any future types)Spectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ11

Integrated EW Functionality Required:EW Analysis & Integration CapabilitiesEW Asset(sensor orJammer)ControlMessagesSensor StatusMessagesSensor ControlModulesSensor DataStore ModulesCommand andPlanning ToolsAnalysis ToolsInternal andExternalInterfacingModulesSensor DataMessagesSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ12

Required EW Analysis & Integrationfunctions:• An EW Analysis & Integration System needs to support thefollowing functionality:– Planning tools (ES & EA)– System/User Administration– Mission/Tasking/Reporting Management (Command)– External Interfaces & Interoperability– EW Asset Control (ES & EA)– Data Processing, Analysis & Exploitation– Internal User Comms & Data dissemination– Internal & Boundary SecuritySpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ13

Functionality Requirements for EW Analysis& Integration SystemsCommand, Planning,Integration, Intelligence Analysis,DisseminationAssetControlTechnicalAnalysisAssetControlTechnicalAnalysisInternal& externalcommsEW CommsSensor/JammerEW Non-CommsSensor/JammerSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ14

Potential Advantages of Coherent C2 &Analysis:• Enhanced Cueing & Control of EA• Coherent tasking between C & NC ES to raise Probability ofIntercept (POI)• Cueing between ES systems• EA assets can used in an ES role when jamming is suspended• Coherent analysis between C & NC ES can lead to more efficientintelligence production and associations are more readilyspotted.• SEI/extra measured features can be used for fusion/association• Cueing of precision assets can be optimisedSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ15

Issues & Challenges• Geographic dispersion vs co-location of functionality• Multiple analysts/commanders/operators• Choice of automation levels• Comms data links• Security• Data fusion / association (track management & ID control)• etcSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ16

QinetiQ’s Approach toIntegration

Military Driver• UK Tactical EW Doctrine identifies the requirement for‘Integrated EW Systems’– Internal Integration of Tactical EW Elements:• Comms ES, Non-Comms ES, Comms EA & Non-Comms EA assets• Central C2 & Analysis– External Integration of EW Systems into the Military Environment:• Interoperability• Digitisation & Networkcentric• Other nations have identified similar requirements for‘integration’Spectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ18

Military Context for EW Analysis & IntegrationSystemsUsers &CommandsC2 +ReportingOther ISTAREW/SIGINTA&I SystemOther EW/SIGINTSystemsCues +CollateralEW/SIGINTAssetsIntegration +InteroperabilityOther EW/SIGINTAssetsSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ19

Systems Engineering Approach taken byQinetiQ EW Group• EW Military Roles & required Capabilities• Functional Architecture• Internal Processes (Planning, C2, Analysis & Reporting)• Concepts for Control of ES & EA• Concepts for Support Comms– Modes of Operation (graceful degradation & recovery)• Geolocation Approaches (Comms & Non-Comms)• Analysis Methods & Products• EW Analysis & Integration IT System Design &DevelopmentSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ20

QinetiQ’s Integration SuiteEW IntegrationResearch TestbedANALYST TMSHARK TMSWORDFISH TMPUMACELTFOESOther ManufacturesSensors/DataAdvancedComms ESTDMA SensorComms EANon-Comms ESNon-Comms EAe.g. Agilent BlackbirdProphet Air PrototypesDOLPHIN TMPRECISIONCHANNELModulationclassifierTechnicalMeasurement &SEISpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ21

IntegrationSUBMARINESCELTDRUIDMYSTICTYPE 45ANALYSTAPPLICATIONPROPHET II/IIIDTSP - HUNTERODETTEBLACKBIRDCREGGANSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ22

Potential Integration Architecture for a Baseline of4 Comms EW AssetsConnectedElectronic WarfareSensorsPositionFixingalgorithms.Proxy &ComunicationsInterfaceONE copyof data foreachsensorProxy &ComunicationsInterfaceONE copyof data foreachsensorProxy &ComunicationsInterfaceONE copyof data foreachsensorProxy &ComunicationsInterfaceAnalysisAlgorithmsEthernetEthernetConnected Analyst WorkstationsSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ23

History – Fully Integrated EW Demonstration• Demonstration - Sept 2000, UKEWCC• Integrated EW SystemIntegration HQ– EWCC Terminal– Integration HQCregganSharkC ESOdetteSharkC ESPumaSharkC ES + C EAFOESNCES + NCEAINCANC ESManportable NCNCES + NCEA– 6 Remote Detachments (connected by RF links)– Analysis & Integration IT System– ‘Realistic’ Target Set (CNR nets; civil & military radars)• Demonstration Objectives– Responsive to EWCC tasking– Near Real Time generation of EGP (Comms & Non-comms overlaid onto a common GIS)– Appropriate C2 of ES & EA– Analysis of ES (e.g. EOB generation & TFA)– Modes of Operation (Graceful degradation & recovery)Spectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ25

Integrated EW DemonstrationIntegration HQ& EWCCNCESHF NetSHF NetworkEW Analysis & IntegrationNCEASpectrum Solutions CESCopyright © 2002 NCES QinetiQCEACES26

EW Integration Programme -Demonstration FlowEWCC TerminalEnter MissionDetailsESM ReportsJammingRequestECMPermissionECM Activity& EffectreportedIntegration HQ TerminalsESM TaskingGeneratedESM'Pictures'GeneratedECMPlanningECM TaskingGeneratedECM effectsanalysedESMCollectionEW OutstationsECM Performed &effects Monitoredby ESM BaselineSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ27

Integrated EW Demonstration - PF & EOBSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ28

Examples of QinetiQ’s Analysis &Integration Software

Real Time DisplayBearing AxisHandoff Receiver ControlsON Fixed FrequencyEmitterNetworkOFF Fixed FrequencySpectrum & Threshold DisplaySpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ30

Control & Analysis of Modulation Recognition(DOLPHIN)ResultsDisplay onANALYST IIAutomaticTasking ofDOLPHIN fromANALYST IISpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ31

Historical DisplayBearing orAmplitude orDwell orPhase orFrequency AxisTime AxisSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ32

TDMA Emitter TrackingPurple dots indicate whereemissions have beenassociated togetherDF data showingan emitter detectedby two sensorsSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ33

Filtering - OptionsSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ• Some Current Filter Options:– Signals Type– Emission Duration– Signal Modulation– Signal Name– Frequency Band– Fixed Frequency– Transmission time– Identifier, Allows advancedfiltering on for exampleREGIONS and on specificemission sets.– Bearing (Same function aszooming)– Priority Status– Networks ……...34

Real Filtering ExampleFiltered No Filters Used2nd C&CBearingAxisAmplitudeScaleEvery Dot\Line is a Transmission2x MobilesC&CRebroSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQTime Axis35

PF & EDL Analysis of a Dense ScenarioSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ36

Emerging Capability - Overview• QinetiQ has ongoing research & development in many aspects ofEW Analysis & Integration:– Internal Security Control– Security Boundary Control– Enhanced Visualisation & support to key Analysis Processes– Integration with Strategic ELINT feeds– Rapid Report preparation & dissemination (Web Pages, files)– Automatic Alarming– Integration with Spectrum Management (JRFL & ADEF2)– Advanced Datarate control techniques– Path Propagation & DTED Planning tools– Resource Management (Users, Tasks, Assets, Security)– Precision Geolocation control & analysis (TDOA, FDOA, etc.)– Synthetic Scenario Stimuli & Instrumentation (to allow benefit analysis)– Specific Emitter TrackingSpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ37

Conclusions

Key Lessons Learned• Integrated System Design is possible!!• Some Benefits confirmed e.g.– Targeted tasking of modulation recognition from main comms ES sensors– High POI Comms ES used to cue Non-Comms ES (to obtain unitfunctionality etc.)– Near-real time Position Fixing from Comms ES ideal for surgical cueing ofComms EA• Flexibility is the key - for functionality, automation, size &data links• further work / emerging capabilitySpectrum SolutionsCopyright © 2002 QinetiQ39

Questions?Peter Clarke, CEngCapability Manager - EW Analysis & IntegrationQinetiQ ltd. Malvern, UKtel: +44 (0)1684 895836pnclarke@qinetiq.com