SKULL - bones rigidly connected by sutures to protect brain, attach ...
SKULL - bones rigidly connected by sutures to protect brain, attach ...
SKULL - bones rigidly connected by sutures to protect brain, attach ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
<strong>SKULL</strong> - <strong>bones</strong> <strong>rigidly</strong> <strong>connected</strong> <strong>by</strong><strong>sutures</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>protect</strong> <strong>brain</strong>, <strong>attach</strong> move eyesSuturesLook likeCracksInBoneOUTLINEI. CALVARIUMII. SCALPIII. CRANIALNERVESIV. LANDMARKS/BONES OF <strong>SKULL</strong>V. CRANIALCAVITYForamina inSkull sessions
USEFUL WEBSITE ON <strong>SKULL</strong> ANATOMYhttp://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skull/skulltt.htm
<strong>SKULL</strong> - <strong>bones</strong> <strong>rigidly</strong> <strong>connected</strong> <strong>by</strong><strong>sutures</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>protect</strong> <strong>brain</strong>, <strong>attach</strong> move eyesI. CALVARIUM= <strong>SKULL</strong> CAP-Consists of<strong>bones</strong> linked<strong>by</strong> <strong>sutures</strong>FRONTAL(1)
PARIETAL (2)BONES OF CALVARIUMFRONTAL(1)SPHENOID (1)OCCIPITAL (1)NOSETEMPORAL (2)
B. SUTURES1. CORONALSUTURE2. SAGITTALSUTURE3. LAMBDOIDALSUTURENOSEC. LANDMARKS1. BREGMA - MIDPOINT OF CORONALSUTURE2. LAMBDA - MIDPOINT OFLAMBDOIDALSUTURE
CORONAL SUTURELANDMARKSNOSE3. PTERION- JUNCTION OFTEMPORALSPHENOIDPARIETAL &FRONTAL BONES
D. FONTANELLES – MEMBRANES LINKBONES AT BIRTH- FONTANELLES PERMITCRANIALCOMPRESSION ATBIRTH - CRANIALGROWTH1. ANTERIORFONTANELLEAT BREGMA3. LATERALFONTANELLEAT PTERION2. POSTERIORFONTANELLE -AT LAMBDA
E. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF CALVARIUMOUTERINNERMIDDLE1. INNER & OUTER TABLES - HARDCORTICAL BONEMIDDLE LAYER - SOFT SPONGY BONECALLED DIPLOE (DOUBLE IN GREEK)
2. DIPLOIC VEINSCOURSE INDIPLOE -CONNECT BOTHTO CRANIALCAVITY &SURFACE OF<strong>SKULL</strong>- CAN TRANSMIT INFECTION FROM SCALP TOBRAIN VIA EMISSARY VEINS
F. BLOOD SUPPLY TO CALVARIUM1) OUTER SURFACE –ARTERIES TO SCALP2) INNER SURFACE-MENINGEAL ARTERIESCOURSE NEXT TOBONE;MISNAMED - SOUNDLIKE SUPPLYMENINGES- MOSTBLOOD TO BONES
II. SCALPA. LAYERSSCAL1. SKIN – HAIR, SWEAT ANDSEBACEOUS GLANDS2. CONNECTIVE TISSUE –SURROUND ARTERIES3. EPICRANIAL APONEUROSIS –TENDINOUS SHEET, ATTACHES TOSCALP MUSCLES; MOVEABLEANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR;LATERAL ATTACHES TOTEMPORALIS FASCIA4. LOOSE AREOLAR TISSUE-LOOSELY CONNECTSAPONEUROSIS & PERIOSTEUMCROSSED BY EMISSARY VIENS5. PERIOSTEUM (PERICRANIUM) CTLAYER ON OUTER SIDE OFCALVARIUMSCALPING SOMEONE 1)REMOVE SCALP BETWEEN 3 AND 4;2)SAVE AS SOUVENIRP
B. NERVES OF SCALP- BRANCHES OFTRIGEMINAL (V) & CERVICAL SPINAL NERVESV1- SUPRAORBITAL N.SUPRATROCHLEAR N.NOSEV2 – ZYGOMATICO-TEMPORAL N.V3 – AURICULO-TEMPORAL N.LESSER OCCIPITALN. - C2 VENTRALRAMUSGREATER OCCIPIAL N. -C2 DORSAL RAMUS
C. ARTERIES OF SCALP- RICH SUPPLY FROM BRANCHES OF INTERNAL & EXTERNALCAROTID; EXTENSIVE ANASTOMOSES - SCALP WOUNDBLEEDS PROFUSELY FROM BOTH SIDES OF CUT1. br. of OPHTHALMIC:SUPRAORBITAL A.,SUPRATROCHLEAR A2. br. of EXTERNAL CAROTID:SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL A.,POSTERIOR AURICULAR A.,OCCIPITAL A.
D. VEINS OF SCALP – SAME NAMES AS ARTERIESALSO EMISSARYVEINS drain <strong>to</strong>DIPLOIC VEINS INDIPLOE
LEARNNAMES,NUMBERS
II. LANDMARKS AND BONES1. FRONT OF <strong>SKULL</strong>FRONTAL BONE (1)NASAL BONES (2)ORBITEYESOCKETNASALAPERTUREZYGOMATIC BONE (2)-FORMS CHEEKMAXILLARY BONE (2)-ALVEOLAR PROCESSFOR UPPER TEETHMANDIBLE(1)-ALVEOLARPROCESS FOR LOWERTEETH
1. FRONT OF <strong>SKULL</strong>INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN - INMAXILLARY BONEMENTAL FORAMEN- INMANDIBLE BELOW SECONDPREMOLAR TOOTH
2. LATERAL VIEW OF <strong>SKULL</strong>ZYGOMATIC ARCH-1)ZYGOMATIC BONE2)MAXILLARY BONE-ZYGOMATIC PROCESS3)TEMPORAL BONE-ZYGOMATIC PROCESSTEMPORAL BONE - PARTS1)MASTOID PROCESS - hard2)SQUAMOUS PART- flat3)TYMPANIC PART - ANT. TOEXTERNAL AUDITORYMEATUS4)PETROUS PART – inside skullTEMPORO-MANDIBULAR JOINT-FROM RAMUS OF MANDIBLE
3. POSTERIOR VIEW OF <strong>SKULL</strong>OCCIPITAL BONEEXTERNAL OCCIPITALPROTUBERANCESUPERIOR ANDINFERIORNUCHAL LINES
4. BASE OF <strong>SKULL</strong> - COMPLEXC)HARD PALATE-PALATINE BONES &PALATINE PROCESS OFMAXILLARY BONESSTYLOIDPROCESSOCCIPITALCONDYLEFORAMENMAGNUMA) TEMPORAL BONE-HAS STYLOIDPROCESS- MUSCLEATTACHB) OCCIPITAL BONE-HAS FORAMENMAGNUM- SPINALCORD; OCCIPITALCONDYLES- FOR C1-ATLAS
1. SPHENOID BONE – ‘CORE’ OF <strong>SKULL</strong>2)SPINE OFSPHENOID -INFERIOR SIDEATTACH LIGAMENTLATERAL &MEDIALPTERYGOIDPLATES -MUSCLEATTACH
SPHENOID BONE-INSIDE <strong>SKULL</strong>forms parts of allcranial fossae; has:LESSER WINGOF SPHENOIDGREATER WINGSELLA TURCICAi) Lesser Wing abovesuperior orbitalfissure;ii) Greater Wingbelowsuperiororbital fissureextends laterally;iii) Sella Turcica-(turkish saddle)depression abovemain part (body)
GREATERWING OFSPHENOID-LATERALSIDE OF<strong>SKULL</strong>
V. CRANIAL CAVITY- DIVIDED INTODEPRESSIONS (FOSSAE)ANTERIOR CRANIALFOSSA (ROOF OFNASAL CAVITY, ORBIT)MIDDLE CRANIALFOSSA (ORBIT, NASALCAVITY, FACE)POSTERIOR CRANIALFOSSA (FACE, ORALCAVITY, NECK)
ANTERIOR CRAN. FOSSA -FORMED:FRONTAL, ETHMOID, SPHENOID;CONTAINS: CNI (CRIBRIFORMPLATE), FRONTAL LOBES,OLFACTORY BULBMIDDLE CRAN. FOSSA -FORMED:SPHENOID, TEMPORAL, PARIETAL ;CONTAINS: CNII-VI -TEMPORALLOBES -PITUITARY & BRAIN STEMPOSTERIOR CRAN FOSSA -FORMED: SPHENOID, TEMPORAL,OCCIPITAL, PARIETAL;CONTAINS - CNVII-XII -CEREBELLUM, BRAINSTEM -FORAMEN MAGNUM TRANSMITSSPINAL CORD, VERTEBRALARTERIES
Skin Face- Both SidesStay as Superficial as possibleAroundEyesAroundLipsTo Lower Edge MandibleNot Neck
Peel MusclesFrom Skull OnBack Of NeckExpose JointOccip-C1Before you Leave – Make IncisionAround Head, Above Ears
Change language