Writ of summons - Van Diepen Van der Kroef

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This definition was repeated in UN resolution 824 (1993). In anticipation of the futurecourse of this writ of summons Plaintiff states here already that – given the fall of theSrebrenica Safe Area and the 8,000 to 10,000 murdered persons – the liability of the UNis a given in the light of the undertaking of Morillon described above on behalf of theUN and the UN resolutions that here follow. The UN is in that connection guilty of anattributable failing or at least of acting unlawfully towards Plaintiff. The way in whichthe UN voted for the protection of the civilians and the maintenance of the Safe Areaswill be examined below. What is first and foremost postulated is that the UN itself votedfor the means and the manner of performance of its undertakings. Whatever excuses maybe inherent in the choice of the means and performance, these lie exclusively within thesphere of influence of the UN (and the State of the Netherlands, that later becamedirectly involved by the dispatch of the Dutch battalion, termed Dutchbat) and notwithin the sphere of influence of the civilians who were entitled to rely on the promisesof safety. Plaintiff will further examine below the text of the resolutions and thecommentary thereto of the then Secretary-General of the UN.Text of the UN resolutions and Commentary of the Secretary-General22. In his statement of 9 May 1994 on the above UN resolutions the then Secretary-General(Boutros Boutros-Ghali) described the Safe Areas (on the base of UN resolutions 819and 824) as follows:‘No. 2…The Safe Areas were envisaged to be areas free from armed attacks and from anyother hostile acts that would endanger the well-being and the safety of their inhabitantsand where the unimpeded delivery of humanitarian assistance to the civilian populationwould be ensured.’23. The mandate relating to the Safe Areas and the assistance to the civilian population wasextended by UN resolution 836 (1993). The most important passages in that resolutionare:‘The Security Council (…)© Van Diepen Van der Kroef Advocaten 2007www.vandiepen.com18
No. 4:Decides to ensure full respect for the Safe Areas referred to in resolution 824 (1993);No. 5:Decides to extend to that end the mandate of UNPROFOR in order to enable it, in theSafe Areas referred to in resolution 824 (1993), to deter attacks against the Safe Areas,to monitor the cease-fire, to promote the withdrawal of military or paramilitary unitsother than those of the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and tooccupy some key points on the ground, in addition to participating in the delivery ofhumanitarian relief to the population as provided for in resolution 776 (1991) of 14September 1992;No. 9:Authorizes UNPROFOR, in addition to the mandate defined in resolutions 770 (1992)of 13.8.1992 and 776 (1992), in carrying out the mandate defined in paragraph 5above, acting in self-defense, to take the necessary measures, including the use of force,in reply to bombardments against the Safe Areas by any of the parties or to armedincursion into them or in the event of any deliberate obstruction in or around thoseareas to the freedom of movement of UNPROFOR or of protected humanitarianconvoys;No. 10:Decides that, notwithstanding paragraph 1 of resolution 816 (1993), Member States,acting nationally or through regional organizations or arrangements, may take, underthe authority of the Security Council and subject to close coordination with theSecretary-General and UNPROFOR, all necessary measures, through the use of airpower, in and around the Safe Areas in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, tosupport UNPROFOR in the performance of its mandate set out in paragraph 5 and 9above;’© Van Diepen Van der Kroef Advocaten 2007www.vandiepen.com19
Page 1 and 2: WRIT OF SUMMONSDISTRICT COURT, THE
Page 3 and 4: IN ORDER:on Wednesday, thetwo thous
Page 5 and 6: - every request by the inhabitants
Page 7 and 8: 8. The fate of the civilian populat
Page 9 and 10: IV Tender of evidence 446I Facts5.
Page 11 and 12: NIOD. This Report is referred to as
Page 13 and 14: 12. The Yugoslav People’s Army (o
Page 15 and 16: ‘Prior to departing, he addressed
Page 17: - UN resolution 816 (31 March 1993)
Page 21 and 22: …Should UNPROFOR’s presence pro
Page 23 and 24: 30. To reiterate here, the question
Page 25 and 26: UN and the State of the Netherlands
Page 27 and 28: Brigade. In addition, the State of
Page 29 and 30: 43. The choice in favour of deploym
Page 31 and 32: The government parties replied to t
Page 33 and 34: population during the training as
Page 35 and 36: Potocari/Srebrenica. This chain of
Page 37 and 38: 63. As appears from the above, and
Page 39 and 40: eference to the failure to act of D
Page 41 and 42: ‘I have been directed, today 29 M
Page 43 and 44: leaders (Milosevic, Karadzic and Ml
Page 45 and 46: observation post was not carried ou
Page 47 and 48: attack on the Safe Area on 6 July 1
Page 49 and 50: single shot being fired and OP-F wa
Page 51 and 52: immediate and robust reaction Nicol
Page 53 and 54: know what Dutchbat itself would do
Page 55 and 56: that the enclave was continuously e
Page 57 and 58: ‘You are to use all means at your
Page 59 and 60: Commander therefore gave the order
Page 61 and 62: he proposed to have Karremens arres
Page 63 and 64: Brantz, to establish that there was
Page 65 and 66: officers and the State of the Nethe
Page 67 and 68: had any purpose to go ahead with th
Page 69 and 70:
Voorhoeve (see also number 307 of t
Page 71 and 72:
y VRS soldiers in Dutch uniform and
Page 73 and 74:
population: medical matters (Dutchb
Page 75 and 76:
OP-N161. The capture of OP-N is des
Page 77 and 78:
Brantz (Tuzla)↕Karremans, Franken
Page 79 and 80:
‘The first line of resistance to
Page 81 and 82:
180. Plaintiff Mujić states (see E
Page 83 and 84:
The flight to the UN compound189. D
Page 85 and 86:
193. It is incomprehensible that Du
Page 87 and 88:
soldiers let that be known when the
Page 89 and 90:
Other points concerned forced evict
Page 91 and 92:
‘On 12 and 13 July 1995, upon the
Page 93 and 94:
statements put in the proceedings a
Page 95 and 96:
lying on a wagon. The Dutchbat sold
Page 97 and 98:
228. Only one Dutchbat officer was
Page 99 and 100:
‘UNMO source about 1,000 men take
Page 101 and 102:
night-time. I did not dare to leave
Page 103 and 104:
239. Plaintiff Hotič states (see E
Page 105 and 106:
People had no food or water, nor we
Page 107 and 108:
During all of this the Dutch soldie
Page 109 and 110:
group and they were raped. I was ve
Page 111 and 112:
four or five Dutchbat soldiers were
Page 113 and 114:
shocked by what he had evidently se
Page 115 and 116:
follows:‘An alternative position
Page 117 and 118:
‘We were deported to Tuzla later
Page 119 and 120:
I arrived at the barrier shortly th
Page 121 and 122:
encountered objections from the Dut
Page 123 and 124:
277. Plaintiff Hasanović was born
Page 125 and 126:
Subašić282. Plaintiff Subašić w
Page 127 and 128:
IILegal characterisationIntroductio
Page 129 and 130:
the United Nations, Advisory opinio
Page 131 and 132:
302. The UN and the State of the Ne
Page 133 and 134:
acting arise, respectively). In add
Page 135 and 136:
of the Safe Area and was not immedi
Page 137 and 138:
weapons of the VRS, or at least to
Page 139 and 140:
consequence that the VRS could depl
Page 141 and 142:
326. Instead of taking action from
Page 143 and 144:
‘(…) I had spent days lying on
Page 145 and 146:
23 July 1995 (see H. Praamsma, J. P
Page 147 and 148:
(a) (…) encouraging the progressi
Page 149 and 150:
‘Article 3 - General Principles1.
Page 151 and 152:
control of UNPROFOR from the moment
Page 153 and 154:
‘The presumption can be rebutted
Page 155 and 156:
ecame entwined. In his view, it was
Page 157 and 158:
Conventions obliges the Contracting
Page 159 and 160:
Article 8 of the ILC Articles for I
Page 161 and 162:
- secondly, it was evident that the
Page 163 and 164:
international customary humanitaria
Page 165 and 166:
civilians, deportation and murder.
Page 167 and 168:
‘(…) confirm that Article I doe
Page 169 and 170:
also be assessed by legal criteria,
Page 171 and 172:
‘(14) UNPROFOR had participated a
Page 173 and 174:
under customary law. A duty on stat
Page 175 and 176:
and the State of the Netherlands ac
Page 177 and 178:
for International Organisations com
Page 179 and 180:
‘(c) Provide those who claim to b
Page 181 and 182:
the State of the Netherlands must p
Page 183 and 184:
of the Netherlands. The UN and the
Page 185 and 186:
‘militairement avait mal conduit.
Page 187 and 188:
UN but also to the purposes that ar
Page 189 and 190:
possible immunity on the part of th
Page 191 and 192:
‘The United Nations shall make pr
Page 193 and 194:
‘In spite of this provision of th
Page 195:
THEREFORE:If it pleases the Court t
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Writ of summons - Van Diepen Van der Kroef

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