Table 3<str<strong>on</strong>g>Effect</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>storage</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>time</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> ActHCO 3 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> StdHCO 3 <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> bovine venous <strong>blood</strong> samples stored at +4 °C (Group I), 22 °C (Group II) <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 37 °C (Group III) (n ¼ 5) (mean SE)Parameter Group Time (h)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 24 36 48 P1ActHCO 3 I 31.38 0.35 29.04 0.27 28.00 0.30 27.62 0.40 28.12 0.34 27.88 0.33 28.42 0.43 26.90 0.31 28.74 0.31 28.56 0.54 30.20 0.29 p < 0:001(mmol/l)aB,c B,cde B,de B,cd C,cde B,cd eB,cd B,cd A,bII 31.38 0.35 30.32 0.37A30.38 0.30A29.94 0.49A30.00 0.35A30.00 0.20A30.88 0.63A29.44 0.40 31.20 0.52A30.24 0.29A30.55 0.35Bp > 0:056III 31.38 0.35a28.94 0.26B,c28.88 0.32B,c28.48 0.39B,d29.02 0.37AB,c29.00 0.35B,c31.44 0.48A,a28.08 0.39e29.80 0.36B,b27.57 0.15B,e26.85 0.85B,eP2 p < 0:05 p < 0:001 p < 0:01 p < 0:01 p < 0:01 p < 0:01 p < 0:001 p < 0:01 p < 0:01StdHCO 3(mmol/l)I 29.24 0.29aII 29.24 0.29aIII 29.24 0.29a26.42 0.97cd28.28 0.27b27.46 0.31b26.40 0.26B,cd28.15 0.15A,b26.68 0.28B,c26.32 0.27B,cd27.80 0.40A,c26.18 0.28B,c26.88 0.20A,bc27.54 0.26A,c26.08 0.31B,c26.40 0.22B,cd27.46 0.15A,c26.36 0.44B,c26.80 0.36bcd27.88 0.52c26.58 0.27c25.58 0.20A,d27.74 0.38A,c23.24 0.28B,d27.00 0.24A,bc27.36 0.51A,c22.60 0.20B,e27.30 0.20A,bc25.70 0.38B,d21.67 0.23C,f27.78 0.29A,b25.55 0.75A,d21.05 0.75B,fP2 p < 0:01 p < 0:01 p < 0:01 p < 0:05 p < 0:001 p < 0:001 p < 0:001 p < 0:001P1, significant differences within group compared to baseline value (a,b,c,d,e,f), (p < 0:05, p < 0:01, p < 0:001); P2, in each column different letters (A, B, C) indicated significant between groups(p < 0:05, p < 0:01, p < 0:001); ActHCO 3 , actual bicarb<strong>on</strong>ate c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong>s (mmol/l); StdHCO 3 , st<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>ard bicarb<strong>on</strong>ate c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong>s (mmol/l).Table 4<str<strong>on</strong>g>Effect</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>storage</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>time</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> BEact <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> BEstd <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> bovine venous <strong>blood</strong> samples stored at +4 °C (Group I), 22 °C (Group II) <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 37 °C (Group III) (n ¼ 5) (mean SE)Parameter Group Time (h)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 24 36 48 P1BEact I 7.04 0.39 4.74 0.32 3.58 0.35 3.2 00.42 3.64 0.36 3.32 0.35 3.86 0.49 2.24 0.31 4.06 0.31 3.76 0.57 5.24 0.34 p < 0:001(mmol/l)aB,bc B,cd B,de B,cd B,de cd A,eA,cd A,cd A,bII 7.04 0.39a5.90 0.36A,b5.83 0.22A,b5.30 0.52A,c5.14 0.35A,c5.04 0.23A,c5.70 0.70b4.16 0.45A,d5.34 0.61A,c3.58 0.46A,d3.65 0.75A,dp < 0:001III 7.04 0.39a4.44 0.22B,c4.14 0.31B,c3.46 0.43B,c3.68 0.36B,c3.30 0.33B,c4.94 0.44b0.88 0.39B,e1.64 0.39B,d)0.13 0.32B,f)0.85 0.85B,fp < 0:001p < 0:001n.sp < 0:001p < 0:001124 G. Gokce et al. / Research in Veterinary Science 76 (2004) 121–127P2 p < 0:05 p < 0:01 p < 0:05 p < 0:05 p < 0:01 p < 0:001 p < 0:001 p < 0:01 p < 0:001BEstd(mmol/l)I 6.12 0.34aII 6.12 0.34aIII 6.12 0.34a4.16 0.26B,bc5.10 0.31A,b3.86 0.16B,b3.24 0.25B,bcd4.95 0.14A,b3.42 0.30B,c2.84 0.34B,de4.50 0.45A,c2.78 0.36B,d3.16 0.31B,cd4.44 0.38A,c2.78 0.33B,d2.90 0.32B,de4.18 0.18A,c2.40 0.27B,d3.32 0.43bcd4.58 0.59c3.42 0.34c1.98 0.29B,e3.28 0.4A,d)0.30 0.30C,e3.46 0.27A,bcd4.00 0.56A,c)0.02 0.30B,e3.14 0.50A,cd2.14 0.44A,d)1.58 0.35B,f4.28 0.32A,b2.05 0.85B,d)1.95 0.85C,fp < 0:001p < 0:001p < 0:001P2 p < 0:05 p < 0:01 p < 0:05 p < 0:05 p < 0:01 p < 0:001 p < 0:001 p < 0:001 p < 0:001P1, significant differences within group compared to baseline value (a,b,c,d,e,f), (p < 0:001); P2, in each column different letters (A, B, C) indicated significant between groups (p < 0:01, p < 0:05,p < 0:001); BEact, extracelluler base excess (mmol/l); BEstd, <strong>blood</strong> base excess (mmol/l).
G. Gokce et al. / Research in Veterinary Science 76 (2004) 121–127 125Blood <strong>acid</strong>–base <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>blood</strong> <strong>gas</strong> values are summarisedin Tables 1–4 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Fig. 1. The pH values <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the sampleskept at different <str<strong>on</strong>g>temperature</str<strong>on</strong>g>s tended to decrease significantlywith <str<strong>on</strong>g>time</str<strong>on</strong>g> in all groups (p < 0:001) (Fig. 1).Compared to initial values, pH values were found todecrease significantly after 5, 3 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 2 h (p < 0:001) for thesamples stored at +4, 22 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 37 °C, respectively.Alterati<strong>on</strong>s in pCO 2 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> pO 2 values are summarisedin Table 1. The mean pCO 2 values <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the samples storedat +4 °C decreased significantly between 1 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 24 h, butlater increased again to their initial levels. Moreover, thepCO 2 values <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the samples kept at 22 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 37 °C increasedsignificantly (p < 0:001) after the fourth hour<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> c<strong>on</strong>tinued to increase until the end <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the study(Table 1). The maximum mean alterati<strong>on</strong> in pCO 2 valuefor Group I was )0.72 kPa during the assessment, whilefor groups II <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> III maximum alterati<strong>on</strong>s for pCO 2were detected as +2.68 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> +4.16 kPa, respectively. ThepO 2 values <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the samples kept at +4 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 22 °C increasedwith <str<strong>on</strong>g>time</str<strong>on</strong>g> (p < 0:001). However, a significantdecrease was recorded after 24 h for the samples kept at37 °C(p < 0:001). Values <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> O 2 SAT in group I increased(p < 0:05) after 24 h <str<strong>on</strong>g>storage</str<strong>on</strong>g>, <strong>on</strong> the other h<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> it wassignificantly decreased in group III after 5 h (p < 0:001)<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> there were no changes in group II (p > 0:333) (Table2). The O 2 CT values were significantly increased(p < 0:05) after 24 h <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>storage</str<strong>on</strong>g> at +4 °C, but significantlydecreased after 4 h <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>storage</str<strong>on</strong>g> at 37 °C(p < 0:001)(Table 2). However, no significant alterati<strong>on</strong>s were observedin the O 2 CT values <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the samples stored at22 °C. BE <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> HCO 3 c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong>s decreased significantlyfor all three groups during the study compared totheir baseline values. The most prominent decrease inBE <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> HCO 3 c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong>s was recorded for thesamples kept at 37 °C (Tables 3 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 4).4. Discussi<strong>on</strong>The effects <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>storage</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>time</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>temperature</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>blood</strong><strong>gas</strong>es <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>acid</strong>–base values in humans (Mah<strong>on</strong>ey et al.,1991; Liss <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Payne, 1993; Beaulieu et al., 1999; Lenfant<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Aucutt, 1965) <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> in cattle (Poulsen <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>Surynek, 1977; Szenci <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Besser, 1990; Szenci et al.,1991) have been investigated intensively. Previousstudies have revealed that the <strong>blood</strong> <strong>gas</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>acid</strong>–basevalues <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> human <strong>blood</strong> samples usually stabilised between15 min <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 2 h (Paerregaard et al., 1987; Mah<strong>on</strong>eyet al., 1991; Beaulieu et al., 1999). The effect <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><str<strong>on</strong>g>storage</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>temperature</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>storage</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>time</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>blood</strong> <strong>gas</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g><strong>acid</strong>–base values in cattle are disputed (Poulsen <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>Surynek, 1977; Szenci <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Besser, 1990; Szenci et al.,1991). Szenci <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Besser (1990) reported that cattle venous<strong>blood</strong> <strong>acid</strong>–base values could be used for diagnosticpurposes up to 24 h. On the other h<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>, the pHvalues <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>blood</strong> samples taken from cattle <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> stored at+4 °C stabilised after for 5–6 h (Poulsen <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Surynek,1977). In the present study, the pH values <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the <strong>blood</strong>samples stored at +4 °C were found to be suitable forclinical usage up to 48 h (Fig. 1). Furthermore, <str<strong>on</strong>g>storage</str<strong>on</strong>g><str<strong>on</strong>g>time</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>temperature</str<strong>on</strong>g> were found to significantly alterthe <strong>blood</strong> pH <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> bicarb<strong>on</strong>ate values <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> all groups.7,45pH7,47,357,37,257,27,15aaaaababababcbcGroup IGroup IIGroup IIIA,abA,bcB,cd**A,abcB,cdC,de***A,bcB,cdeC,e***A,bcB,deC,f***A,bcdB,eC,g***A,bcdB,fC,hA.cdB,gC,hA,dB,gC,h*********7,1*********7,050 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 24 36 48Fig. 1. <str<strong>on</strong>g>Effect</str<strong>on</strong>g>s <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>storage</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>time</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> the pH <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> bovine venous <strong>blood</strong> samples stored at +4 °C (Group I), 22 °C (Group II) <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 37 °C (group III) (n ¼ 5)(mean SE). a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h: significant differences within group compared to baseline (0 h), ***(p < 0:001). A,B,C: significant differences betweengroup **(p < 0:01), ***(p < 0:001).
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