Enmore Park Plan of Management - Land

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Appendix A is an excerpt from AS/NZS 1158 showing the recommendcategory of lighting for different combinations of usage, risk of crime andprestige.Appendix B indicates the recommended lighting parameters for eachCategory.We believe that the primary routes should be lit to Category P2 and thesecondary paths to P3.Lighting EquipmentLight FittingsTo achieve the glare and efficiency requirements the lights should be a fullcut-off fitting. This is a fitting with a flat horizontal glass that emits no light inor above the horizontal plane. There are many fittings on the market thathave this performance. Appendix C includes a typical selection.As the vertical illuminance becomes the critical design criteria, the higher thepole the wider the spacing that can be achieved. Pole heights between 4.5and 6 metres are the norm, however a 6 metre pole may prove too high inclose proximity to tree canopies.Light SourceThere are four light sources that should be considered:• Fluorescent• Metal Halide• Cosmopolis• LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes)Each has their relative advantages and disadvantages.The energy performance of a light source is expressed as the efficacy, thelight emitted (lumens) divided by the power (Watts) consumed.Lighting, Art + ScienceTable 1 gives a comparative performance for each lamp.Light SourceEfficacyIncludingcontrol gearColourRenderingAverage LifehoursCompact62 >80 10,000FluorescentMetal Halide 87 >85 10,000LEDs 25 to 70 60 to 90 Up to 50,000Cosmopolis 103 66 20,000Fluorescent LampsMany fluorescent lamps are temperature sensitive and their light outputreduces significantly in low ambient temperatures. In addition the efficiencyof a reflector system and light fitting is affected by the relative size of lightsource with respect to the reflector. The larger the source, the less efficientthe luminaire and the less the optical control. Fluorescent lamps represent alarge source.Enmore Park Lighting Review. Page 6 of 11 19 August 2009L116Y01
Metal Halide LampsMetal Halide is a very efficient light and due to its size gives excellent opticalcontrol and efficiency.LED ( Light Emitting Diodes)LED lights are being offered as a high efficacy, low maintenance option. LEDtechnology is advancing at a very fast rate. There are a few reasons why webelieve that it is too early to use them as an external general light source.It should be noted that an LED is not a lamp but an electronic component. Ifis not manufactured like a lamp and has different characteristics to those wecommonly associate with lamps.LEDs are very temperature sensitive. Elevation of the junction temperaturewithin the LED reduces the efficacy of the LED and the life. The efficacy ofthe LEDs are normally quoted at a cold junction temperature. In practice theperformance is considerably lower. An LED that is quoted at 80 lumens perWatt may only achieve 50 lumens per Watt or less when enclosed in a lightfitting. In comparison a metal halide lamp is approximately 95 lumens perWatt.LEDs are mass produced and then sorted according to colour, efficacy andother characteristics. This is called ’binning’. To achieve good colourconsistency then the bins need to be sub divided. This is called fine binning.Once an LED is installed on a circuit board its bin information is generallylost. If an Its fails prematurely it is virtually impossible to get an lip from thesame bin. In addition due to the light output depreciation of the existing LEDswith age and the advancements in the new LEDs, the replacement LED willbe much brighter than the other LEDs.LED light fittings generally improve their efficiency by designing a very sharpcut-off at the edge of the distribution. As a result there is very little light off theedge of the path. Although this formally complies with the recommendationsof AS/NZS 1158 I believe that when the standard was. Written there was anassumed spill of the light distribution onto the area adjacent to the park.People feel more comfortable where there is some light in the surroundingarea.Lighting, Art + ScienceThere is a wide variety of quality and performance in LEDs depending onwhere they are manufactured, the technology level of the manufacturer andthe binning policy.The cost of an LED light for equivalent lumens is generally around 4 to 5times the equivalent metal halide fitting.CosmopolisCosmopolis is a hybrid lamp that has been developed by Philips as acompromise between the colour performance of metal halide lamps and theefficiency and life of a high pressure sodium lamp. It is principally designedfor minor roads and is not available in a small enough lumen package toefficiently light paths without excessively high poles.Although the colour performance is better than high pressure sodium it stillfalls short of metal halide and is probably not adequate for a comfortablenight time environment. The lamp has only one supplier.Enmore Park Lighting Review. Page 7 of 11 19 August 2009L116Y01
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ENMORE PARK - PLAN OF MANAGEMENTLis
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Figure 1Study AreaApril 20100 20 40
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Part APLAN OF MANAGEMENT13 Marrickv
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Part CBACKGROUND55 Marrickville Cou
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Conservation Management StrategyEnm
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TREE MANAGEMENTCONSULTING ARBORICUL
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Enmore Park Plan of Management - Land

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