SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH

Dermatophytoses In domestic animals and their zoonotic potential65Persian cats are well known to exhibit chronic dermatophyteinfections.Clinical presentation in a dogAs the infection is almost always follicular themost consistent clinical sign in a dog is one or manycircular patches of alopecia with variable scaling.Lesions occur most commonly on the face, pinnae,paws, and tail. Pruritus is usually minimal orabsent. Dogs most often exhibit the classic ring lesionwith central healing and fine follicular papulesand crusts at the periphery. However, less commonsyndromes with occasionally marked pruritus arefrequent enough that dermatophytosis should beconsidered in the differential diagnosis of any annular,papular, or pustular eruption (2).Based on the history and clinical signs one makethe list of differential diagnoses that in classicalcases include bacterial folliculitis and demodicosis.In less commonly described clinical presentationsthe differential diagnoses should be as follows:- symmetric nasal or facial folliculitis and furunculosis(diff. pemphigus complex)- generalized infection with seborrhea-like eruptions(diff. seborrheic diseases)- dermatophyte kerion (diff. histiocytoma)- onychomycosis (diff. bacterial nail infection,autoimmune disease)- dermatophytic pseudomycetoma (diff. mycetomascaused by other fungi)Clinical presentation in a catFeline dermatophytosis most often appears asone or more irregular or annular areas of alopeciawith or without scales. Hairs in these areas often appearbroken and frayed. The alopecia may be severeand widespread, accompanied by little evidence ofinflammation.Cats occasionally have more inflammatory areasof folliculitis characterized by alopecia, erythema,scale, crust, and follicular papules.Other clinical presentations are:- miliary dermatitis (pruritic, papulocrustousdermatitis, diff. flea allergy dermatitis)- chin folliculitis (diff. feline acne)- dermatitis of the dorsal tail (diff. »stud tail«)- onychomycosis (diff. bacterial nail infection,autoimmune disease)- generalized infection with seborrhea-like eruptions(diff. seborrheic diseases)- exfoliative erythroderma (diff. endocrine disorders)- eroded lesions due to self-grooming (diff. eosinophilicplaque)- dermatophyte kerion (diff. neoplasm)- otitis externa (diff. other causes of otitis)- dermatophytic pseudomycetoma (diff. mycetomascaused by other fungi, neoplasm) Lastfeature was described only in Persian cats (19,20).The nature of the dermatophyte cannot be determinedfrom the clinical presentation. Moreover, catsmay often be asymptomatic carriers of the disease(8, 21): among show cats, cats from shelters andthose that are often taken to the veterinarians, 6.5to 100% has been found to be asymptomatic carriers(6). Half of the infected cats can be without clinicalsigns of the disease (11). In opposite, asymptomaticcarriers among dogs are rarely found (22) and mayrepresent 5% of infected dogs (23). Lately, 2.16 percent of asymptomatic T. mentagrophytes carrierswere found among 169 clinically healthy cats in thesoutheast of England. Asymptomatic animal carriersshould be considered when treating humanswith trichophytosis (24).Clinical presentation in a horseNot all horses in contact got infected (more oftenyoung and immunosupressed animals). Majority ofcases occur from autumn to spring. Skin changesmay vary in their appearance but are prevalent onthe head, neck and extremities. Alopecic spots of differentsize, with or without erythema and squamesare typical. Rarely pruritus or pain may be present.When dealing with alopecic changes in a horsewe need to consider differential diagnoses as follows:- demodicosis (Demodex Cabali, Demodex equi)- dermatophylosis (Dermatophylus Congolensis)- bacterial folliculitis (Staphylococcus aureus, hyicus,intermedius)- hypersensitivities (5).Diagnosis of dermatophytosisAs already pointed out, one cannot establish finaldiagnosis merely on the base of the clinical featuresof the disease. In cats symptoms may often be absentand one gets the cat presented for examinationbecause infection in humans has been confirmed.According to some data, infection of at least 1