SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH

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The use of animals in biomedical research615. Zurlo J, Rudacille D, Goldberg AM. Animals andalternatives in testing: history, science, and ethics. NewYork: Mary Ann Liebert, 1994: 86 str.6. United States. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment.Alternatives to animal use in research, testing,and education. Washington DC: US Government PrintingOffice, 1986: 441 str.7. Lehner B, Crombie C, Tischler J, et al. Systematicmapping of genetic interactions in Caenorhabditis elegansidentifies common modifiers of diverse signalingpathways. Nat Genet 2006; 38(8): 896-903.8. Wallace J. Humane endpoints in cancer research.ILAR J 2000; 41(2): 87-93.9. Breivik J. The evolutionary origin of genetic instabilityin cancer development. Semin Cancer Biol 2005; 15(1):51-60.10. Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. Cancer genes and thepathways they control. Nat Med 2004; 10(8): 789-99.11. Jin P, Zhao Y, Ngalame Y, et al. Selection and validationof endogenous reference genes using a high throughputapproach. BMC Genomics 2004; 5(1): 55.12. Hammond M. Antiqua medicina. 1997 http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/library/historical/artifacts/antiqua/galen.cfm.13. LaFollette H, Shanks N. Animal experimentation:the legacy of Claude Bernard. Int Stud Philos Sci 1994;8(3): 195-210.14. Alston TA. Nitrous or nitric? Same difference. Molecularformulas in the 1840s. J Clin Anesth 2007; 19(2):159-61.15. Zhao JJ, Roberts TM, Hahn WC. Functional geneticsand experimental models of human cancer. TrendsMol Med 2004; 10(7): 344-50.16. Talmadge JE, Singh RK, Fidler IJ, et al. Murinemodels to evaluate novel and conventional therapeuticstrategies for cancer. Am J Pathol 2007; 170(3): 793-804.17. Obrink KJ, Rehbinder C. Animal definition: a necessityfor the validity of animal experiments? Lab Anim2000; 34(2): 121-30.18. Rehbinder C, Alenius S, Bures J, et al. FELASA recommendationsfor the health monitoring of experimentalunits of calves, sheep and goats. Report of the federationof European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FE-LASA) Working Group on Animal Health. Lab Anim 2000;34(4): 329-50.19. Cespedes MV, Casanova I, Parreno M, et al. Mousemodels in oncogenesis and cancer therapy. Clin TranslOncol 2006; 8(5): 318-29.20. Freudenreich CH. Chromosome fragility: molecularmechanisms and cellular consequences. Front Biosci2007; 12: 4911-24.21. Hafen E. Cancer, type 2 diabetes, and ageing: newsfrom flies and worms. Swiss Med Wkly 2004; 134(49/50):711-9.22. Bosma GC, Custer RP, Bosma MJ. A severe combinedimmunodeficiency mutation in the mouse. Nature1983; 301(5900): 527-30.23. Greiner DL, Hesselton RA, Shultz LD. SCID mousemodels of human stem cell engraftment. Stem Cells 1998;16(3): 166-77.24. Ohnishi Y, Nakamura H, Yoshimura M, et al. Prolongedsurvival of mice with human gastric cancer treatedwith an anti-c-ErbB-2 monoclonal antibody. Br J Cancer1995; 71(5): 969-73.25. Schein PS, Scheffler B. Barriers to efficient developmentof cancer therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12(11 Pt 1): 3243-8.26. De Greeve P, De Leeuw W, Zutphen van BFM.Trends in animal use and animal alternatives. Altern LabAnim 2004; 32(Suppl 1): 13-9.27. Shapiro KJ. Animal model research: the applesand oranges quandary. Altern Lab Anim 2004; 32(Suppl1): 504-9.28. Mukerjee M. Trends in animal research. Sci Am1997; 276(2): 86-93.29. Regan T. The case for animal rights. Berkeley: Universityof California Press, 1983: 425 str.30. Singer P. Practical ethics. Cambridge; New York:Cambridge University Press, 1979: 237 str.31. Russow LM, Donnelley S, Dresser R, et al. Bioethics,animal research, and ethical theory. ILAR J 1999;40(1): 15-21.32. Zutphen van BFM. The European science foundation:three Rs policy and education. Altern Lab Anim2004; 32(Suppl 1): 533-7.33. Francione GL. The use of nonhuman animals inbiomedical research: necessity and justification. J LawMed Ethics 2007; 35(2): 241-8.34. Perel P, Roberts I, Sena E, et al. Comparison oftreatment effects between animal experiments and clinicaltrials: systematic review. BMJ 2007; 334(7586): 197.35. Perry P. The ethics of animal research: a UK perspective.ILAR J 2007; 48(1): 42-6.
62P. HudlerUPORABA LABORATORIJSKIH ŽIVALI V BIOMEDICINSKIH RAZISKAVAHP. HudlerPovzetek: Poskusne živali se že dolgo uporabljajo v temeljnih in aplikativnih znanstvenih raziskavah, predvsem pripreučevanju anatomije, delovanja organov in celic, za izogibanju boleznim, njihovemu preprečevanju in zdravljenju, pripreučevanju obnašanja, pri razvoju, izdelavi, preizkušanju kakovosti, učinkovitosti in varnosti zdravil, živil in drugih snovi aliizdelkov ter tudi pri izobraževanju in usposabljanju študentov in delovnega osebja. Le z laboratorijskimi živalmi lahko dobimoodgovore na vprašanja, na katera drugače ne bi mogli odgovoriti, saj so poskusi na ljudeh nehumani in neetični. Kljub temuda raziskovalci poskušajo razviti ne-živalske modele, nekatere zapletene večgenske bolezni in testiranje zdravil zahtevajouporabo živih modelov in analize zapletenih odzivov na preučevane dražljaje pri in vivo sistemih. Na splošno velja, da sposkusi na laboratorijskih živalih torej dobimo le približne odgovore na zastavljene raziskovalne probleme, vendar jih vseenolahko uporabimo za predvidevanje in določanje odzivov pri človeku.Ključne besede: etika, medicinska; živali, laboratorijski –poskusi; raziskave; bolezen, živalski modeli
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