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Observational visits in night venuesIn the second part of the study, 238 hours of observations were undertaken in bars and nightclubs, where the operation of premises and their physical and social features (those thatinfluence drinking of alcoholic beverages and other risk behaviours, and those that do not)were assessed. In Ljubljana, observation visits were undertaken in 15 selected youthfocusednight venues in or near the city centre.The proportion of observations that recorded the presence of door staff or security guardswas lower in Ljubljana (only 63.3%) than in other cities. The results were better regarding thedisplay of house rules near the entrance of clubs and bars in Ljubljana, reaching 41.7%(Figure 2.9).Figure 2.9: The proportion of observational visits recording selected features at entrance to the venue10098.39088.38075.9% of observational visits706050403063.346.731.641.73920108.30door staff managing entry to the venuehouse rules on displayLiverpool Palma Utrecht LjubljanaSource: Hughes et al. 2012Physical environmentThe physical environment within venues was assessed using rating scales (from 0 to 9) tomeasure noise levels, crowding, ventilation, temperature, levels of lighting and factorsregarding cleanliness. Higher values represented more ‘problematic’ levels. According toassessment results, bars and other night venues in Ljubljana proved to be less problematicthan venues in other cities (Figure 2.10).