Nation-Building and Contested Identities: Romanian & Hungarian ...

Can Democracy Work in Southeastern Europe?the means of the dissonance created by a modern type of behavior and introduceshis concept of “inverted sequences,” arguing that cognitive dissonancepermits a replacement of the “orderly” sequence (attitude change precedesbehavioral change) by a “disorderly” one (modern attitudes are acquired asa consequence of modern behavior). See Albert O. Hirschman, A Bias forHope: Essays on Development and Latin America (Yale: Yale University Press,1971), pp. 322-324.49 See, for instance, Vladimir Pasti, The Challenges of Transition: Romania inTransition (Boulder: East European Monographs, 1997), p. 199.50 See Béla Greskovits, The Political Economy of Protest and Patience: East Europeanand Latin American Transformations Compared (Budapest: Central EuropeanUniversity Press, 1998), p. 181.51 See Vladimir Tismãneanu, “Romanian Exceptionalism? Democracy, Ethnocracy,and Uncertain Pluralism in Post-Ceauºescu Romania,” in Karen Dawishaand Bruce Parrott, eds., Politics, Power, and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 443.52 Tismãneanu, “Romanian exceptionalism?” p. 404.53 On Romania’s economy during the 1999-2000 period, see Daniel Dãianu,Încotro se îndreaptã þãrile postcomuniste? Curente economice în pragul secolului(Where are the post-communist countries heading for? Economic currents atthe turn of the century) (Iaºi: Polirom, 2000), pp. 218-219.54 Fabrizio Coricelli, Macroeconomic Policies and the Development of Markets inTransition Economies (Budapest: Central European University Press, 1998), p. 3.55 See Lavinia Betea, Alexandru Bîrlãdeanu despre Dej, Ceauºescu ºi Iliescu(Alexandru Bîrlãdeanu on Dej, Ceauºescu and Iliescu) (Bucharest: EvenimentulRomânesc, 1998), pp. 196-197.56 Dãianu, Încotro se îndreaptã þãrile postcomuniste? pp.160-161.57 Andreas C. Tsantis and Roy Pepper, eds., Romania: The Industrialization of anAgrarian Economy Under Socialist Planning (Washington D. C.: The WorldBank, 1979). See also Maria Mureºan, Evoluþii economice, 1945-1990 (Economicevolutions, 1945-1990) (Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedicã, 1995).58 Shafir, Romania. Politics, Economics and Society, p. 118.59 Dan Petrescu and Liviu Cangeopol, Ce-ar mai fi de spus: Convorbiri libere într-oþarã ocupatã (What remains to be said: Free conversations in an occupiedcountry) new and rev. ed. (Bucharest: Nemira, 2000), pp. 89, 106-108, 120, 135-136, 162-163. See also Vasile Gogea, Fragmente salvate (1975-1989) (Savedfragments: 1975-1989) (Iaºi: Polirom, 1996), pp. 78, 80-81, 89, and LiviuAntonesei, Jurnal din anii ciumei, 1987-1989: Încercãri de sociologie spontanã(Diary from the plague years, 1987-1989: Attempts at a spontaneous sociology)(Iaºi: Polirom, 1995), pp. 30-31, 69-70.60 Dãianu, Încotro se îndreaptã þãrile postcomuniste? pp. 202-203.61 Shafir, Romania. Politics, Economics and Society, p. 117.62 Shafir, Romania. Politics, Economics and Society, p. 118.63 See the communiqué of the National Salvation Front of 22 December 1989 inRobert V. Daniels, ed., A Documentary History of Communism and the World:From Revolution to Collapse (Hanover and London: University Press of NewEngland, 1994), pp. 345-346.297