Description of ornamental building stones used in the ground foyer ...
Description of ornamental building stones used in the ground foyer ...
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G E O S C I E N C E A U S T R A L I A<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> Ornamental Build<strong>in</strong>g Stones<strong>used</strong> on <strong>the</strong> Ground Foyer <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> GeoscienceAustralia <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, Symonston, ACT.Peter J ButlerRecord2008/19GeoCat #67719APPLYING GEOSCIENCE TO AUSTRALIA’S MOST IMPORTANT CHALLENGES
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong><strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> GeoscienceAustralia <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, Symonston, ACT.GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIARECORD 2008/19byPeter J Butler 11. Peter J Butler, Geoscience Australia1
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Department <strong>of</strong> Resources, Energy and TourismM<strong>in</strong>ister for Resources and Energy: The Hon. Mart<strong>in</strong> Ferguson, AM MPSecretary: Dr Peter Boxall, AOGeoscience AustraliaChief Executive Officer: Dr Neil Williams, PSM© Commonwealth <strong>of</strong> Australia, 2008This work is copyright. Apart from any fair deal<strong>in</strong>gs for <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> study, research, criticism,or review, as permitted under <strong>the</strong> Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any processwithout written permission. Copyright is <strong>the</strong> responsibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chief Executive Officer,Geoscience Australia. Requests and enquiries should be directed to <strong>the</strong> Chief Executive Officer,Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378 Canberra ACT 2601.Geoscience Australia has tried to make <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation <strong>in</strong> this product as accurate as possible.However, it does not guarantee that <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation is totally accurate or complete. Therefore, youshould not solely rely on this <strong>in</strong>formation when mak<strong>in</strong>g a commercial decision.ISSN 1448-2177ISBN 978-1-921498-20-6GeoCat # 67719Bibliographic reference: Butler, P. J., 2008. <strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong><strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, Symonston, ACT. Record2008/192
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Front Foyer, Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g. Photography by Jeremy Russell.3
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.ContentsExecutive Summary 6Introduction 7About Geoscience Australia 7Geoscience Australia <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>s 7Ornamental Build<strong>in</strong>g Stones Used 8Details <strong>of</strong> Ornamental Build<strong>in</strong>g Stones UsedFloor<strong>in</strong>g and Pl<strong>in</strong>ths 8Build<strong>in</strong>g’s Fault L<strong>in</strong>e feature and Reception Area desk(polished black pieces) 9Persian red travert<strong>in</strong>e slabs 10Acknowledgements 12Glossary 13References 15Appendix 1:Schedule <strong>of</strong> Internal Materials and F<strong>in</strong>ishes<strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> 16Figures1. Geoscience Australia <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>. View look<strong>in</strong>g south-east. 172. Former premises <strong>of</strong> Tumut Lime and Marble Pty Ltd, Adelong Road,Tumut, N. S. W. 173. Rodney Henrick at his workshop hon<strong>in</strong>g (polish<strong>in</strong>g) a basalt floor tile. 184. Basalt pl<strong>in</strong>ths at <strong>the</strong> rear entrance to Geoscience Australia. 195. Location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wee Jasper Quarry, N. S. W. 196. Aerial view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wee Jasper Quarry, N. S. W. 207. Flag<strong>stones</strong> and feature <strong>stones</strong>. Wee Jasper Quarry, N. S. W. 208. Ma<strong>in</strong> work<strong>in</strong>g face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wee Jasper Quarry, N. S. W. 219. Location <strong>of</strong> Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry, Tumbarumba, N. S. W. 2210. Aerial view <strong>of</strong> Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry, Tumbarumba, N. S. W. 2211. Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry, Tumbarumba, N. S. W., show<strong>in</strong>gcolumnar structures. 2312. Columnar structures at Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry,Tumbarumba, N. S. W. 2313. ‘Fault’ l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> pav<strong>in</strong>g and widows <strong>of</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> entrance toGeoscience Australia. 244
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.14. ‘Fault’ l<strong>in</strong>e runn<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> basalt tiles and carpet <strong>in</strong><strong>the</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> Geoscience Australia. 2415. Blade walls at Geoscience Australia. 2516. Blade walls at Geoscience Australia. 255
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Executive SummaryThis report describes <strong>the</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> floor <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>.There are three <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong>. The floor<strong>in</strong>g tiles are basalt. The ‘fault’l<strong>in</strong>e through this is a polished norite and <strong>the</strong> blade walls are covered by aPersian red Travert<strong>in</strong>e. Investigations have established that <strong>the</strong> basalt andnorite are from Australian quarries and <strong>the</strong> travert<strong>in</strong>e is from an unknown sourceoverseas possibly Italy.6
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.IntroductionThis record describes <strong>the</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong>floor <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>.This record is <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> enquires from <strong>the</strong> general publicand employees <strong>of</strong> Geoscience Australia regard<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> identification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> floor and walls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> floor <strong>foyer</strong> area <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> GA <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>.Information on <strong>the</strong> material <strong>used</strong> on <strong>the</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> floor was obta<strong>in</strong>ed from <strong>the</strong><strong>ornamental</strong> stone suppliers and quarry operators. In most cases <strong>the</strong>sesuppliers and operators were known to <strong>the</strong> author.About Geoscience AustraliaGeoscience Australia is with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> portfolio <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong>Resources, Energy and Tourism. The organisation plays a critical role byproduc<strong>in</strong>g first-class geoscientific <strong>in</strong>formation and knowledge. This enables <strong>the</strong>government and <strong>the</strong> community to make <strong>in</strong>formed decisions about <strong>the</strong>exploration <strong>of</strong> resources, <strong>the</strong> management <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> environment, <strong>the</strong> safety <strong>of</strong>critical <strong>in</strong>frastructure and <strong>the</strong> resultant wellbe<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> all Australians.The predecessor to Geoscience Australia was established <strong>in</strong> 1946 andwas <strong>the</strong>n called <strong>the</strong> Bureau <strong>of</strong> M<strong>in</strong>eral Resources, Geology and Geophysics(BMR). After <strong>the</strong> Second World War, <strong>the</strong> Federal government decided a coord<strong>in</strong>atedapproach was needed to determ<strong>in</strong>e and evaluate Australia’s vastpetroleum and m<strong>in</strong>eral resources. BMR’s ma<strong>in</strong> function dur<strong>in</strong>g this time was tocompile a series <strong>of</strong> geological maps that covered <strong>the</strong> entire cont<strong>in</strong>ent. TheBMR became <strong>the</strong> Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO) <strong>in</strong> 1992.In August 2001 AGSO was renamed AGSO - Geoscience Australia.In November 2001, <strong>the</strong> new comb<strong>in</strong>ed agency adopted its current name<strong>of</strong> Geoscience Australia, recognis<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> vital geoscientific work it does acrossmany discipl<strong>in</strong>es. The work contributes to land use and resource management<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g that <strong>of</strong> Australia’s mar<strong>in</strong>e jurisdiction. Geoscience Australia also studychanges <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> natural environment and natural hazards such as earthquakes,tsunamis and landslides.Geoscience Australia <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>sThe purpose built geoscientific research facility is located on <strong>the</strong> corner<strong>of</strong> Jerrabomberra Avenue and H<strong>in</strong>dmarsh Drive, Symonston, ACT. (Figure 1).Construction commenced <strong>in</strong> April 1996 and was completed <strong>in</strong> December 1997.Approximately 17,000 cubic metres <strong>of</strong> concrete and 1,200 tonnes <strong>of</strong>structural steel were <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>s that make up<strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice/laboratory complex and <strong>the</strong>support <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>. The total floor area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>s is about 40,000square metres.7
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Ornamental Build<strong>in</strong>g Stones UsedAustralian materials were <strong>used</strong> wherever practicable <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> construction<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> external precast wallcladd<strong>in</strong>g, tank<strong>in</strong>g and waterpro<strong>of</strong> membranes, structural steel, laboratorybenches, cupboards and fitments, sheet v<strong>in</strong>yl floor<strong>in</strong>g, carpet tiles, ceramic walltiles, louver and Venetian bl<strong>in</strong>ds, pa<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g systems and many o<strong>the</strong>rs (seeAppendix 1 for a list <strong>of</strong> materials <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong>).Three different <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>stones</strong> were <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> construction <strong>of</strong>architectural features located with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia<strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> and <strong>the</strong>y are described as:Hard Floor<strong>in</strong>gFault L<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> Internalhard floorStone fac<strong>in</strong>g toBlade WallsSawn and honed basalt (bluestone) slabsImperial Black granite slabsPersian Red travert<strong>in</strong>e slabsDetails <strong>of</strong> Ornamental Build<strong>in</strong>g Stones UsedBasaltic Hard Floor<strong>in</strong>g and Pl<strong>in</strong>thsThe unpolished hard floor<strong>in</strong>g slabs with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> and <strong>the</strong> pl<strong>in</strong>thslocated outside <strong>the</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> are made from basaltic rock that was obta<strong>in</strong>ed fromtwo quarries located <strong>in</strong> southwest New South Wales. The quarry provid<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>material for <strong>the</strong> pl<strong>in</strong>ths was unable to provide suitable stone for <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>terior<strong>ground</strong> hard floor<strong>in</strong>g slabs and a second quarry was sourced for this feature.In both cases <strong>the</strong> basalt was trucked from its quarry site near Tumut to<strong>the</strong> Tumut Lime and Marble Company located on <strong>the</strong> Snowy Mounta<strong>in</strong>sHighway near Tumut, New South Wales, (Figure 2) where it was cut andpolished (honed) by <strong>the</strong> owner Rodney Henrick (now retired), (Figure 3) andCraige Henrick (Rodney Henrick, 2007, per. comm.).The basalt <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> both <strong>the</strong>se features is an igneous volcanic rock thatcomes <strong>in</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> forms; which <strong>in</strong> this case is an alkali oliv<strong>in</strong>e basalt.Pl<strong>in</strong>thsThe basaltic stone slabs <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> two pl<strong>in</strong>ths located outside <strong>the</strong>sou<strong>the</strong>rn entrance (staff entrance) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> (Figure 4) were obta<strong>in</strong>ed froma quarry near Wee Jasper, N. S. W. (Figure 5 and 6). The location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> quarryis 35.07869 S, 148.60799 E, with an elevation <strong>of</strong> 757m. The Wee Jasperquarry is operated by Capital Quarries and supplies stone for rock walls,flagstone and feature <strong>stones</strong> to <strong>the</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustry <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> A. C. T and N. S. W.(Figure 7) (Craige Henrick, 2007, per. comm.). A considerable amount <strong>of</strong> roughstone has been quarried from <strong>the</strong> site. (Figure 8). The m<strong>in</strong>eralogy <strong>of</strong> this stoneis given by Hensel Geosciences, 1997 and is:8
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.M<strong>in</strong>eralBy volume.fresh oliv<strong>in</strong>e 15%plagioclase feldspar 34%calcic pyroxene 30%opaque m<strong>in</strong>erals 6%<strong>in</strong>terstitial m<strong>in</strong>erals 1%idd<strong>in</strong>gsite 3%clay 4%alteration 6%nephel<strong>in</strong>e
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.A fault l<strong>in</strong>e feature was <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> architectural design as Canberrahas a series <strong>of</strong> old fault l<strong>in</strong>es that run through <strong>the</strong> area; <strong>the</strong> most famous faultbe<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Deak<strong>in</strong> Fault.The Deak<strong>in</strong> Fault is a major fault <strong>in</strong> Canberra runn<strong>in</strong>g north-west tosouth-east and pass<strong>in</strong>g through State Circle, very close to <strong>the</strong> suburb <strong>of</strong> Deak<strong>in</strong>.It extends from <strong>the</strong> hills to <strong>the</strong> east <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> suburb <strong>of</strong> Jerrabomberra and headsnorthwest via <strong>the</strong> suburbs <strong>of</strong> Narrabundah, Griffith, Forest, Yarralumla <strong>the</strong>nacross <strong>the</strong> Molonglo River to Cook, <strong>the</strong>n turns nor<strong>the</strong>ast <strong>in</strong> Macquarie where itturns around to <strong>the</strong> north-west aga<strong>in</strong> via Belconnen, Evatt, Melba, Flynn,Charnwood, Dunlop and out <strong>the</strong> north-west <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ACT. It cont<strong>in</strong>ues to <strong>the</strong> eastend <strong>of</strong> Lake Burrunjuck near Yass. Its total length is approximately 70kilometers. It is a normal fault with <strong>the</strong> fault block on <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>ast side elevatedand <strong>the</strong> southwest fault block lowered.The <strong>ornamental</strong> stone <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> fault l<strong>in</strong>e feature and <strong>the</strong> top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>reception area desk is made <strong>of</strong> a polished norite, an igneous plutonic rock <strong>of</strong>gabbroic composition (Figure 14). This rock is marketed under a number <strong>of</strong>trade names <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g Imperial Black, Austral Black or Adelaide Black Granite.Although technically not granite, it is market<strong>in</strong>g names reflect variations<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> characteristics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rock <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g visibility <strong>of</strong> igneous layer<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>f<strong>in</strong>al product. It is rich black <strong>in</strong> colour and usually uniform <strong>in</strong> texture. There area number <strong>of</strong> commercial quarries sell<strong>in</strong>g to all parts <strong>of</strong> Australia, New Zealand,Japan and America.The source <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stone <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> is <strong>the</strong>Black Hill quarries near Mannum, north-east <strong>of</strong> Adelaide, South Australia. Thisquarry has produced <strong>ornamental</strong> stone that have featured <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> John Mart<strong>in</strong>sand David Jones <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> (Adelaide), and Parliament House and <strong>the</strong> NationalLibrary <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>s <strong>in</strong> Canberra.It is estimated <strong>the</strong> norite was formed 475 - 485 million years ago dur<strong>in</strong>g<strong>the</strong> Ordovician. The m<strong>in</strong>eralogy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stone is given by Austral Asian Graniteon <strong>the</strong>ir web site and is:M<strong>in</strong>eralBy volume.Plagioclase feldspar 50%Potash feldspar 5%Pyroxene 30%Biotite 8%Opaque Oxides 5%O<strong>the</strong>r 2%Persian red travert<strong>in</strong>e slabsTravert<strong>in</strong>e is <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> n<strong>in</strong>e free stand<strong>in</strong>g blade walls <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong><strong>foyer</strong> (Figure 15 and 16). Travert<strong>in</strong>e is a chemically altered banded lime<strong>stones</strong>edimentary rock. The source <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stone is uncerta<strong>in</strong>. Literature sourcessuggests it may have come from Italy. The red colour is ca<strong>used</strong> by iron-bear<strong>in</strong>gm<strong>in</strong>erals that form dur<strong>in</strong>g precipitation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> limestone. The yellowish materialfill<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> former holes and spaces is an epoxy compound added dur<strong>in</strong>gpolish<strong>in</strong>g to seal <strong>the</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> stone.10
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Formation <strong>of</strong> Travert<strong>in</strong>eTravert<strong>in</strong>e, or calc-tufa, is a ra<strong>the</strong>r dense, banded limestone (calciumcarbonate) that is sometimes moderately porous. It is formed <strong>in</strong> several ways<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g evaporation with<strong>in</strong> hot spr<strong>in</strong>gs form<strong>in</strong>g tufa sheets, or <strong>in</strong> caves where itforms stalactites, stalagmites, or dripstone. Travert<strong>in</strong>e is found <strong>in</strong> greatestabundance where hot and cold spr<strong>in</strong>gs have been active for tens <strong>of</strong> thousands<strong>of</strong> years.When travert<strong>in</strong>e, or tufa (calcareous s<strong>in</strong>ter form), is be<strong>in</strong>g deposited <strong>in</strong>hot spr<strong>in</strong>gs, any pressure drop causes carbon dioxide to be released from <strong>the</strong>waters which lowers <strong>the</strong> solubility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> calcium carbonate and results <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>precipitation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> travert<strong>in</strong>e. High rates <strong>of</strong> evaporation <strong>in</strong> hot-spr<strong>in</strong>g pools canalso lead to supersaturation which causes precipitation <strong>of</strong> calcium carbonateand formation <strong>of</strong> travert<strong>in</strong>e. Travert<strong>in</strong>e formed <strong>in</strong> caves is <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> completeevaporation <strong>of</strong> waters rich <strong>in</strong> calcium carbonate; similar to <strong>the</strong> process thatforms stalactites and stalagmites.The most famous travert<strong>in</strong>e location is Bagni di Tivoli, 20 kilometres east<strong>of</strong> Rome. At this locality travert<strong>in</strong>e deposits are over 90 meters thick and havebeen quarried for over two thousand years. The name Travert<strong>in</strong>e was derivedfrom <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> locality where it was found, Tivoli. Tivoli was also referred toas Tibur. ‘Tibur stone’ or ‘lapis Tiburt<strong>in</strong>us’ <strong>in</strong> its Lat<strong>in</strong> form, with only a littlecorruption became Travert<strong>in</strong>e.The most famous uses <strong>of</strong> Travert<strong>in</strong>e as a <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> stone is <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> whitestone fac<strong>in</strong>g slabs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Colosseum. Although obviously wea<strong>the</strong>red by time,<strong>the</strong> fact that its still <strong>in</strong> place attests to its great resistance and strength.11
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.AcknowledgementsI would like to thank <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g people for help on various aspects <strong>of</strong> thisrecord;Paul Lubke. Paul Lubke Quarries, Holbrook, N. S. W., Australia for columnar<strong>stones</strong> and a polished slab <strong>of</strong> basalt from <strong>the</strong> Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry.Rodney Henrick, retired, Tumut Lime and Marble Pty Ltd, N. S. W., Australia.for <strong>in</strong>formation on quarries and photography <strong>of</strong> hon<strong>in</strong>g (polish<strong>in</strong>g) basalt.Craige Henrick, Quarry Manager, Wee Jasper Quarry, N. S. W., Australia forpermission to visit <strong>the</strong> Wee Jasper Quarry and technical data on <strong>the</strong> basalt andtravert<strong>in</strong>e blade walls.Tumbarumba Shire Council, N. S. W., Australia for <strong>in</strong>formation on <strong>the</strong> location<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry.John Wilk<strong>in</strong>son, Bald Hill Quarry Pty Ltd, Jugiong, N. S. W., Australia forpermission to visit <strong>the</strong> Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry and technical data on <strong>the</strong>basalt.Ge<strong>of</strong>f Walters, Quarry Manager, Tumbarumba, N. S. W., Australia for help and<strong>in</strong>formation on Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry.Graeme Whatman, Adelong, N. S. W. Australia for aerial photography <strong>of</strong> WeeJasper and Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry sites.Stanley and Margaret Bowditch, Muttama, N. S. W. Australia for help <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Wee Jasper Quarry.Robyn Butler, Isabella Pla<strong>in</strong>s, A. C. T. Australia for photography <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> WeeJasper and Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarries.Dean Hoatson, Geoscience Australia for technical advise, review<strong>in</strong>g andencouragement to produce this record.Shona Blewett, Geoscience Australia for review<strong>in</strong>g this record.Steve Ross, Geoscience Australia for <strong>in</strong>formation on <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia<strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>.Jeremy Russell, Geoscience Australia for photography <strong>of</strong> GeoscienceAustralia.David Gibson, Geoscience Australia for technical advise and age dates onbasalt.Kristy VanPutten, Geoscience Australia for production <strong>of</strong> location maps.Steve Read, Geoscience Australia for <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> records.Chris Fitzgerald, Geoscience Australia for photography <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> and frontand rear entrances <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>.Chris Foudoulis and Stephen Ridgway, Geoscience Australia for polish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong>basalt from Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry.Bruce Goleby, Geoscience Australia for review<strong>in</strong>g this record.12
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.GlossaryApatiteA common phosphate m<strong>in</strong>eral. Found <strong>in</strong> most rock types <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g igneous,sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.BasaltA common, dark-coloured, f<strong>in</strong>e-gra<strong>in</strong>ed extrusive igneous volcanic rock.Blade Walls<strong>Description</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> plans to describe <strong>the</strong> 9 free-stand<strong>in</strong>g walls <strong>in</strong><strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> Geoscience Australia.BluestoneA commercial term for basalt.BiotiteRock form<strong>in</strong>g m<strong>in</strong>eral belong<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> mica group <strong>of</strong> silicate m<strong>in</strong>erals.Columnar structuresA close packed series <strong>of</strong> hexagonal ‘prisms’ form<strong>in</strong>g perpendicular to <strong>the</strong> upperand lower surfaces <strong>of</strong> a lava flow and form<strong>in</strong>g as a result <strong>of</strong> contraction dur<strong>in</strong>gcool<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lava. Most <strong>of</strong>ten seen <strong>in</strong> basaltic lava flows.FaultA fracture <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Earth's crust ca<strong>used</strong> from <strong>the</strong> break<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> rocks over a largedistance and to depth.FeldsparsGroup <strong>of</strong> rock-form<strong>in</strong>g silicate m<strong>in</strong>erals <strong>in</strong> most types <strong>of</strong> igneous, sedimentaryand metamorphic rocks.GabbroA coarse-gra<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong>trusive igneous plutonic rock compris<strong>in</strong>g ma<strong>in</strong>ly feldspar andpyroxene vary<strong>in</strong>g amounts <strong>of</strong> oliv<strong>in</strong>e.GraniteA coarse-gra<strong>in</strong>ed, silica-rich <strong>in</strong>trusive igneous rock.HonedA rock surface that has been <strong>ground</strong> smooth.Idd<strong>in</strong>gsiteAn alteration product <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> m<strong>in</strong>eral oliv<strong>in</strong>e.IgneousOne <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three ma<strong>in</strong> rock types; formed by <strong>the</strong> cool<strong>in</strong>g and solidify<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong>molten magma or lava.Nephel<strong>in</strong>eA rock form<strong>in</strong>g silicate. Occurs <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>trusive and volcanic rocks.13
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.NoriteDark variety <strong>of</strong> gabbro. Conta<strong>in</strong>s ma<strong>in</strong>ly plagioclase and differs from gabbro by<strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> orthopyroxene.Oliv<strong>in</strong>eCommon m<strong>in</strong>eral <strong>of</strong> mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks.PhosphateA m<strong>in</strong>eral compound belong<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> apatite group <strong>of</strong> m<strong>in</strong>erals.PlutonicIgneous rock that has formed beneath <strong>the</strong> earth’s surface.PyroxeneGroup <strong>of</strong> rock-form<strong>in</strong>g silicate m<strong>in</strong>erals <strong>in</strong> mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks.SedimentaryOne <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three ma<strong>in</strong> rock types, formed by <strong>the</strong> deposition <strong>of</strong> sand, grit andclay fragments eroded from pre-exist<strong>in</strong>g rocks.SilicateThe most common compound <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> earths crust.14
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.ReferencesBates, R. L. and Jackson, J. A., 1987. Glossary <strong>of</strong> Geology. Pengu<strong>in</strong> Books.Whitten, D. G. A. and Brooks, R. V., 1987. Dictionary <strong>of</strong> Geology. AmericanGeological Institute.Schumann, W., 1994. Coll<strong>in</strong>s Photo Guide. Rocks M<strong>in</strong>erals and Gem<strong>stones</strong>.Foden, J., Elburg, M. A., Dougherry-Page, J. and Burtt, A., 2006. The Tim<strong>in</strong>gand Duration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Delamerian Orogeny: Correlation with <strong>the</strong> Ross Orogen andImplications for Gondwana Assembly. The Journal <strong>of</strong> Geology, 2006, 114, p.189–210.Gibson, D. L., 2007. Potassium-Argon Ages <strong>of</strong> Late Mesozoic and Ca<strong>in</strong>ozoicIgneous Rocks <strong>of</strong> Eastern Australia. CRC Leme Open File Report 193.Abell, R. S. 1991. Geology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Canberra 1:100,000 sheet area. BMR Bullet<strong>in</strong>233.Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g Plans and Inclusions, 1997. GeoscienceAustralia.GA’s New Build<strong>in</strong>g.1998. Information pack given to <strong>of</strong>ficers mov<strong>in</strong>g to GA.Offler, R., 2006. Petrographic <strong>Description</strong>s <strong>of</strong> Samples Jugiong andTumbarumba. Report for John Wilk<strong>in</strong>son, Bald Hill Quarry Pty Ltd.Boral Construction Materials, Materials Test<strong>in</strong>g and Environmental Services,2001. Petrographic <strong>Description</strong>s <strong>of</strong> Samples from Wee Jasper Quarry.Web Sites - Noritewww.tru-stone.com/pages/forms_lit.aspwww.pir.sa.gov.au/m<strong>in</strong>erals/geology/commodities/dimension_stone?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=pr<strong>in</strong>ter_friendlywww.aph.gov.au/senate/senators/homepages/first_speech/sfs-5L6.htmwww.melocco.com.au/html/austral_black.htmlwww.users.picknowl.com.au/~stanbatten/default.13<strong>in</strong>dex.htmlwww.aagranite.com.au/products/austral-black.htmlPersian red travert<strong>in</strong>ewww.persianredtravert<strong>in</strong>e.com/www.eurasian.com/iran/travert<strong>in</strong>e/<strong>in</strong>dex.htmlwww.iht.com/articles/2006/02/16/news/remarble.phpwww.answers.com/topic/travert<strong>in</strong>e?cat=technologyDeak<strong>in</strong> Faulthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_<strong>of</strong>_<strong>the</strong>_Australian_Capital_TerritoryBasaltwww.capitalquarries.com.au/15
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Appendix 1R5.2 SCHEDULE OF INTERNAL MATERIALS AND FINISHESNote: The colours <strong>in</strong> this F<strong>in</strong>ishes Schedule take precedence over any colours nom<strong>in</strong>ated<strong>in</strong> mechanical, electrical and hydraulics documents.GROUND FLOORFoyer, Reception and DisplayHARD FLOORINGFAULT LINE IN HARD FLOORINGINTERNALLYCENTRAL CARPET SQUARESKIRTINGS UNDER DISPLAY WALLSSTONE FACING TO BLADE WALLSPERFORATED TIMBER BULKHEADSTEELWORK OVERLIGHTING TO LOBBY/DISPLAY AREAWALLS BESIDE RECEPTION DESKBOTH SIDES AND RETURNSPAINTED WALLSPAINTED NORTH WALLS INCORRIDORS ADJACENT FOYER G.113DISPLAY BOARDS ON TRAVERTINEBLADE WALLSDISPLAY BOARDS ON EAST ANDWEST WALLS OF FOYERDISPLAY BOARDS IN AIRLOCK ATSOUTHERN ENTRANCEDISPLAY CASE FRAMESSawn honed bluestone slabs from TumutLime and Marble Company NSWImperial Black granite polished 600mmwideHand made tufted rug to special designand colour by Customweave Rugs or Rugsby Design with bluestone surrounds to eastand west sidesBrushed alum<strong>in</strong>ium f<strong>in</strong>ishPersian Red travert<strong>in</strong>e slabsPerforated Craftwood panels faced <strong>in</strong>Clarity lam<strong>in</strong>ate to resemble naturalCraftwood from Lam<strong>in</strong>ex IndustriesDulux Master Palette colour Capta<strong>in</strong>’s Walk70BG 51/116Natural anodised f<strong>in</strong>ishPerstorp Lam<strong>in</strong>ate colour PP 1866 UOrange butt jo<strong>in</strong>tedDulux Master Palette colour Star Cluster30GG 72/016Dulux Master Palette colour Walden’sPond 30GY 58/098F<strong>in</strong>esse Fabrics ‘Vision’ screen cloth colourTerracotta 69091F<strong>in</strong>esse Fabrics ‘Vision’ screen cloth colourM<strong>in</strong>t 49026F<strong>in</strong>esse Fabrics ‘Jubilee’ colour Grey19687 with Clarity lam<strong>in</strong>ate surroundsNatural anodised alum<strong>in</strong>ium16
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Figure 1. Geoscience Australia <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong>. View look<strong>in</strong>g south-east. Photographyby Geoscience AustraliaFigure 2. Former premises <strong>of</strong> Tumut Lime and Marble Pty Ltd, Adelong Road,Tumut, N. S. W. Photography by Peter Butler.17
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Figure 3. Rodney Henrick at his workshop hon<strong>in</strong>g (polish<strong>in</strong>g) a basalt floor tile.Photography by Rodney Henrick.18
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Figure 4. Basalt pl<strong>in</strong>ths at <strong>the</strong> rear entrance to Geoscience Australia.Photography by Chris Fitzgerald.Figure 5. Location <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wee Jasper Quarry, N. S. W.19
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Figure 6. Aerial view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wee Jasper Quarry, N. S. W. Photography byGraeme Whatman.Figure 7. Flag<strong>stones</strong> and feature <strong>stones</strong>. Wee Jasper Quarry, N. S. W.Photography by Robyn Butler.20
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Figure 8. Ma<strong>in</strong> work<strong>in</strong>g face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Wee Jasper Quarry, N. S. W. Photographyby Peter Butler.21
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Figure 9. Location <strong>of</strong> Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry, Tumbarumba, N. S. W.Figure 10. Aerial view <strong>of</strong> Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry, Tumbarumba, N. S. W.Photography by Graeme Whatman.22
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Figure 11. Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry, Tumbarumba, N. S. W., show<strong>in</strong>gcolumnar structures. Photograph by Peter Butler.Figure 12. Columnar structures at Murrays Cross<strong>in</strong>g Quarry, Tumbarumba, N.S. W. Photography by Robyn Butler.23
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Figure 13. ‘Fault’ l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> pav<strong>in</strong>g and widows <strong>of</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> entrance to GeoscienceAustralia. Photography by Chris Fitzgerald.Figure 14. ‘Fault’ l<strong>in</strong>e runn<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> basalt tiles and carpet <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong>Geoscience Australia. Photography by Chris Fitzgerald.24
<strong>Description</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>ornamental</strong> <strong>build<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>stones</strong> <strong>used</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>ground</strong> <strong>foyer</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geoscience Australia Build<strong>in</strong>g,Symonston, ACT.Figure 15. Blade walls at Geoscience Australia. Photography by ChrisFitzgerald.Figure 16. Blade walls at Geoscience Australia. Photography by ChrisFitzgerald.25