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$ns simplex-link $edge $core 10Mb 5ms dsRED/edge$ns simplex-link $core $edge 10Mb 5ms dsRED/coreThese two commands create the queues along the link between an edge router and a core router.set qEC [[$ns link $edge $core] queue]# Set DS RED parameters from Edge to Core:$qEC meanPktSize $packetSize$qEC set numQueues_ 1$qEC setNumPrec 2$qEC addPolicyEntry [$s1 id] [$dest id] TokenBucket 10 $cir0 $cbs0$qEC addPolicyEntry [$s2 id] [$dest id] TokenBucket 10 $cir1 $cbs1$qEC addPolicerEntry TokenBucket 10 11$qEC addPHBEntry 10 0 0$qEC addPHBEntry 11 0 1$qEC configQ 0 0 20 40 0.02$qEC configQ 0 1 10 20 0.10This block of code obtains handle to the DiffServ queue from an edge router to a core router and configures all of theparameters for it.The meanPktSize command is required for the RED state variables to be calculated accurately. Setting the number of physicalqueues and precedence levels is optional, but it aids efficiency. Because neither the scheduling or MRED mode type are set,they default to Round Robin scheduling and RIO-C Active Queue Management.The addPolicyEntry commands establish two policies at the edge queue: one between nodes S1 and Dest and one betweennodes S2 and Dest. Note that the [$s1 id] command returns the ID value needed by addPolicyEntry. The CIR andCBS values used in the policies are the ones set at the beginning of the script.The addPolicerEntry line is required because each policer type and initial code point pair requires an entry in the PolicerTable. Each of the policies uses the same policer and initial code point, so only one entry is needed.The addPHBEntry commands map each code point to a combination of physical and virtual queue. Although each codepoint in this example maps to a unique combination of physical and virtual queue, multiple code points could receive identicaltreatment.Finally, the configQ commands set the RED parameters for each virtual queue. It specifies the virtual queue by firsttwo parameters, for example, 0 and 1. The next three parameters are the minimum threshold, maximum threshold, and themaximum dropping probability. Note that as the precedence value increases, the RED parameters become harsher.set qCE [[$ns link $core $e1] queue]# Set DS RED parameters from Core to Edge:$qCE meanPktSize $packetSize$qCE set numQueues_ 1$qCE setNumPrec 2$qCE addPHBEntry 10 0 0$qCE addPHBEntry 11 0 1$qCE configQ 0 0 20 40 0.0293
$qCE configQ 0 1 10 20 0.10Note that the configuration of a core queue matches that of an edge queue, except that there is no Policy Table or Policer Tableto configure at a core router. A core router’s chief requirement is that it has a PHB entry for all code points that it will see.$qE1C printPolicyTable$qCE2 printCoreStatsThese methods output the policy or policer tables on link and different statistics.For further information, please refer to the example scripts under ~ns/tcl/ex/diffserv.94
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18 Radio Propagation Models 17718.1
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30 Multicast Routing 25130.1 Multic
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38.2.5 An example . . . . . . . . .
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X Other 40347 Educational use of NS
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# so, we lied. now, we define the t
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Chapter 2Undocumented FacilitiesNs
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Part IInterface to the Interpreter1
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• if you can do what you want by
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• tcl.result(const char* s)Pass t
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By convention in ns, the class Agen
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$object set bwvar 1500kb$object set
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For a C++ variable to be traceable,
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3.5 Class TclClassThis compiled cla
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class Packet {......static int hdrl
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The actual arguments passed by the
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class TclClass (Section 3.5) define
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Chapter 4The Class SimulatorThe ove
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4.2.2 the heap schedulerThe heap sc
Page 43 and 44: 4.4 Commands at a glanceSynopsis:ns
Page 45 and 46: $ns_ dumpqCommand for dumping event
Page 47 and 48: NODEPortClassifierAgentAgentAddrCla
Page 49 and 50: The Node instance variable, entry_,
Page 51 and 52: The default values for all the abov
Page 53 and 54: The classify() method is pure virtu
Page 55 and 56: };The class imposes no direct seman
Page 57 and 58: flow-specific queuing disciplines a
Page 59 and 60: 5.5 Routing Module and Classifier O
Page 61 and 62: Module NameRtModule/BaseRtModule/Mc
Page 63 and 64: $node neighborsThis returns the lis
Page 65 and 66: Linkhead_enqT_queue_ deqT_ link_ tt
Page 67 and 68: 6.2 ConnectorsConnectors, unlink cl
Page 69 and 70: $ns_ link-lossmodel This function
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 7Queue Management and Packe
Page 73 and 74: }}}void Queue::resume(){Packet* p =
Page 75 and 76: 7.3 Different types of Queue object
Page 77 and 78: maxidle_ is the maximum amount of t
Page 79 and 80: dst_ The destination address of pac
Page 81 and 82: 7.5.2 ConfigurationRunning a JoBS s
Page 83 and 84: mean_pkt_size_ Used to set the expe
Page 85 and 86: Demarker objects$q trace-file This
Page 87 and 88: The recv() method overrides the bas
Page 89 and 90: 9.2 ImplementationThe procedures an
Page 91 and 92: Average sending rateTSW window leng
Page 93: The following command adds an entry
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 10AgentsAgents represent en
Page 99 and 100: CtrMcast/EncapCtrMcast/DecapMessage
Page 101 and 102: }bind("windowOption_", &wnd_option_
Page 103 and 104: hdr_flags* nf = (hdr_flags*)npkt->a
Page 105 and 106: public:ECHO_Timer(ECHO_Agent *a) :
Page 107 and 108: 10.6.4 Using the agent through OTcl
Page 109 and 110: State Variables are:dupacks_ Number
Page 111 and 112: $agent attach-tbf Attaches a token
Page 113 and 114: (void)Scheduler::instance().schedul
Page 115 and 116: * outstanding, cancel it.*/void Tcp
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 12Packet Headers and Format
Page 119 and 120: method is now obsolete; its usage i
Page 121 and 122: Packethdrsize_next_bits()points to
Page 123 and 124: the system’s memory allocator. In
Page 125 and 126: }incr hdrlen_ $incrreturn $baseFrom
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 13Error ModelThis chapter d
Page 129 and 130: SimpleLink::errormodule argsSimulat
Page 131 and 132: This is a simple example of how to
Page 133 and 134: Higher LayersNode 1Node 2. . .Node
Page 135 and 136: };void recv(Packet* p, Handler*);vi
Page 137 and 138: and the frame type. It then passes
Page 139 and 140: $ll_ set delay_ $delay$ll_ set band
Page 141 and 142: 14.10 Commands at a glanceThe follo
Page 143 and 144: 15.2.1 Default Hierarchical Setting
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Chapter 16Mobile Networking in nsTh
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entry_addrdemuxIP addressdefaulttar
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16.1.2 Creating Node movementsThe m
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set netif $netif_($t)set mac $mac_(
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the hardware address of a packet’
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destined to itself to the port dmux
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switch(ch->ptype()) {case PT_MAC:br
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16.1.7 Revised format for wireless
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Packet info at "Application level"
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The main problem facing the wired-c
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target_target_encapsulatorreg_agent
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why: This avoids header clashes bet
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This command is used to create a Go
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Chapter 17Satellite Networking in n
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in counter-rotating planes (where t
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• Position/Sat/Geo A geostationar
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$ns add-isl $ltype $node1 $node2 $b
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$satrouteobject_ compute_routeswher
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This will add an error model to the
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lh_firstnameobj‘‘name’’ is
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from routing agentto Node->entrySat
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$satnode add-isl This method c
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set prop [new Propagation/FreeSpace
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18.3.2 Using shadowing modelBefore
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Chapter 19Energy Model in nsEnergy
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Chapter 20Directed DiffusionThe dir
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However if we have a large and dens
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yr application in the ns context. T
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value of opt(pre-stop) is usually t
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21.2 Implementation of XCP in NSIn
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the persistent queue length in the
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Thruput2 0.054024 60000residue_pos_
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Chapter 22DelayBox: Per-Flow Delay
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$ns attach-agent $n_sink $sink# mak
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Chapter 23Changes made to the IEEE
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Part IIISupport214
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endenddocument pargvcPrint out argc
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24.4.2 Memory Conservation TipsSome
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Chapter 25Mathematical SupportThe s
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set run [lindex $argv 0]}if {$run <
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}$sizeRNG next-substream# print the
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protected:RNG* rng_;};Classes deriv
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ns-random is implemented in ~ns/mis
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Chapter 26Trace and Monitoring Supp
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The monitor-queue function is const
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also used to accumulate packet drop
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}name,th->size(),flags,iph->flowid(
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PT_TORA,PT_DSR,PT_AODV,// insert ne
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The QueueMonitor class is not deriv
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$ns_ trace-all This is the command
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Chapter 27Test Suite SupportThe ns
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... ...}$ns_ at $opt(stop).1 "$self
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Example: To enable debugging in Que
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Chapter 29Unicast RoutingThis secti
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Asymmetric Routing Asymmetric routi
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class RouteLogic This class defines
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— The procedure init-all{} is a g
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Global Actions Once the detailed ac
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This dumps next hop information in
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$ns mrtproto ST;# specify shared tr
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Dense Mode The Dense Mode protocol
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and unique label (id). Thus, “inc
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add-iif{ifid link},add-oif{link if}
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CtrMcastComp is the centralised mul
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$ns_ mrtproto This command specifi
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Chapter 31Network DynamicsThis chap
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v 0.8123 link-up 3 5v 0.8123 link-u
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The first argument is the time at w
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$ns_ rtmodel This command defines
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$ns set-address-format hierarchical
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32.4 Hierarchical Routing with Sess
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Chapter 33UDP Agents33.1 UDP Agents
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Chapter 34TCP AgentsThis section de
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set ns [new Simulator]set node1 [$n
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34.2.1 The Base TCP SinkThe base TC
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Agent/TCP/FullTcp set dupseg_fix_ t
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34.5 Tracing TCP DynamicsThe behavi
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Chapter 35SCTP AgentsThis chapter d
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Figure 35.1: Example of a Multihome
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Note: the actual value of these tra
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1.526624 1 4 sctp 1500 -------D 0 1
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$ns at 5.0 "finish"$ns run35.5.2 Mu
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Chapter 36Agent/SRMThis chapter des
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36.1.2 Other Configuration Paramete
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3.6274 n 0 m r 1 type repair servi
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3.6029 n 3 m r 2 Q NTIMER at 3.730
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36.4 Loss Detection—The Class SRM
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same packet. The repair objet does
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}hdr_asrm* seh = (hdr_asrm*) p->acc
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set grp [Node allocaddr]$srm set ds
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#set up the multicast routingDM set
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37.3 Architecture of the PLM Protoc
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We add in void PLMLossMonitor::recv
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Part VIApplication330
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Traffic generatorsApplication/Traff
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• recv(int nbytes)—Announces th
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1. EXPOO_Traffic—generates traffi
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set src [new Agent/UDP]set sink [ne
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Application FTP FTP objects produce
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send_data(ADU)Application(HttpApp,
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39.1.4 Transmitting user data over
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and teardown of connections. Only O
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TclObjectPagePoolPagePool/CompMathP
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PagePool/ProxyTrace takes these two
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}int id_; // object IDWebTrafSessio
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An Http/Server object waits for inc
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set tmp [new RandomVariable/Exponen
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Object Type Event Type Explaination
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Chapter 40Worm ModelIn this chapter
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$w local-p 0.5Following are some co
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(nsnode) clientcloudPackM ime(nsnod
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HTTP responsesclients servers Delay
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41.5 Commands at a GlanceThe follow
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• HTTP response size (bytes)• s
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Chapter 42Session-level Packet Dist
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42.1.2 Inserting a Loss ModuleWhen
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Delay and Loss Modules Each receive
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Chapter 43Asim: approximate analyti
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set n(1) [$ns node]set link(0:1) [$
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Part VIIIEmulation382
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When using the emulation mode, a sp
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set intf [$pf1 open readonly]puts "
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puts "install nets into taps..."$a0
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Chapter 45Nam45.1 IntroductionNam i
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• Button 6 (Chevron logo) - Close
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Second, when dealing with randomly
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dst_portaddr,seqno,flags,sname);A n
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• up• down• right• left•
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46.1.7 Agent TracingAgent trace eve
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v -t 1.0 -e node_tclscript 2 "Echo
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If nam ever gets to the end of an e
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l :link-t time-s source id-d des
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E :D :P :a :session enqueue-t time
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v :V :N :W :g :A :c :q :execute tcl
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$ns duplex-link-op orient right$ns
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Chapter 47Educational use of NS and
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Bibliography[1] C. Alaettinoğlu, A
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