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ObjectiveThe objective of the JoBS algorithm is to provide absolute and relative (proportional) loss and delay differentiation independentlyat each node for classes of traffic. JoBS therefore provides service guarantees on a per-hop basis. The set ofperformance requirements are specified to the algorithm as a set of per-class Qualtiy of Service (QoS) constraints. As anexample, for three classes, the QoS constraints could be of the form:• Class-1 Delay ≈ 2 · Class-2 Delay,• Class-2 Loss Rate ≈ 10 −1 · Class-3 Loss Rate, or• Class-3 Delay ≤ 5 ms.Here, the first two constraints are relative constraints and the last one is an absolute constraint. The set of constraints can beany mix of relative and absolute constraints. More specifically, JoBS supports the five following types of constraints:• Relative delay constraints (RDC) specify a proportional delay differentiation between classes. As an example, fortwo classes 1 and 2, the RDC enforces a relationshipDelay of Class 2Delay of Class 1 ≈ constant .• Absolute delay constraints (ADC): An ADC on class i requires that the delays of class i satisfy a worst-case boundd i .• Relative loss constraints (RLC) specify a proportional loss differentiation between classes.• Absolute loss constraints (ALC): An ALC on class i requires that the loss rate of class i be bounded by an upperbound L i .• Absolute rate constraints (ARC): An ARC on class i means that the throughput of class i is bounded by a lowerbound µ i .JoBS does not rely on admission control or traffic policing, nor does it make any assumption on traffic arrivals. Therefore, asystem of constraints may become infeasible, and some constraints may need to be relaxed. QoS constraints are prioritized inthe following order.ALC > ADC, ARC > Relative Constraints .That is, if JoBS is unable to satisfy both absolute and relative constraints, it will give preference to the absolute constraints.MechanismsJoBS performs scheduling and buffer management in a single pass. JoBS dynamically allocates service rates to classes inorder to satisfy the delay constraints. The service rates needed for enforcing absolute delay constraints are allocated upon eachpacket arrival, while service rates derived from relative delay constraints are computed only every N packet arrivals. If nofeasible service rate allocation exists 1 , or if the packet buffer overflows, packets are dropped according to the loss constraints.The service rates are translated into packet scheduling decisions by an algorithm resembling Deficit Round Robin. That is,the scheduler tries to achieve the desired service rates by keeping track of the difference between the actual transmission ratefor each class and the desired service rate for each class. Scheduling in JoBS is work-conserving.1 For instance, if the sum of the service rates needed is greater than the output link capacity.79
7.5.2 ConfigurationRunning a JoBS simulation requires to create and configure the JoBS “link(s)”, to create and configure the Markers andDemarkers in charge of marking/demarking the traffic, to attach an application-level data source (traffic generator), and tostart the traffic generator.Initial Setupset ns [new Simulator]Queue/JoBS set drop_front_ falseQueue/JoBS set trace_hop_ trueQueue/JoBS set adc_resolution_type_ 0Queue/JoBS set shared_buffer_ 1Queue/JoBS set mean_pkt_size_ 4000Queue/Demarker set demarker_arrvs1_ 0Queue/Demarker set demarker_arrvs2_ 0Queue/Demarker set demarker_arrvs3_ 0Queue/Demarker set demarker_arrvs4_ 0Queue/Marker set marker_arrvs1_ 0Queue/Marker set marker_arrvs2_ 0Queue/Marker set marker_arrvs3_ 0Queue/Marker set marker_arrvs4_ 0set router(1) [$ns node]set router(2) [$ns node]set source [$ns node]set sink [$ns node]set bw 10000000set delay 0.001set buff 500;# preamble initialization;# use drop-tail;# enable statistic traces;# see ‘‘commands at a glance’’;# all classes share a common buffer;# we expect to receive 500-Byte pkts;# reset arrivals everywhere;# set first router;# set second router;# set source;# set traffic sink;# 10 Mbps;# 1 ms;# 500 packetsCreating the JoBS links$ns duplex-link $router(1) $router(2) $bw $delay JoBS;# Creates the JoBS link$ns_ queue-limit $router(1) $router(2) $buffset l [$ns_ get-link $router(1) $router(2)]set q [$l queue]$q init-rdcs -1 2 2 2 ;# Classes 2, 3 and 4 are bound by proportional delay differentiation with a factor of 2$q init-rlcs -1 2 2 2 ;# Classes 2, 3 and 4 are bound by proportional loss differentiation with a factor of 2$q init-alcs 0.01 -1 -1 -1 ;# Class 1 is provided with a loss rate bound of 1%$q init-adcs 0.005 -1 -1 -1 ;# Class 1 is provided with a delay bound of 5 ms$q init-arcs -1 -1 -1 500000 ;# Class 4 is provided with a minimumthroughput of 500 Kbps$q link [$l link] ;# The link is attached to the queue (required)$q trace-file jobstrace ;# Trace per-hop, per-class metrics to the file jobstrace$q sampling-period 1 ;# Reevaluate rate allocation upon each arrival$q id 1 ;# Assigns an ID of 1 to the JoBS queue$q initialize ;# Proceed with the initialization80
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18 Radio Propagation Models 17718.1
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30 Multicast Routing 25130.1 Multic
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38.2.5 An example . . . . . . . . .
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X Other 40347 Educational use of NS
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# so, we lied. now, we define the t
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Chapter 2Undocumented FacilitiesNs
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Part IInterface to the Interpreter1
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• if you can do what you want by
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• tcl.result(const char* s)Pass t
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By convention in ns, the class Agen
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$object set bwvar 1500kb$object set
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Page 43 and 44: 4.4 Commands at a glanceSynopsis:ns
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Page 47 and 48: NODEPortClassifierAgentAgentAddrCla
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Page 69 and 70: $ns_ link-lossmodel This function
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Page 79: dst_ The destination address of pac
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Page 85 and 86: Demarker objects$q trace-file This
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Page 91 and 92: Average sending rateTSW window leng
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This is a simple example of how to
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Higher LayersNode 1Node 2. . .Node
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};void recv(Packet* p, Handler*);vi
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and the frame type. It then passes
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$ll_ set delay_ $delay$ll_ set band
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14.10 Commands at a glanceThe follo
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15.2.1 Default Hierarchical Setting
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Chapter 16Mobile Networking in nsTh
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entry_addrdemuxIP addressdefaulttar
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16.1.2 Creating Node movementsThe m
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set netif $netif_($t)set mac $mac_(
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the hardware address of a packet’
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destined to itself to the port dmux
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switch(ch->ptype()) {case PT_MAC:br
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16.1.7 Revised format for wireless
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Packet info at "Application level"
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The main problem facing the wired-c
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target_target_encapsulatorreg_agent
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why: This avoids header clashes bet
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This command is used to create a Go
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Chapter 17Satellite Networking in n
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in counter-rotating planes (where t
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• Position/Sat/Geo A geostationar
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$ns add-isl $ltype $node1 $node2 $b
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$satrouteobject_ compute_routeswher
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This will add an error model to the
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lh_firstnameobj‘‘name’’ is
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from routing agentto Node->entrySat
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$satnode add-isl This method c
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set prop [new Propagation/FreeSpace
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18.3.2 Using shadowing modelBefore
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Chapter 19Energy Model in nsEnergy
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Chapter 20Directed DiffusionThe dir
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However if we have a large and dens
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yr application in the ns context. T
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value of opt(pre-stop) is usually t
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21.2 Implementation of XCP in NSIn
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the persistent queue length in the
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Thruput2 0.054024 60000residue_pos_
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Chapter 22DelayBox: Per-Flow Delay
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$ns attach-agent $n_sink $sink# mak
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Chapter 23Changes made to the IEEE
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Part IIISupport214
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endenddocument pargvcPrint out argc
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24.4.2 Memory Conservation TipsSome
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Chapter 25Mathematical SupportThe s
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set run [lindex $argv 0]}if {$run <
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}$sizeRNG next-substream# print the
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protected:RNG* rng_;};Classes deriv
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ns-random is implemented in ~ns/mis
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Chapter 26Trace and Monitoring Supp
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The monitor-queue function is const
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also used to accumulate packet drop
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}name,th->size(),flags,iph->flowid(
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PT_TORA,PT_DSR,PT_AODV,// insert ne
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The QueueMonitor class is not deriv
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$ns_ trace-all This is the command
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Chapter 27Test Suite SupportThe ns
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... ...}$ns_ at $opt(stop).1 "$self
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Example: To enable debugging in Que
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Chapter 29Unicast RoutingThis secti
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Asymmetric Routing Asymmetric routi
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class RouteLogic This class defines
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— The procedure init-all{} is a g
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Global Actions Once the detailed ac
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This dumps next hop information in
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$ns mrtproto ST;# specify shared tr
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Dense Mode The Dense Mode protocol
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and unique label (id). Thus, “inc
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add-iif{ifid link},add-oif{link if}
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CtrMcastComp is the centralised mul
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$ns_ mrtproto This command specifi
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Chapter 31Network DynamicsThis chap
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v 0.8123 link-up 3 5v 0.8123 link-u
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The first argument is the time at w
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$ns_ rtmodel This command defines
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$ns set-address-format hierarchical
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32.4 Hierarchical Routing with Sess
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Chapter 33UDP Agents33.1 UDP Agents
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Chapter 34TCP AgentsThis section de
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set ns [new Simulator]set node1 [$n
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34.2.1 The Base TCP SinkThe base TC
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Agent/TCP/FullTcp set dupseg_fix_ t
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34.5 Tracing TCP DynamicsThe behavi
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Chapter 35SCTP AgentsThis chapter d
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Figure 35.1: Example of a Multihome
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Note: the actual value of these tra
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1.526624 1 4 sctp 1500 -------D 0 1
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$ns at 5.0 "finish"$ns run35.5.2 Mu
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Chapter 36Agent/SRMThis chapter des
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36.1.2 Other Configuration Paramete
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3.6274 n 0 m r 1 type repair servi
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3.6029 n 3 m r 2 Q NTIMER at 3.730
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36.4 Loss Detection—The Class SRM
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same packet. The repair objet does
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}hdr_asrm* seh = (hdr_asrm*) p->acc
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set grp [Node allocaddr]$srm set ds
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#set up the multicast routingDM set
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37.3 Architecture of the PLM Protoc
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We add in void PLMLossMonitor::recv
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Part VIApplication330
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Traffic generatorsApplication/Traff
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• recv(int nbytes)—Announces th
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1. EXPOO_Traffic—generates traffi
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set src [new Agent/UDP]set sink [ne
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Application FTP FTP objects produce
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send_data(ADU)Application(HttpApp,
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39.1.4 Transmitting user data over
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and teardown of connections. Only O
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TclObjectPagePoolPagePool/CompMathP
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PagePool/ProxyTrace takes these two
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}int id_; // object IDWebTrafSessio
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An Http/Server object waits for inc
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set tmp [new RandomVariable/Exponen
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Object Type Event Type Explaination
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Chapter 40Worm ModelIn this chapter
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$w local-p 0.5Following are some co
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(nsnode) clientcloudPackM ime(nsnod
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HTTP responsesclients servers Delay
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41.5 Commands at a GlanceThe follow
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• HTTP response size (bytes)• s
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Chapter 42Session-level Packet Dist
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42.1.2 Inserting a Loss ModuleWhen
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Delay and Loss Modules Each receive
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Chapter 43Asim: approximate analyti
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set n(1) [$ns node]set link(0:1) [$
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Part VIIIEmulation382
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When using the emulation mode, a sp
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set intf [$pf1 open readonly]puts "
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puts "install nets into taps..."$a0
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Chapter 45Nam45.1 IntroductionNam i
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• Button 6 (Chevron logo) - Close
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Second, when dealing with randomly
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dst_portaddr,seqno,flags,sname);A n
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• up• down• right• left•
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46.1.7 Agent TracingAgent trace eve
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v -t 1.0 -e node_tclscript 2 "Echo
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If nam ever gets to the end of an e
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l :link-t time-s source id-d des
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E :D :P :a :session enqueue-t time
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v :V :N :W :g :A :c :q :execute tcl
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$ns duplex-link-op orient right$ns
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Chapter 47Educational use of NS and
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Bibliography[1] C. Alaettinoğlu, A
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