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QUEUEMONITOR/ED OBJECTSThis derived object is capable of differentiating regular packet drops from early drops. Some queues distinguish regular drops(e.g. drops due to buffer exhaustion) from other drops (e.g. random drops in RED queues). Under some circumstances, it isuseful to distinguish these two types of drops.State Variables are:epdrops_ The number of packets that have been dropped “early”.ebdrops_ The number of bytes comprising packets that have been dropped “early”.Note: because this class is a subclass of QueueMonitor, objects of this type also have fields such as pdrops_ and bdrops_.These fields describe the total number of dropped packets and bytes, including both early and non-early drops.QUEUEMONITOR/ED/FLOWMON OBJECTSThese objects may be used in the place of a conventional QueueMonitor object when wishing to collect per-flow counts andstatistics in addition to the aggregate counts and statistics provided by the basic QueueMonitor.$fmon classifier This inserts (read) the specified classifier into (from) the flow monitor object. This is used to map incoming packets to whichflows they are associated with.$fmon dumpDump the current per-flow counters and statistics to the I/O channel specified in a previous attach operation.$fmon flowsReturn a character string containing the names of all flow objects known by this flow monitor. Each of these objects are oftype QueueMonitor/ED/Flow.$fmon attach Attach a tcl I/O channel to the flow monitor. Flow statistics are written to the channel when the dump operation is executed.Configuration Parameters are:enable_in_ Set to true by default, indicates that per-flow arrival state should be kept by the flow monitor. If set to false, onlythe aggregate arrival information is kept.enable_out_ Set to true by default, indicates that per-flow departure state should be kept by the flow monitor. If set to false,only the aggregate departure information is kept.enable_drop_ Set to true by default, indicates that per-flow drop state should be kept by the flow monitor. If set to false,only the aggregate drop information is kept.enable_edrop_ Set to true by default, indicates that per-flow early drop state should be kept by the flow monitor. If set tofalse, only the aggregate early drop information is kept.QUEUEMONITOR/ED/FLOW OBJECTSThese objects contain per-flow counts and statistics managed by a QueueMonitor/ED/Flowmon object. They are generallycreated in an OTcl callback procedure when a flow monitor is given a packet it cannot map on to a known flow. Note that theflow monitor’s classifier is responsible for mapping packets to flows in some arbitrary way. Thus, depending on the type ofclassifier used, not all of the state variables may be relevant (e.g. one may classify packets based only on flow id, in whichcase the source and destination addresses may not be significant). State Variables are:src_ The source address of packets belonging to this flow.77
dst_ The destination address of packets belonging to this flow.flowid_ The flow id of packets belonging to this flow.7.4 Commands at a glanceFollowing is a list of queue commands used in simulation scripts:$ns_ queue-limit This sets a limit on the maximum buffer size of the queue in the link between nodes and .$ns_ trace-queue This sets up trace objects to log events in the queue. If tracefile is not passed, it uses traceAllFile_ to write the events.$ns_ namtrace-queue Similar to trace-queue above, this sets up nam-tracing in the queue.$ns_ monitor-queue This command inserts objects that allows us to monitor the queue size. This returns a handle to the object that may bequeried to determine the average queue size. The default value for sampleinterval is 0.1.7.5 Queue/JoBSJoBS is developed and contributed by Nicolas Christin This chapter describes the implementation of the Joint Buffer Management and Scheduling (JoBS) algorithm in ns. Thischapter is in three parts. The first part summarizes the objectives of the JoBS algorithm. The second part explains how toconfigure a JoBS queue in ns. The third part focuses on the tracing mechanisms implemented for JoBS.The procedures and functions described in this chapter can be found in ns/jobs.{cc, h}, ns/marker.{cc, h}, ns/demarker.{cc,h}. Example scripts can be found in ns/tcl/ex/jobs-{lossdel, cn2002}.tcl.Additional information can be found at http://qosbox.cs.virginia.edu.7.5.1 The JoBS algorithmThis section gives an overview of the objectives the JoBS algorithm aims at achieving, and of the mechanisms employed toreach these objectives. The original JoBS algorithm, as described in [20], was using the solution to a non-linear optimizationproblem. This ns-2 implementation uses the feedback-control based heuristic described in [8].Important Note: This ns-2 implementation results from the merge between old code for ns-2.1b5, and code derived from theBSD kernel-level implementation of the JoBS algorithm. It is still considered experimental. Due to the absence of bindingfacilities for arrays between Tcl and C++ in tclcl at the moment, the number of traffic classes is statically set to 4 and cannotbe changed without modifying the C++ code.78
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18 Radio Propagation Models 17718.1
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30 Multicast Routing 25130.1 Multic
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38.2.5 An example . . . . . . . . .
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X Other 40347 Educational use of NS
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# so, we lied. now, we define the t
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Chapter 2Undocumented FacilitiesNs
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Part IInterface to the Interpreter1
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• if you can do what you want by
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• tcl.result(const char* s)Pass t
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By convention in ns, the class Agen
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Page 33 and 34: class Packet {......static int hdrl
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Page 37 and 38: class TclClass (Section 3.5) define
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 4The Class SimulatorThe ove
Page 41 and 42: 4.2.2 the heap schedulerThe heap sc
Page 43 and 44: 4.4 Commands at a glanceSynopsis:ns
Page 45 and 46: $ns_ dumpqCommand for dumping event
Page 47 and 48: NODEPortClassifierAgentAgentAddrCla
Page 49 and 50: The Node instance variable, entry_,
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Page 57 and 58: flow-specific queuing disciplines a
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Page 63 and 64: $node neighborsThis returns the lis
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Page 67 and 68: 6.2 ConnectorsConnectors, unlink cl
Page 69 and 70: $ns_ link-lossmodel This function
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Page 73 and 74: }}}void Queue::resume(){Packet* p =
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Page 85 and 86: Demarker objects$q trace-file This
Page 87 and 88: The recv() method overrides the bas
Page 89 and 90: 9.2 ImplementationThe procedures an
Page 91 and 92: Average sending rateTSW window leng
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Page 97 and 98: Chapter 10AgentsAgents represent en
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Page 101 and 102: }bind("windowOption_", &wnd_option_
Page 103 and 104: hdr_flags* nf = (hdr_flags*)npkt->a
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Page 111 and 112: $agent attach-tbf Attaches a token
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Page 119 and 120: method is now obsolete; its usage i
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SimpleLink::errormodule argsSimulat
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This is a simple example of how to
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Higher LayersNode 1Node 2. . .Node
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};void recv(Packet* p, Handler*);vi
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and the frame type. It then passes
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$ll_ set delay_ $delay$ll_ set band
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14.10 Commands at a glanceThe follo
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15.2.1 Default Hierarchical Setting
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Chapter 16Mobile Networking in nsTh
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entry_addrdemuxIP addressdefaulttar
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16.1.2 Creating Node movementsThe m
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set netif $netif_($t)set mac $mac_(
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the hardware address of a packet’
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destined to itself to the port dmux
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switch(ch->ptype()) {case PT_MAC:br
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16.1.7 Revised format for wireless
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Packet info at "Application level"
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The main problem facing the wired-c
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target_target_encapsulatorreg_agent
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why: This avoids header clashes bet
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This command is used to create a Go
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Chapter 17Satellite Networking in n
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in counter-rotating planes (where t
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• Position/Sat/Geo A geostationar
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$ns add-isl $ltype $node1 $node2 $b
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$satrouteobject_ compute_routeswher
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This will add an error model to the
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lh_firstnameobj‘‘name’’ is
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from routing agentto Node->entrySat
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$satnode add-isl This method c
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set prop [new Propagation/FreeSpace
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18.3.2 Using shadowing modelBefore
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Chapter 19Energy Model in nsEnergy
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Chapter 20Directed DiffusionThe dir
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However if we have a large and dens
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yr application in the ns context. T
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value of opt(pre-stop) is usually t
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21.2 Implementation of XCP in NSIn
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the persistent queue length in the
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Thruput2 0.054024 60000residue_pos_
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Chapter 22DelayBox: Per-Flow Delay
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$ns attach-agent $n_sink $sink# mak
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Chapter 23Changes made to the IEEE
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Part IIISupport214
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endenddocument pargvcPrint out argc
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24.4.2 Memory Conservation TipsSome
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Chapter 25Mathematical SupportThe s
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set run [lindex $argv 0]}if {$run <
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}$sizeRNG next-substream# print the
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protected:RNG* rng_;};Classes deriv
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ns-random is implemented in ~ns/mis
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Chapter 26Trace and Monitoring Supp
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The monitor-queue function is const
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also used to accumulate packet drop
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}name,th->size(),flags,iph->flowid(
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PT_TORA,PT_DSR,PT_AODV,// insert ne
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The QueueMonitor class is not deriv
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$ns_ trace-all This is the command
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Chapter 27Test Suite SupportThe ns
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... ...}$ns_ at $opt(stop).1 "$self
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Example: To enable debugging in Que
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Chapter 29Unicast RoutingThis secti
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Asymmetric Routing Asymmetric routi
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class RouteLogic This class defines
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— The procedure init-all{} is a g
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Global Actions Once the detailed ac
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This dumps next hop information in
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$ns mrtproto ST;# specify shared tr
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Dense Mode The Dense Mode protocol
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and unique label (id). Thus, “inc
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add-iif{ifid link},add-oif{link if}
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CtrMcastComp is the centralised mul
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$ns_ mrtproto This command specifi
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Chapter 31Network DynamicsThis chap
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v 0.8123 link-up 3 5v 0.8123 link-u
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The first argument is the time at w
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$ns_ rtmodel This command defines
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$ns set-address-format hierarchical
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32.4 Hierarchical Routing with Sess
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Chapter 33UDP Agents33.1 UDP Agents
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Chapter 34TCP AgentsThis section de
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set ns [new Simulator]set node1 [$n
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34.2.1 The Base TCP SinkThe base TC
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Agent/TCP/FullTcp set dupseg_fix_ t
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34.5 Tracing TCP DynamicsThe behavi
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Chapter 35SCTP AgentsThis chapter d
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Figure 35.1: Example of a Multihome
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Note: the actual value of these tra
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1.526624 1 4 sctp 1500 -------D 0 1
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$ns at 5.0 "finish"$ns run35.5.2 Mu
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Chapter 36Agent/SRMThis chapter des
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36.1.2 Other Configuration Paramete
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3.6274 n 0 m r 1 type repair servi
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3.6029 n 3 m r 2 Q NTIMER at 3.730
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36.4 Loss Detection—The Class SRM
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same packet. The repair objet does
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}hdr_asrm* seh = (hdr_asrm*) p->acc
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set grp [Node allocaddr]$srm set ds
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#set up the multicast routingDM set
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37.3 Architecture of the PLM Protoc
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We add in void PLMLossMonitor::recv
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Part VIApplication330
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Traffic generatorsApplication/Traff
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• recv(int nbytes)—Announces th
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1. EXPOO_Traffic—generates traffi
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set src [new Agent/UDP]set sink [ne
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Application FTP FTP objects produce
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send_data(ADU)Application(HttpApp,
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39.1.4 Transmitting user data over
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and teardown of connections. Only O
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TclObjectPagePoolPagePool/CompMathP
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PagePool/ProxyTrace takes these two
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}int id_; // object IDWebTrafSessio
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An Http/Server object waits for inc
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set tmp [new RandomVariable/Exponen
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Object Type Event Type Explaination
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Chapter 40Worm ModelIn this chapter
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$w local-p 0.5Following are some co
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(nsnode) clientcloudPackM ime(nsnod
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HTTP responsesclients servers Delay
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41.5 Commands at a GlanceThe follow
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• HTTP response size (bytes)• s
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Chapter 42Session-level Packet Dist
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42.1.2 Inserting a Loss ModuleWhen
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Delay and Loss Modules Each receive
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Chapter 43Asim: approximate analyti
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set n(1) [$ns node]set link(0:1) [$
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Part VIIIEmulation382
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When using the emulation mode, a sp
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set intf [$pf1 open readonly]puts "
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puts "install nets into taps..."$a0
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Chapter 45Nam45.1 IntroductionNam i
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• Button 6 (Chevron logo) - Close
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Second, when dealing with randomly
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dst_portaddr,seqno,flags,sname);A n
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• up• down• right• left•
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46.1.7 Agent TracingAgent trace eve
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v -t 1.0 -e node_tclscript 2 "Echo
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If nam ever gets to the end of an e
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l :link-t time-s source id-d des
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E :D :P :a :session enqueue-t time
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v :V :N :W :g :A :c :q :execute tcl
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$ns duplex-link-op orient right$ns
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Chapter 47Educational use of NS and
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Bibliography[1] C. Alaettinoğlu, A
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