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$simplelink init-monitor Insert objects that allow us to monitor the queue size of this link. Return the name of the object that can be queried todetermine the average queue size.$simplelink attach-monitors This is similar to init-monitor, but allows for specification of more of the items.$simplelink dynamicSets up the dynamic flag for this link.$simplelink errormodule Inserts an error module before the queue.$simpleilnk insert-linkloss Inserts the error module after the queue.//Other link objects derived from class SimpleLink are FQLink, CBQLink and IntServLink.Configuration parameters for FQLink are:queueManagement_ The type of queue management used in the link. Default value is DropTail.No configuration parameters are specified for CBQLink and IntServLink objects.• DelayLink Object The DelayLink Objects determine the amount of time required for a packet to traverse a link. This isdefined to be size/bw + delay where size is the packet size, bw is the link bandwidth and delay is the link propagationdelay. There are no methods or state variables associated with this object.Configuration Parameters are:bandwidth_ Link bandwidth in bits per second.delay_ Link propagation delay in seconds.6.4 Commands at a glanceFollowing is a list of common link commands used in simulation scripts:$ns_ simplex-link This command creates an unidirectional link between node1 and node2 with specified bandwidth (BW) and delaycharacteristics. The link uses a queue type of and depending on the queue type different arguments are passedthrough .$ns_ duplex-link This creates a bi-directional link between node1 and node2. This procedure essentially creates a duplex-link from twosimplex links, one from node1 to node2 and the other from node2 to node1. The syntax for duplex-link is same as that ofsimplex-link described above.$ns_ duplex-intserv-link This creates a duplex-link between n1 and n2 with queue type of intserv, with specified BW and delay. This type of queueimplements a scheduler with two level services priority. The type of intserv queue is given by , with admissioncontrol unit type of and signal module of type .$ns_ simplex-link-op This is used to set attributes for a simplex link. The attributes may be the orientation, color, label, or queue-position.$ns_ duplex-link-op This command is used to set link attributes (like orientation of the links, color, label, or queue-position) for duplex links.67
$ns_ link-lossmodel This function generates losses (using the loss model inserted in the link between node and node) inthe link that can be visualized by nam.$ns_ lossmodel This is used to insert a loss module in regular links.Following is a list of internal link-related procedures:$ns_ register-nam-linkconfig This is an internal procedure used by "$link orient" to register/update the order in which links should be created innam.$ns_ remove-nam-linkconfig This procedure is used to remove any duplicate links (duplicate links may be created by GT-ITM topology generator).$link headReturns the instance variable head_ for the link. The head_ is the entry pont to the link and it points to the first object inthe link.$link add-to-head This allows the object to be now pointed by the head_ element in the link, i.e, now becomes thefirst object in the link.$link linkReturns the instance variable link_. The link_ is the element in the link that actually models the link in terms of delayand bandwidth characteristics of the link.$link queueReturns the instance variable queue_. queue_ is queue element in the link. There may be one or more queue elements ina particular link.$link cost This sets a link cost of .$link cost?Returns the cost value for the link. Default cost of link is set to 1.$link if-label?Returns the network interfaces associated with the link (for multicast routing).$link upThis sets the link status to "up". This command is a part of network dynamics support in ns.$link downSimilar to up, this command marks the link status as "down".$link up?Returns the link status. The status is always "up" as default, if link dynamics is not enabled.$link all-connectors opThis command applies the specified operation to all connectors in the link. Like, $link all-connectorsreset or $link all-connectors isDynamic.68
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18 Radio Propagation Models 17718.1
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30 Multicast Routing 25130.1 Multic
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38.2.5 An example . . . . . . . . .
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X Other 40347 Educational use of NS
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# so, we lied. now, we define the t
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 2Undocumented FacilitiesNs
Page 19 and 20: Part IInterface to the Interpreter1
Page 21 and 22: • if you can do what you want by
Page 23 and 24: • tcl.result(const char* s)Pass t
Page 25 and 26: By convention in ns, the class Agen
Page 27 and 28: $object set bwvar 1500kb$object set
Page 29 and 30: For a C++ variable to be traceable,
Page 31 and 32: 3.5 Class TclClassThis compiled cla
Page 33 and 34: class Packet {......static int hdrl
Page 35 and 36: The actual arguments passed by the
Page 37 and 38: class TclClass (Section 3.5) define
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 4The Class SimulatorThe ove
Page 41 and 42: 4.2.2 the heap schedulerThe heap sc
Page 43 and 44: 4.4 Commands at a glanceSynopsis:ns
Page 45 and 46: $ns_ dumpqCommand for dumping event
Page 47 and 48: NODEPortClassifierAgentAgentAddrCla
Page 49 and 50: The Node instance variable, entry_,
Page 51 and 52: The default values for all the abov
Page 53 and 54: The classify() method is pure virtu
Page 55 and 56: };The class imposes no direct seman
Page 57 and 58: flow-specific queuing disciplines a
Page 59 and 60: 5.5 Routing Module and Classifier O
Page 61 and 62: Module NameRtModule/BaseRtModule/Mc
Page 63 and 64: $node neighborsThis returns the lis
Page 65 and 66: Linkhead_enqT_queue_ deqT_ link_ tt
Page 67: 6.2 ConnectorsConnectors, unlink cl
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 7Queue Management and Packe
Page 73 and 74: }}}void Queue::resume(){Packet* p =
Page 75 and 76: 7.3 Different types of Queue object
Page 77 and 78: maxidle_ is the maximum amount of t
Page 79 and 80: dst_ The destination address of pac
Page 81 and 82: 7.5.2 ConfigurationRunning a JoBS s
Page 83 and 84: mean_pkt_size_ Used to set the expe
Page 85 and 86: Demarker objects$q trace-file This
Page 87 and 88: The recv() method overrides the bas
Page 89 and 90: 9.2 ImplementationThe procedures an
Page 91 and 92: Average sending rateTSW window leng
Page 93 and 94: The following command adds an entry
Page 95 and 96: $qCE configQ 0 1 10 20 0.10Note tha
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 10AgentsAgents represent en
Page 99 and 100: CtrMcast/EncapCtrMcast/DecapMessage
Page 101 and 102: }bind("windowOption_", &wnd_option_
Page 103 and 104: hdr_flags* nf = (hdr_flags*)npkt->a
Page 105 and 106: public:ECHO_Timer(ECHO_Agent *a) :
Page 107 and 108: 10.6.4 Using the agent through OTcl
Page 109 and 110: State Variables are:dupacks_ Number
Page 111 and 112: $agent attach-tbf Attaches a token
Page 113 and 114: (void)Scheduler::instance().schedul
Page 115 and 116: * outstanding, cancel it.*/void Tcp
Page 117 and 118: Chapter 12Packet Headers and Format
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method is now obsolete; its usage i
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Packethdrsize_next_bits()points to
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the system’s memory allocator. In
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}incr hdrlen_ $incrreturn $baseFrom
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Chapter 13Error ModelThis chapter d
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SimpleLink::errormodule argsSimulat
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This is a simple example of how to
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Higher LayersNode 1Node 2. . .Node
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};void recv(Packet* p, Handler*);vi
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and the frame type. It then passes
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$ll_ set delay_ $delay$ll_ set band
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14.10 Commands at a glanceThe follo
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15.2.1 Default Hierarchical Setting
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Chapter 16Mobile Networking in nsTh
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entry_addrdemuxIP addressdefaulttar
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16.1.2 Creating Node movementsThe m
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set netif $netif_($t)set mac $mac_(
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the hardware address of a packet’
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destined to itself to the port dmux
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switch(ch->ptype()) {case PT_MAC:br
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16.1.7 Revised format for wireless
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Packet info at "Application level"
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The main problem facing the wired-c
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target_target_encapsulatorreg_agent
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why: This avoids header clashes bet
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This command is used to create a Go
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Chapter 17Satellite Networking in n
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in counter-rotating planes (where t
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• Position/Sat/Geo A geostationar
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$ns add-isl $ltype $node1 $node2 $b
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$satrouteobject_ compute_routeswher
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This will add an error model to the
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lh_firstnameobj‘‘name’’ is
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from routing agentto Node->entrySat
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$satnode add-isl This method c
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set prop [new Propagation/FreeSpace
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18.3.2 Using shadowing modelBefore
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Chapter 19Energy Model in nsEnergy
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Chapter 20Directed DiffusionThe dir
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However if we have a large and dens
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yr application in the ns context. T
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value of opt(pre-stop) is usually t
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21.2 Implementation of XCP in NSIn
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the persistent queue length in the
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Thruput2 0.054024 60000residue_pos_
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Chapter 22DelayBox: Per-Flow Delay
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$ns attach-agent $n_sink $sink# mak
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Chapter 23Changes made to the IEEE
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Part IIISupport214
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endenddocument pargvcPrint out argc
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24.4.2 Memory Conservation TipsSome
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Chapter 25Mathematical SupportThe s
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set run [lindex $argv 0]}if {$run <
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}$sizeRNG next-substream# print the
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protected:RNG* rng_;};Classes deriv
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ns-random is implemented in ~ns/mis
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Chapter 26Trace and Monitoring Supp
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The monitor-queue function is const
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also used to accumulate packet drop
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}name,th->size(),flags,iph->flowid(
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PT_TORA,PT_DSR,PT_AODV,// insert ne
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The QueueMonitor class is not deriv
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$ns_ trace-all This is the command
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Chapter 27Test Suite SupportThe ns
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... ...}$ns_ at $opt(stop).1 "$self
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Example: To enable debugging in Que
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Chapter 29Unicast RoutingThis secti
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Asymmetric Routing Asymmetric routi
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class RouteLogic This class defines
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— The procedure init-all{} is a g
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Global Actions Once the detailed ac
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This dumps next hop information in
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$ns mrtproto ST;# specify shared tr
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Dense Mode The Dense Mode protocol
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and unique label (id). Thus, “inc
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add-iif{ifid link},add-oif{link if}
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CtrMcastComp is the centralised mul
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$ns_ mrtproto This command specifi
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Chapter 31Network DynamicsThis chap
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v 0.8123 link-up 3 5v 0.8123 link-u
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The first argument is the time at w
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$ns_ rtmodel This command defines
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$ns set-address-format hierarchical
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32.4 Hierarchical Routing with Sess
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Chapter 33UDP Agents33.1 UDP Agents
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Chapter 34TCP AgentsThis section de
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set ns [new Simulator]set node1 [$n
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34.2.1 The Base TCP SinkThe base TC
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Agent/TCP/FullTcp set dupseg_fix_ t
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34.5 Tracing TCP DynamicsThe behavi
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Chapter 35SCTP AgentsThis chapter d
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Figure 35.1: Example of a Multihome
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Note: the actual value of these tra
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1.526624 1 4 sctp 1500 -------D 0 1
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$ns at 5.0 "finish"$ns run35.5.2 Mu
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Chapter 36Agent/SRMThis chapter des
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36.1.2 Other Configuration Paramete
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3.6274 n 0 m r 1 type repair servi
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3.6029 n 3 m r 2 Q NTIMER at 3.730
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36.4 Loss Detection—The Class SRM
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same packet. The repair objet does
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}hdr_asrm* seh = (hdr_asrm*) p->acc
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set grp [Node allocaddr]$srm set ds
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#set up the multicast routingDM set
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37.3 Architecture of the PLM Protoc
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We add in void PLMLossMonitor::recv
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Part VIApplication330
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Traffic generatorsApplication/Traff
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• recv(int nbytes)—Announces th
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1. EXPOO_Traffic—generates traffi
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set src [new Agent/UDP]set sink [ne
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Application FTP FTP objects produce
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send_data(ADU)Application(HttpApp,
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39.1.4 Transmitting user data over
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and teardown of connections. Only O
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TclObjectPagePoolPagePool/CompMathP
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PagePool/ProxyTrace takes these two
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}int id_; // object IDWebTrafSessio
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An Http/Server object waits for inc
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set tmp [new RandomVariable/Exponen
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Object Type Event Type Explaination
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Chapter 40Worm ModelIn this chapter
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$w local-p 0.5Following are some co
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(nsnode) clientcloudPackM ime(nsnod
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HTTP responsesclients servers Delay
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41.5 Commands at a GlanceThe follow
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• HTTP response size (bytes)• s
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Chapter 42Session-level Packet Dist
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42.1.2 Inserting a Loss ModuleWhen
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Delay and Loss Modules Each receive
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Chapter 43Asim: approximate analyti
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set n(1) [$ns node]set link(0:1) [$
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Part VIIIEmulation382
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When using the emulation mode, a sp
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set intf [$pf1 open readonly]puts "
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puts "install nets into taps..."$a0
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Chapter 45Nam45.1 IntroductionNam i
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• Button 6 (Chevron logo) - Close
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Second, when dealing with randomly
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dst_portaddr,seqno,flags,sname);A n
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• up• down• right• left•
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46.1.7 Agent TracingAgent trace eve
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v -t 1.0 -e node_tclscript 2 "Echo
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If nam ever gets to the end of an e
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l :link-t time-s source id-d des
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E :D :P :a :session enqueue-t time
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v :V :N :W :g :A :c :q :execute tcl
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$ns duplex-link-op orient right$ns
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Chapter 47Educational use of NS and
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Bibliography[1] C. Alaettinoğlu, A
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