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option available values defaultgeneraladdressType flat, hierarchical flatMPLS ON, OFF OFFboth satellite- and wireless-orientedwiredRouting ON, OFF OFFllType LL, LL/Sat ""macTypeMac/802_11, Mac/Csma/Ca, Mac/Sat,Mac/Sat/UnslottedAloha, Mac/Tdma ""ifqType Queue/DropTail, Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ""phyType Phy/WirelessPhy, Phy/Sat ""adhocRoutingwireless-orientedDIFFUSION/RATE, DIFFUSION/PROB, DSDV,DSR, FLOODING, OMNIMCAST, AODV, TORA ""propType Propagation/TwoRayGround, Propagation/Shadowing ""propInstance Propagation/TwoRayGround, Propagation/Shadowing ""antType Antenna/OmniAntenna ""channel Channel/WirelessChannel, Channel/Sat ""topoInstance ""mobileIP ON, OFF OFFenergyModel EnergyModel ""initialEnergy ""rxPower ""txPower ""idlePower ""agentTrace ON, OFF OFFrouterTrace ON, OFF OFFmacTrace ON, OFF OFFmovementTrace ON, OFF OFFerrProc UniformErrorProc ""FECProc ? ?toraDebug ON, OFF OFFsatellite-orientedsatNodeType polar, geo, terminal, geo-repeater ""downlinkBW ""Table 5.1: Available options for node configuration (see tcl/lib/ns-lib.tcl).class Classifier : public NsObject {public:~Classifier();void recv(Packet*, Handler* h = 0);protected:Classifier();void install(int slot, NsObject*);void clear(int slot);virtual int command(int argc, const char*const* argv);virtual int classify(Packet *const) = 0;void alloc(int);NsObject** slot_; /* table that maps slot number to a NsObject */int nslot_;int maxslot_;};51
The classify() method is pure virtual, indicating the class Classifier is to be used only as a base class. The alloc()method dynamically allocates enough space in the table to hold the specified number of slots. The install() and clear()methods add or remove objects from the table. The recv() method and the OTcl interface are implemented as follows in~ns/classifier.cc:/** objects only ever see "packet" events, which come either* from an incoming link or a local agent (i.e., packet source).*/void Classifier::recv(Packet* p, Handler*){NsObject* node;int cl = classify(p);if (cl < 0 || cl >= nslot_ || (node = slot_[cl]) == 0) {Tcl::instance().evalf("%s no-slot %d", name(), cl);Packet::free(p);return;}node->recv(p);}int Classifier::command(int argc, const char*const* argv){Tcl& tcl = Tcl::instance();if (argc == 3) {/** $classifier clear $slot*/if (strcmp(argv[1], "clear") == 0) {int slot = atoi(argv[2]);clear(slot);return (TCL_OK);}/** $classifier installNext $node*/if (strcmp(argv[1], "installNext") == 0) {int slot = maxslot_ + 1;NsObject* node = (NsObject*)TclObject::lookup(argv[2]);install(slot, node);tcl.resultf("%u", slot);return TCL_OK;}if (strcmp(argv[1], "slot") == 0) {int slot = atoi(argv[2]);if ((slot >= 0) || (slot < nslot_)) {tcl.resultf("%s", slot_[slot]->name());return TCL_OK;}tcl.resultf("Classifier: no object at slot %d", slot);return (TCL_ERROR);}} else if (argc == 4) {/*52
Page 6 and 7: 18 Radio Propagation Models 17718.1
Page 8 and 9: 30 Multicast Routing 25130.1 Multic
Page 10 and 11: 38.2.5 An example . . . . . . . . .
Page 12 and 13: X Other 40347 Educational use of NS
Page 14: # so, we lied. now, we define the t
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 2Undocumented FacilitiesNs
Page 19 and 20: Part IInterface to the Interpreter1
Page 21 and 22: • if you can do what you want by
Page 23 and 24: • tcl.result(const char* s)Pass t
Page 25 and 26: By convention in ns, the class Agen
Page 27 and 28: $object set bwvar 1500kb$object set
Page 29 and 30: For a C++ variable to be traceable,
Page 31 and 32: 3.5 Class TclClassThis compiled cla
Page 33 and 34: class Packet {......static int hdrl
Page 35 and 36: The actual arguments passed by the
Page 37 and 38: class TclClass (Section 3.5) define
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 4The Class SimulatorThe ove
Page 41 and 42: 4.2.2 the heap schedulerThe heap sc
Page 43 and 44: 4.4 Commands at a glanceSynopsis:ns
Page 45 and 46: $ns_ dumpqCommand for dumping event
Page 47 and 48: NODEPortClassifierAgentAgentAddrCla
Page 49 and 50: The Node instance variable, entry_,
Page 51: The default values for all the abov
Page 55 and 56: };The class imposes no direct seman
Page 57 and 58: flow-specific queuing disciplines a
Page 59 and 60: 5.5 Routing Module and Classifier O
Page 61 and 62: Module NameRtModule/BaseRtModule/Mc
Page 63 and 64: $node neighborsThis returns the lis
Page 65 and 66: Linkhead_enqT_queue_ deqT_ link_ tt
Page 67 and 68: 6.2 ConnectorsConnectors, unlink cl
Page 69 and 70: $ns_ link-lossmodel This function
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 7Queue Management and Packe
Page 73 and 74: }}}void Queue::resume(){Packet* p =
Page 75 and 76: 7.3 Different types of Queue object
Page 77 and 78: maxidle_ is the maximum amount of t
Page 79 and 80: dst_ The destination address of pac
Page 81 and 82: 7.5.2 ConfigurationRunning a JoBS s
Page 83 and 84: mean_pkt_size_ Used to set the expe
Page 85 and 86: Demarker objects$q trace-file This
Page 87 and 88: The recv() method overrides the bas
Page 89 and 90: 9.2 ImplementationThe procedures an
Page 91 and 92: Average sending rateTSW window leng
Page 93 and 94: The following command adds an entry
Page 95 and 96: $qCE configQ 0 1 10 20 0.10Note tha
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 10AgentsAgents represent en
Page 99 and 100: CtrMcast/EncapCtrMcast/DecapMessage
Page 101 and 102: }bind("windowOption_", &wnd_option_
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hdr_flags* nf = (hdr_flags*)npkt->a
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public:ECHO_Timer(ECHO_Agent *a) :
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10.6.4 Using the agent through OTcl
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State Variables are:dupacks_ Number
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$agent attach-tbf Attaches a token
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(void)Scheduler::instance().schedul
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* outstanding, cancel it.*/void Tcp
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Chapter 12Packet Headers and Format
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method is now obsolete; its usage i
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Packethdrsize_next_bits()points to
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the system’s memory allocator. In
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}incr hdrlen_ $incrreturn $baseFrom
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Chapter 13Error ModelThis chapter d
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SimpleLink::errormodule argsSimulat
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This is a simple example of how to
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Higher LayersNode 1Node 2. . .Node
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};void recv(Packet* p, Handler*);vi
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and the frame type. It then passes
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$ll_ set delay_ $delay$ll_ set band
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14.10 Commands at a glanceThe follo
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15.2.1 Default Hierarchical Setting
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Chapter 16Mobile Networking in nsTh
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entry_addrdemuxIP addressdefaulttar
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16.1.2 Creating Node movementsThe m
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set netif $netif_($t)set mac $mac_(
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the hardware address of a packet’
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destined to itself to the port dmux
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switch(ch->ptype()) {case PT_MAC:br
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16.1.7 Revised format for wireless
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Packet info at "Application level"
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The main problem facing the wired-c
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target_target_encapsulatorreg_agent
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why: This avoids header clashes bet
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This command is used to create a Go
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Chapter 17Satellite Networking in n
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in counter-rotating planes (where t
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• Position/Sat/Geo A geostationar
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$ns add-isl $ltype $node1 $node2 $b
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$satrouteobject_ compute_routeswher
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This will add an error model to the
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lh_firstnameobj‘‘name’’ is
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from routing agentto Node->entrySat
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$satnode add-isl This method c
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set prop [new Propagation/FreeSpace
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18.3.2 Using shadowing modelBefore
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Chapter 19Energy Model in nsEnergy
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Chapter 20Directed DiffusionThe dir
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However if we have a large and dens
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yr application in the ns context. T
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value of opt(pre-stop) is usually t
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21.2 Implementation of XCP in NSIn
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the persistent queue length in the
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Thruput2 0.054024 60000residue_pos_
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Chapter 22DelayBox: Per-Flow Delay
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$ns attach-agent $n_sink $sink# mak
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Chapter 23Changes made to the IEEE
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Part IIISupport214
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endenddocument pargvcPrint out argc
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24.4.2 Memory Conservation TipsSome
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Chapter 25Mathematical SupportThe s
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set run [lindex $argv 0]}if {$run <
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}$sizeRNG next-substream# print the
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protected:RNG* rng_;};Classes deriv
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ns-random is implemented in ~ns/mis
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Chapter 26Trace and Monitoring Supp
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The monitor-queue function is const
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also used to accumulate packet drop
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}name,th->size(),flags,iph->flowid(
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PT_TORA,PT_DSR,PT_AODV,// insert ne
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The QueueMonitor class is not deriv
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$ns_ trace-all This is the command
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Chapter 27Test Suite SupportThe ns
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... ...}$ns_ at $opt(stop).1 "$self
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Example: To enable debugging in Que
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Chapter 29Unicast RoutingThis secti
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Asymmetric Routing Asymmetric routi
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class RouteLogic This class defines
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— The procedure init-all{} is a g
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Global Actions Once the detailed ac
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This dumps next hop information in
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$ns mrtproto ST;# specify shared tr
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Dense Mode The Dense Mode protocol
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and unique label (id). Thus, “inc
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add-iif{ifid link},add-oif{link if}
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CtrMcastComp is the centralised mul
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$ns_ mrtproto This command specifi
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Chapter 31Network DynamicsThis chap
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v 0.8123 link-up 3 5v 0.8123 link-u
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The first argument is the time at w
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$ns_ rtmodel This command defines
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$ns set-address-format hierarchical
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32.4 Hierarchical Routing with Sess
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Chapter 33UDP Agents33.1 UDP Agents
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Chapter 34TCP AgentsThis section de
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set ns [new Simulator]set node1 [$n
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34.2.1 The Base TCP SinkThe base TC
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Agent/TCP/FullTcp set dupseg_fix_ t
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34.5 Tracing TCP DynamicsThe behavi
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Chapter 35SCTP AgentsThis chapter d
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Figure 35.1: Example of a Multihome
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Note: the actual value of these tra
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1.526624 1 4 sctp 1500 -------D 0 1
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$ns at 5.0 "finish"$ns run35.5.2 Mu
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Chapter 36Agent/SRMThis chapter des
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36.1.2 Other Configuration Paramete
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3.6274 n 0 m r 1 type repair servi
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3.6029 n 3 m r 2 Q NTIMER at 3.730
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36.4 Loss Detection—The Class SRM
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same packet. The repair objet does
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}hdr_asrm* seh = (hdr_asrm*) p->acc
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set grp [Node allocaddr]$srm set ds
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#set up the multicast routingDM set
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37.3 Architecture of the PLM Protoc
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We add in void PLMLossMonitor::recv
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Part VIApplication330
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Traffic generatorsApplication/Traff
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• recv(int nbytes)—Announces th
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1. EXPOO_Traffic—generates traffi
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set src [new Agent/UDP]set sink [ne
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Application FTP FTP objects produce
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send_data(ADU)Application(HttpApp,
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39.1.4 Transmitting user data over
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and teardown of connections. Only O
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TclObjectPagePoolPagePool/CompMathP
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PagePool/ProxyTrace takes these two
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}int id_; // object IDWebTrafSessio
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An Http/Server object waits for inc
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set tmp [new RandomVariable/Exponen
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Object Type Event Type Explaination
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Chapter 40Worm ModelIn this chapter
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$w local-p 0.5Following are some co
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(nsnode) clientcloudPackM ime(nsnod
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HTTP responsesclients servers Delay
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41.5 Commands at a GlanceThe follow
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• HTTP response size (bytes)• s
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Chapter 42Session-level Packet Dist
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42.1.2 Inserting a Loss ModuleWhen
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Delay and Loss Modules Each receive
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Chapter 43Asim: approximate analyti
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set n(1) [$ns node]set link(0:1) [$
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Part VIIIEmulation382
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When using the emulation mode, a sp
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set intf [$pf1 open readonly]puts "
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puts "install nets into taps..."$a0
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Chapter 45Nam45.1 IntroductionNam i
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• Button 6 (Chevron logo) - Close
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Second, when dealing with randomly
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dst_portaddr,seqno,flags,sname);A n
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• up• down• right• left•
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46.1.7 Agent TracingAgent trace eve
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v -t 1.0 -e node_tclscript 2 "Echo
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If nam ever gets to the end of an e
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l :link-t time-s source id-d des
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E :D :P :a :session enqueue-t time
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v :V :N :W :g :A :c :q :execute tcl
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$ns duplex-link-op orient right$ns
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Chapter 47Educational use of NS and
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Bibliography[1] C. Alaettinoğlu, A
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