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emove-all-packet-headers;add-packet-header IP TCP;set ns [new Simulator];$ns use-scheduler Heap;# removes all packet headers# adds TCP/IP headers# instantiate the Simulator# use the Heap scheduler# SETUP TOPOLOGY# create nodesset n(0) [$ns node]set n(1) [$ns node]# create link$ns duplex-link $n(0) $n(1) 10Mb 0ms DropTail# SETUP PACKMIMEset rate 15set pm [new PackMimeHTTP]$pm set-client $n(0);$pm set-server $n(1);$pm set-rate $rate;$pm set-http-1.1;# name $n(0) as client# name $n(1) as server# new connections per second# use HTTP/1.1# SETUP PACKMIME RANDOM VARIABLESglobal defaultRNG# create RNGs (appropriate RNG seeds are assigned automatically)set flowRNG [new RNG]set reqsizeRNG [new RNG]set rspsizeRNG [new RNG]# create RandomVariablesset flow_arrive [new RandomVariable/PackMimeHTTPFlowArrive $rate]set req_size [new RandomVariable/PackMimeHTTPFileSize $rate $CLIENT]set rsp_size [new RandomVariable/PackMimeHTTPFileSize $rate $SERVER]# assign RNGs to RandomVariables$flow_arrive use-rng $flowRNG$req_size use-rng $reqsizeRNG$rsp_size use-rng $rspsizeRNG# set PackMime variables$pm set-flow_arrive $flow_arrive$pm set-req_size $req_size$pm set-rsp_size $rsp_size# record HTTP statistics$pm set-outfile "data-test-packmime.dat"$ns at 0.0 "$pm start"$ns at 30.0 "$pm stop"$ns run367
41.5 Commands at a GlanceThe following commands on the PackMimeHTTP class can be accessed from OTcl:[new PackMimeHTTP]Creates a new PackMimeHTTP object.$packmime startStart generating connections$packmime stopStop generating new connections$packmime set-client Associates the node with the PackMimeHTTP client cloud$packmime set-server Associates the node with the PackMimeHTTP server cloud$packmime set-rate Set the average number of new connections started per second$packmime set-req_size Set the HTTP request size distribution$packmime set-rsp_size Set the HTTP response size distribution$packmime set-flow_arrive Set the time between two consecutive connections starting$packmime set-server_delay Set the web server delay for fetching pages$packmime set-run Set the run number so that the RNGs used for the random variables will use the same substream (see Chapter 25 on RNG formore details).$packmime get-pairsReturn the number of completed HTTP request-response pairs. See tcl/ex/packmime/pm-end-pairs.tcl for anexample of using get-pairs to end the simulation after a certain number of pairs have completed.$packmime set-TCP Sets the TCP type (Reno, Newreno, or Sack) for all connections in the client and server clouds - Reno is the defaultHTTP/1.1-Specific Commands$packmime set-http-1.1Use HTTP/1.1 distributions for persistent connections instead of HTTP/1.0.$packmime no-pm-persistent-reqszBy default, PackMime-HTTP sets all request sizes in a persistent connection to be the same. This option turns that behavioroff and samples a new request size from the request size distribution for each request in a persistent connection.368
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18 Radio Propagation Models 17718.1
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30 Multicast Routing 25130.1 Multic
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38.2.5 An example . . . . . . . . .
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X Other 40347 Educational use of NS
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# so, we lied. now, we define the t
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Chapter 2Undocumented FacilitiesNs
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Part IInterface to the Interpreter1
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• if you can do what you want by
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• tcl.result(const char* s)Pass t
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By convention in ns, the class Agen
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$object set bwvar 1500kb$object set
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For a C++ variable to be traceable,
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3.5 Class TclClassThis compiled cla
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class Packet {......static int hdrl
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The actual arguments passed by the
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class TclClass (Section 3.5) define
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Chapter 4The Class SimulatorThe ove
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4.2.2 the heap schedulerThe heap sc
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4.4 Commands at a glanceSynopsis:ns
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$ns_ dumpqCommand for dumping event
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NODEPortClassifierAgentAgentAddrCla
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The Node instance variable, entry_,
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The default values for all the abov
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The classify() method is pure virtu
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};The class imposes no direct seman
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flow-specific queuing disciplines a
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5.5 Routing Module and Classifier O
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Module NameRtModule/BaseRtModule/Mc
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$node neighborsThis returns the lis
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Linkhead_enqT_queue_ deqT_ link_ tt
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6.2 ConnectorsConnectors, unlink cl
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$ns_ link-lossmodel This function
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Chapter 7Queue Management and Packe
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}}}void Queue::resume(){Packet* p =
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7.3 Different types of Queue object
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maxidle_ is the maximum amount of t
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dst_ The destination address of pac
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7.5.2 ConfigurationRunning a JoBS s
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mean_pkt_size_ Used to set the expe
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Demarker objects$q trace-file This
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The recv() method overrides the bas
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9.2 ImplementationThe procedures an
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Average sending rateTSW window leng
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The following command adds an entry
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$qCE configQ 0 1 10 20 0.10Note tha
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Chapter 10AgentsAgents represent en
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CtrMcast/EncapCtrMcast/DecapMessage
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}bind("windowOption_", &wnd_option_
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hdr_flags* nf = (hdr_flags*)npkt->a
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public:ECHO_Timer(ECHO_Agent *a) :
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10.6.4 Using the agent through OTcl
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State Variables are:dupacks_ Number
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$agent attach-tbf Attaches a token
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(void)Scheduler::instance().schedul
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* outstanding, cancel it.*/void Tcp
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Chapter 12Packet Headers and Format
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method is now obsolete; its usage i
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Packethdrsize_next_bits()points to
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the system’s memory allocator. In
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}incr hdrlen_ $incrreturn $baseFrom
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Chapter 13Error ModelThis chapter d
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SimpleLink::errormodule argsSimulat
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This is a simple example of how to
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Higher LayersNode 1Node 2. . .Node
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};void recv(Packet* p, Handler*);vi
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and the frame type. It then passes
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$ll_ set delay_ $delay$ll_ set band
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14.10 Commands at a glanceThe follo
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15.2.1 Default Hierarchical Setting
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Chapter 16Mobile Networking in nsTh
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entry_addrdemuxIP addressdefaulttar
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16.1.2 Creating Node movementsThe m
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set netif $netif_($t)set mac $mac_(
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the hardware address of a packet’
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destined to itself to the port dmux
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switch(ch->ptype()) {case PT_MAC:br
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16.1.7 Revised format for wireless
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Packet info at "Application level"
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The main problem facing the wired-c
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target_target_encapsulatorreg_agent
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why: This avoids header clashes bet
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This command is used to create a Go
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Chapter 17Satellite Networking in n
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in counter-rotating planes (where t
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• Position/Sat/Geo A geostationar
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$ns add-isl $ltype $node1 $node2 $b
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$satrouteobject_ compute_routeswher
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This will add an error model to the
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lh_firstnameobj‘‘name’’ is
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from routing agentto Node->entrySat
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$satnode add-isl This method c
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set prop [new Propagation/FreeSpace
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18.3.2 Using shadowing modelBefore
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Chapter 19Energy Model in nsEnergy
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Chapter 20Directed DiffusionThe dir
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However if we have a large and dens
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yr application in the ns context. T
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value of opt(pre-stop) is usually t
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21.2 Implementation of XCP in NSIn
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the persistent queue length in the
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Thruput2 0.054024 60000residue_pos_
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Chapter 22DelayBox: Per-Flow Delay
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$ns attach-agent $n_sink $sink# mak
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Chapter 23Changes made to the IEEE
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Part IIISupport214
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endenddocument pargvcPrint out argc
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24.4.2 Memory Conservation TipsSome
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Chapter 25Mathematical SupportThe s
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set run [lindex $argv 0]}if {$run <
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}$sizeRNG next-substream# print the
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protected:RNG* rng_;};Classes deriv
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ns-random is implemented in ~ns/mis
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Chapter 26Trace and Monitoring Supp
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The monitor-queue function is const
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also used to accumulate packet drop
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}name,th->size(),flags,iph->flowid(
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PT_TORA,PT_DSR,PT_AODV,// insert ne
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The QueueMonitor class is not deriv
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$ns_ trace-all This is the command
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Chapter 27Test Suite SupportThe ns
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... ...}$ns_ at $opt(stop).1 "$self
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Example: To enable debugging in Que
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Chapter 29Unicast RoutingThis secti
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Asymmetric Routing Asymmetric routi
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class RouteLogic This class defines
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— The procedure init-all{} is a g
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Global Actions Once the detailed ac
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This dumps next hop information in
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$ns mrtproto ST;# specify shared tr
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Dense Mode The Dense Mode protocol
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and unique label (id). Thus, “inc
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add-iif{ifid link},add-oif{link if}
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CtrMcastComp is the centralised mul
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$ns_ mrtproto This command specifi
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Chapter 31Network DynamicsThis chap
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v 0.8123 link-up 3 5v 0.8123 link-u
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The first argument is the time at w
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$ns_ rtmodel This command defines
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$ns set-address-format hierarchical
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32.4 Hierarchical Routing with Sess
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Chapter 33UDP Agents33.1 UDP Agents
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Chapter 34TCP AgentsThis section de
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set ns [new Simulator]set node1 [$n
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34.2.1 The Base TCP SinkThe base TC
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Agent/TCP/FullTcp set dupseg_fix_ t
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34.5 Tracing TCP DynamicsThe behavi
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Chapter 35SCTP AgentsThis chapter d
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Figure 35.1: Example of a Multihome
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Note: the actual value of these tra
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1.526624 1 4 sctp 1500 -------D 0 1
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$ns at 5.0 "finish"$ns run35.5.2 Mu
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Chapter 36Agent/SRMThis chapter des
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36.1.2 Other Configuration Paramete
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3.6274 n 0 m r 1 type repair servi
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3.6029 n 3 m r 2 Q NTIMER at 3.730
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Page 319 and 320: same packet. The repair objet does
Page 321 and 322: }hdr_asrm* seh = (hdr_asrm*) p->acc
Page 323 and 324: set grp [Node allocaddr]$srm set ds
Page 325 and 326: #set up the multicast routingDM set
Page 327 and 328: 37.3 Architecture of the PLM Protoc
Page 329 and 330: We add in void PLMLossMonitor::recv
Page 331 and 332: Part VIApplication330
Page 333 and 334: Traffic generatorsApplication/Traff
Page 335 and 336: • recv(int nbytes)—Announces th
Page 337 and 338: 1. EXPOO_Traffic—generates traffi
Page 339 and 340: set src [new Agent/UDP]set sink [ne
Page 341 and 342: Application FTP FTP objects produce
Page 343 and 344: send_data(ADU)Application(HttpApp,
Page 345 and 346: 39.1.4 Transmitting user data over
Page 347 and 348: and teardown of connections. Only O
Page 349 and 350: TclObjectPagePoolPagePool/CompMathP
Page 351 and 352: PagePool/ProxyTrace takes these two
Page 353 and 354: }int id_; // object IDWebTrafSessio
Page 355 and 356: An Http/Server object waits for inc
Page 357 and 358: set tmp [new RandomVariable/Exponen
Page 359 and 360: Object Type Event Type Explaination
Page 361 and 362: Chapter 40Worm ModelIn this chapter
Page 363 and 364: $w local-p 0.5Following are some co
Page 365 and 366: (nsnode) clientcloudPackM ime(nsnod
Page 367: HTTP responsesclients servers Delay
Page 371 and 372: • HTTP response size (bytes)• s
Page 373 and 374: Chapter 42Session-level Packet Dist
Page 375 and 376: 42.1.2 Inserting a Loss ModuleWhen
Page 377 and 378: Delay and Loss Modules Each receive
Page 379 and 380: Chapter 43Asim: approximate analyti
Page 381 and 382: set n(1) [$ns node]set link(0:1) [$
Page 383 and 384: Part VIIIEmulation382
Page 385 and 386: When using the emulation mode, a sp
Page 387 and 388: set intf [$pf1 open readonly]puts "
Page 389 and 390: puts "install nets into taps..."$a0
Page 391 and 392: Chapter 45Nam45.1 IntroductionNam i
Page 393 and 394: • Button 6 (Chevron logo) - Close
Page 395 and 396: Second, when dealing with randomly
Page 397 and 398: dst_portaddr,seqno,flags,sname);A n
Page 399 and 400: • up• down• right• left•
Page 401 and 402: 46.1.7 Agent TracingAgent trace eve
Page 403 and 404: v -t 1.0 -e node_tclscript 2 "Echo
Page 405 and 406: If nam ever gets to the end of an e
Page 407 and 408: l :link-t time-s source id-d des
Page 409 and 410: E :D :P :a :session enqueue-t time
Page 411 and 412: v :V :N :W :g :A :c :q :execute tcl
Page 413 and 414: $ns duplex-link-op orient right$ns
Page 415 and 416: Chapter 47Educational use of NS and
Page 417 and 418: Bibliography[1] C. Alaettinoğlu, A
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