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PacketSize_ constant size of packets generated.burst_time_ average on time for generator.idle_time_ average off time for generator.rate_ sending rate during on time.Application/Traffic/Pareto Application/Traffic/Pareto objects generate On/Off traffic with burst times and idle times takenfrom pareto distributions. Configuration parameters are:PacketSize_ constant size of packets generated.burst_time_ average on time for generator.idle_time_ average off time for generator.rate_ sending rate during on time.shape_ the shape parameter used by pareto distribution.Application/Traffic/CBR CBR objects generate packets at a constant bit rate.$cbr startCauses the source to start generating packets.$cbr stopCauses the source to stop generating packets.Configuration parameters are:PacketSize_ constant size of packets generated.rate_ sending rate.interval_ (optional) interval between packets.random_ whether or not to introduce random noise in the scheduled departure times. defualt is off.maxpkts_ maximum number of packets to send.Application/Traffic/Trace Application/Traffic/Trace objects are used to generate traffic from a trace file. $trace attach-tracefiletfileAttach the Tracefile object tfile to this trace. The Tracefile object specifies the trace file from which the traffic data isto be read. Multiple Application/Traffic/Trace objects can be attached to the same Tracefile object. A random startingplace within the Tracefile is chosen for each Application/Traffic/Trace object.There are no configuration parameters for this object.A simulated application object can be of two types, Telnet and FTP.Application/Telnet TELNET objects produce individual packets with inter-arrival times as follows. If interval_ is non-zero,then inter-arrival times are chosen from an exponential distribution with average interval_. If interval_ is zero, theninter-arrival times are chosen using the "tcplib" telnet distribution.$telnet startCauses the Application/Telnet object to start producing packets.$telnet stopCauses the Application/Telnet object to stop producing packets.$telnet attach Attaches a Telnet object to agent.Configuration Parameters are:interval_ The average inter-arrival time in seconds for packets generated by the Telnet object.339
Application FTP FTP objects produce bulk data for a TCP object to send.$ftp startCauses the source to produce maxpkts_ packets.$ftp produce Causes the FTP object to produce n packets instantaneously.$ftp stopCauses the attached TCP object to stop sending data.$ftp attach agentAttaches a Application/FTP object to agent.$ftp producemore Causes the Application/FTP object to produce count more packets.Configuration Parameters are:maxpkts The maximum number of packets generated by the source.TRACEFILE OBJECTS Tracefile objects are used to specify the trace file that is to be used for generating traffic (see Application/Traffic/Traceobjects described earlier in this section). $tracefile is an instance of the Tracefile Object. $tracefilefilename Set the filename from which the traffic trace data is to be read to trace-input.There are no configuration parameters for this object. A trace file consists of any number of fixed length records. Each recordconsists of 2 32 bit fields. The first indicates the interval until the next packet is generated in microseconds. The secondindicates the length of the next packet in bytes.38.6 Commands at a glanceFollowing are some transport agent and application related commands commonly used in simulation scripts:set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]$ns_ attach-agent $node_(src) $tcp1set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]$ns_ attach-agent $node_(snk) $sink1$ns_ connect $tcp1 $sink1This creates a source tcp agent and a destination sink agent. Both the transport agents are attached to their resoective nodes.Finally an end-to-end connection is setup between the src and sink.set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]$ftp1 attach-agent $agentor set ftp1 [$agent attach-app FTP] Both the above commands achieve the same. An application (ftp in thisexample) is created and attached to the source agent. An application can be of two types, a traffic generator or a simulatedapplication. Types of Traffic generators currently present are: Application/Traffic/Exponential, Application/Traffic/Pareto,Application/Traffic/CBR, and Application/Traffic/Trace. See section 38.3 for details. Types of simulated applicationscurrently implemented are: Application/FTP and Application/Telnet. See section 38.4 for details.340
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18 Radio Propagation Models 17718.1
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30 Multicast Routing 25130.1 Multic
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38.2.5 An example . . . . . . . . .
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X Other 40347 Educational use of NS
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# so, we lied. now, we define the t
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Chapter 2Undocumented FacilitiesNs
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Part IInterface to the Interpreter1
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• if you can do what you want by
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• tcl.result(const char* s)Pass t
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By convention in ns, the class Agen
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$object set bwvar 1500kb$object set
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For a C++ variable to be traceable,
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3.5 Class TclClassThis compiled cla
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class Packet {......static int hdrl
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The actual arguments passed by the
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class TclClass (Section 3.5) define
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Chapter 4The Class SimulatorThe ove
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4.2.2 the heap schedulerThe heap sc
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4.4 Commands at a glanceSynopsis:ns
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$ns_ dumpqCommand for dumping event
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NODEPortClassifierAgentAgentAddrCla
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The Node instance variable, entry_,
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The default values for all the abov
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The classify() method is pure virtu
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};The class imposes no direct seman
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flow-specific queuing disciplines a
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5.5 Routing Module and Classifier O
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Module NameRtModule/BaseRtModule/Mc
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$node neighborsThis returns the lis
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Linkhead_enqT_queue_ deqT_ link_ tt
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6.2 ConnectorsConnectors, unlink cl
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$ns_ link-lossmodel This function
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Chapter 7Queue Management and Packe
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}}}void Queue::resume(){Packet* p =
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7.3 Different types of Queue object
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maxidle_ is the maximum amount of t
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dst_ The destination address of pac
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7.5.2 ConfigurationRunning a JoBS s
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mean_pkt_size_ Used to set the expe
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Demarker objects$q trace-file This
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The recv() method overrides the bas
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9.2 ImplementationThe procedures an
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Average sending rateTSW window leng
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The following command adds an entry
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$qCE configQ 0 1 10 20 0.10Note tha
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Chapter 10AgentsAgents represent en
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CtrMcast/EncapCtrMcast/DecapMessage
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}bind("windowOption_", &wnd_option_
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hdr_flags* nf = (hdr_flags*)npkt->a
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public:ECHO_Timer(ECHO_Agent *a) :
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10.6.4 Using the agent through OTcl
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State Variables are:dupacks_ Number
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$agent attach-tbf Attaches a token
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(void)Scheduler::instance().schedul
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* outstanding, cancel it.*/void Tcp
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Chapter 12Packet Headers and Format
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method is now obsolete; its usage i
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Packethdrsize_next_bits()points to
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the system’s memory allocator. In
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}incr hdrlen_ $incrreturn $baseFrom
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Chapter 13Error ModelThis chapter d
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SimpleLink::errormodule argsSimulat
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This is a simple example of how to
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Higher LayersNode 1Node 2. . .Node
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};void recv(Packet* p, Handler*);vi
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and the frame type. It then passes
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$ll_ set delay_ $delay$ll_ set band
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14.10 Commands at a glanceThe follo
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15.2.1 Default Hierarchical Setting
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Chapter 16Mobile Networking in nsTh
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entry_addrdemuxIP addressdefaulttar
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16.1.2 Creating Node movementsThe m
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set netif $netif_($t)set mac $mac_(
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the hardware address of a packet’
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destined to itself to the port dmux
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switch(ch->ptype()) {case PT_MAC:br
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16.1.7 Revised format for wireless
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Packet info at "Application level"
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The main problem facing the wired-c
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target_target_encapsulatorreg_agent
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why: This avoids header clashes bet
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This command is used to create a Go
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Chapter 17Satellite Networking in n
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in counter-rotating planes (where t
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• Position/Sat/Geo A geostationar
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$ns add-isl $ltype $node1 $node2 $b
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$satrouteobject_ compute_routeswher
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This will add an error model to the
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lh_firstnameobj‘‘name’’ is
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from routing agentto Node->entrySat
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$satnode add-isl This method c
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set prop [new Propagation/FreeSpace
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18.3.2 Using shadowing modelBefore
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Chapter 19Energy Model in nsEnergy
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Chapter 20Directed DiffusionThe dir
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However if we have a large and dens
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yr application in the ns context. T
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value of opt(pre-stop) is usually t
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21.2 Implementation of XCP in NSIn
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the persistent queue length in the
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Thruput2 0.054024 60000residue_pos_
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Chapter 22DelayBox: Per-Flow Delay
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$ns attach-agent $n_sink $sink# mak
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Chapter 23Changes made to the IEEE
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Part IIISupport214
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endenddocument pargvcPrint out argc
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24.4.2 Memory Conservation TipsSome
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Chapter 25Mathematical SupportThe s
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set run [lindex $argv 0]}if {$run <
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}$sizeRNG next-substream# print the
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protected:RNG* rng_;};Classes deriv
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ns-random is implemented in ~ns/mis
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Chapter 26Trace and Monitoring Supp
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The monitor-queue function is const
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also used to accumulate packet drop
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}name,th->size(),flags,iph->flowid(
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PT_TORA,PT_DSR,PT_AODV,// insert ne
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The QueueMonitor class is not deriv
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$ns_ trace-all This is the command
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Chapter 27Test Suite SupportThe ns
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... ...}$ns_ at $opt(stop).1 "$self
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Example: To enable debugging in Que
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Chapter 29Unicast RoutingThis secti
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Asymmetric Routing Asymmetric routi
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class RouteLogic This class defines
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— The procedure init-all{} is a g
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Global Actions Once the detailed ac
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This dumps next hop information in
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$ns mrtproto ST;# specify shared tr
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Dense Mode The Dense Mode protocol
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and unique label (id). Thus, “inc
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add-iif{ifid link},add-oif{link if}
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CtrMcastComp is the centralised mul
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$ns_ mrtproto This command specifi
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Chapter 31Network DynamicsThis chap
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v 0.8123 link-up 3 5v 0.8123 link-u
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The first argument is the time at w
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$ns_ rtmodel This command defines
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$ns set-address-format hierarchical
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32.4 Hierarchical Routing with Sess
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Chapter 33UDP Agents33.1 UDP Agents
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Page 297 and 298: 34.5 Tracing TCP DynamicsThe behavi
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Page 301 and 302: Figure 35.1: Example of a Multihome
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Page 317 and 318: 36.4 Loss Detection—The Class SRM
Page 319 and 320: same packet. The repair objet does
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Page 323 and 324: set grp [Node allocaddr]$srm set ds
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Page 331 and 332: Part VIApplication330
Page 333 and 334: Traffic generatorsApplication/Traff
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Page 359 and 360: Object Type Event Type Explaination
Page 361 and 362: Chapter 40Worm ModelIn this chapter
Page 363 and 364: $w local-p 0.5Following are some co
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Page 367 and 368: HTTP responsesclients servers Delay
Page 369 and 370: 41.5 Commands at a GlanceThe follow
Page 371 and 372: • HTTP response size (bytes)• s
Page 373 and 374: Chapter 42Session-level Packet Dist
Page 375 and 376: 42.1.2 Inserting a Loss ModuleWhen
Page 377 and 378: Delay and Loss Modules Each receive
Page 379 and 380: Chapter 43Asim: approximate analyti
Page 381 and 382: set n(1) [$ns node]set link(0:1) [$
Page 383 and 384: Part VIIIEmulation382
Page 385 and 386: When using the emulation mode, a sp
Page 387 and 388: set intf [$pf1 open readonly]puts "
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Chapter 45Nam45.1 IntroductionNam i
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• Button 6 (Chevron logo) - Close
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Second, when dealing with randomly
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dst_portaddr,seqno,flags,sname);A n
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• up• down• right• left•
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46.1.7 Agent TracingAgent trace eve
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v -t 1.0 -e node_tclscript 2 "Echo
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If nam ever gets to the end of an e
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l :link-t time-s source id-d des
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E :D :P :a :session enqueue-t time
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v :V :N :W :g :A :c :q :execute tcl
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$ns duplex-link-op orient right$ns
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Chapter 47Educational use of NS and
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Bibliography[1] C. Alaettinoğlu, A
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