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sessionFunction_ The algorithm used to generate session messages. Default is SRM/sessionsessionDelay_ The basic interval of session messages. Slight random variation is added to this interval to avoid globalsynchronization of session messages. User may want to adjust this variable according to their specific simulation.Default value is 1.0.C1_, C2_ The parameters which control the request timer. Refer to [8] for detail. The default value is C1_ = C2_ = 2.0.D1_, D2_ The parameters which control the repair timer. Refer to [8] for detail. The default value is D1_ = D2_ = 1.0.requestBackoffLimit_ The maximum number of exponential backoffs. Default value is 5.State Variables are:stats_ An array containing multiple statistics needed by adaptive SRM agent. Including: duplicate requests and repairs incurrent request/repair period, average number of duplicate requests and repairs, request and repair delay in currentrequest/repair period, average request and repair delay.SRM/ADAPTIVE OBJECTS SRM/Adaptive objects are a subclass of the SRM objects that implement the adaptive SRMreliable multicast transport protocol. They inherit all of the SRM object functionalities. State Variables are:(Refer to the SRM paper by Sally et al [Fall, K., Floyd, S., and Henderson, T., Ns Simulator Tests for Reno FullTCP. URLftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/papers/fulltcp.ps. July 1997.] for more detail.)pdistance_ This variable is used to pass the distance estimate provided by the remote agent in a request or repair message.D1_, D2_ The same as that in SRM agents, except that they are initialized to log10(group size) when generating the firstrepair.MinC1_, MaxC1_, MinC2_, MaxC2_ The minimum/maximum values of C1_ and C2_. Default initial values are definedin [8]. These values define the dynamic range of C1_ and C2_.MinD1_, MaxD1_, MinD2_, MaxD2_ The minimum/maximum values of D1_ and D2_. Default initial values are definedin [8]. These values define the dynamic range of D1_ and D2_.AveDups Higher bound for average duplicates.AveDelay Higher bound for average delay.eps AveDups -dups determines the lower bound of the number of duplicates, when we should adjust parameters to decreasedelay.36.9 Commands at a glanceThe following is a list of commands to create/manipulate srm agents in simulations:set srm0 [new Agent/SRM]This creates an instance of the SRM agent. In addition to the base class, two extensions of the srm agent have beenimplemented. They are Agent/SRM/Fixed and Agent/SRM/Adaptive. See section 36.7 for details about these extensions.ns_ attach-agent This attaches the srm agent instance to the given .321
set grp [Node allocaddr]$srm set dst_ $grpThis assigns the srm agent to a multicast group represented by the mcast address .Configuration parameters for srm agent may be set as follows:$srm set fid_ $srm set tg_ .. etcFor all possible parameters and their default values please lookup ns/tcl/mcast/srm.tcl and ns/tcl/mcast/srm-adaptive.tcl.set exp [new Application/Traffic/Exponential]$exp attach-agent $srmThis command attaches a traffic generator (an exponential one in this example), to the srm agent.$srm start; $exp startThese commands start the srm agent and traffic generator. Note that the srm agent and traffic generator have to be startedseparately. Alternatively, the traffic generator may be started through the agent as follows:$srm start-source.See ns/tcl/ex/srm.tcl for a simple example of setting up a SRM agent.322
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18 Radio Propagation Models 17718.1
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30 Multicast Routing 25130.1 Multic
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38.2.5 An example . . . . . . . . .
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X Other 40347 Educational use of NS
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# so, we lied. now, we define the t
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Chapter 2Undocumented FacilitiesNs
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Part IInterface to the Interpreter1
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• if you can do what you want by
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• tcl.result(const char* s)Pass t
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By convention in ns, the class Agen
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$object set bwvar 1500kb$object set
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For a C++ variable to be traceable,
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3.5 Class TclClassThis compiled cla
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class Packet {......static int hdrl
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The actual arguments passed by the
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class TclClass (Section 3.5) define
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Chapter 4The Class SimulatorThe ove
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4.2.2 the heap schedulerThe heap sc
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4.4 Commands at a glanceSynopsis:ns
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$ns_ dumpqCommand for dumping event
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NODEPortClassifierAgentAgentAddrCla
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The Node instance variable, entry_,
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The default values for all the abov
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The classify() method is pure virtu
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};The class imposes no direct seman
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flow-specific queuing disciplines a
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5.5 Routing Module and Classifier O
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Module NameRtModule/BaseRtModule/Mc
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$node neighborsThis returns the lis
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Linkhead_enqT_queue_ deqT_ link_ tt
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6.2 ConnectorsConnectors, unlink cl
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$ns_ link-lossmodel This function
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Chapter 7Queue Management and Packe
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}}}void Queue::resume(){Packet* p =
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7.3 Different types of Queue object
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maxidle_ is the maximum amount of t
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dst_ The destination address of pac
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7.5.2 ConfigurationRunning a JoBS s
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mean_pkt_size_ Used to set the expe
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Demarker objects$q trace-file This
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The recv() method overrides the bas
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9.2 ImplementationThe procedures an
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Average sending rateTSW window leng
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The following command adds an entry
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$qCE configQ 0 1 10 20 0.10Note tha
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Chapter 10AgentsAgents represent en
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CtrMcast/EncapCtrMcast/DecapMessage
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}bind("windowOption_", &wnd_option_
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hdr_flags* nf = (hdr_flags*)npkt->a
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public:ECHO_Timer(ECHO_Agent *a) :
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10.6.4 Using the agent through OTcl
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State Variables are:dupacks_ Number
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$agent attach-tbf Attaches a token
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(void)Scheduler::instance().schedul
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* outstanding, cancel it.*/void Tcp
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Chapter 12Packet Headers and Format
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method is now obsolete; its usage i
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Packethdrsize_next_bits()points to
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the system’s memory allocator. In
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}incr hdrlen_ $incrreturn $baseFrom
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Chapter 13Error ModelThis chapter d
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SimpleLink::errormodule argsSimulat
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This is a simple example of how to
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Higher LayersNode 1Node 2. . .Node
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};void recv(Packet* p, Handler*);vi
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and the frame type. It then passes
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$ll_ set delay_ $delay$ll_ set band
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14.10 Commands at a glanceThe follo
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15.2.1 Default Hierarchical Setting
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Chapter 16Mobile Networking in nsTh
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entry_addrdemuxIP addressdefaulttar
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16.1.2 Creating Node movementsThe m
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set netif $netif_($t)set mac $mac_(
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the hardware address of a packet’
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destined to itself to the port dmux
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switch(ch->ptype()) {case PT_MAC:br
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16.1.7 Revised format for wireless
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Packet info at "Application level"
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The main problem facing the wired-c
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target_target_encapsulatorreg_agent
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why: This avoids header clashes bet
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This command is used to create a Go
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Chapter 17Satellite Networking in n
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in counter-rotating planes (where t
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• Position/Sat/Geo A geostationar
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$ns add-isl $ltype $node1 $node2 $b
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$satrouteobject_ compute_routeswher
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This will add an error model to the
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lh_firstnameobj‘‘name’’ is
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from routing agentto Node->entrySat
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$satnode add-isl This method c
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set prop [new Propagation/FreeSpace
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18.3.2 Using shadowing modelBefore
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Chapter 19Energy Model in nsEnergy
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Chapter 20Directed DiffusionThe dir
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However if we have a large and dens
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yr application in the ns context. T
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value of opt(pre-stop) is usually t
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21.2 Implementation of XCP in NSIn
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the persistent queue length in the
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Thruput2 0.054024 60000residue_pos_
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Chapter 22DelayBox: Per-Flow Delay
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$ns attach-agent $n_sink $sink# mak
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Chapter 23Changes made to the IEEE
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Part IIISupport214
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endenddocument pargvcPrint out argc
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24.4.2 Memory Conservation TipsSome
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Chapter 25Mathematical SupportThe s
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set run [lindex $argv 0]}if {$run <
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}$sizeRNG next-substream# print the
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protected:RNG* rng_;};Classes deriv
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ns-random is implemented in ~ns/mis
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Chapter 26Trace and Monitoring Supp
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The monitor-queue function is const
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also used to accumulate packet drop
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}name,th->size(),flags,iph->flowid(
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PT_TORA,PT_DSR,PT_AODV,// insert ne
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The QueueMonitor class is not deriv
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$ns_ trace-all This is the command
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Chapter 27Test Suite SupportThe ns
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... ...}$ns_ at $opt(stop).1 "$self
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Example: To enable debugging in Que
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Chapter 29Unicast RoutingThis secti
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Asymmetric Routing Asymmetric routi
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class RouteLogic This class defines
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— The procedure init-all{} is a g
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Global Actions Once the detailed ac
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This dumps next hop information in
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$ns mrtproto ST;# specify shared tr
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Dense Mode The Dense Mode protocol
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and unique label (id). Thus, “inc
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add-iif{ifid link},add-oif{link if}
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Page 281 and 282: $ns_ rtmodel This command defines
Page 283 and 284: $ns set-address-format hierarchical
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Page 287 and 288: Chapter 33UDP Agents33.1 UDP Agents
Page 289 and 290: Chapter 34TCP AgentsThis section de
Page 291 and 292: set ns [new Simulator]set node1 [$n
Page 293 and 294: 34.2.1 The Base TCP SinkThe base TC
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Page 297 and 298: 34.5 Tracing TCP DynamicsThe behavi
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Page 301 and 302: Figure 35.1: Example of a Multihome
Page 303 and 304: Note: the actual value of these tra
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Page 307 and 308: $ns at 5.0 "finish"$ns run35.5.2 Mu
Page 309 and 310: Chapter 36Agent/SRMThis chapter des
Page 311 and 312: 36.1.2 Other Configuration Paramete
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Page 317 and 318: 36.4 Loss Detection—The Class SRM
Page 319 and 320: same packet. The repair objet does
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Page 327 and 328: 37.3 Architecture of the PLM Protoc
Page 329 and 330: We add in void PLMLossMonitor::recv
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Page 333 and 334: Traffic generatorsApplication/Traff
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Page 337 and 338: 1. EXPOO_Traffic—generates traffi
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Page 341 and 342: Application FTP FTP objects produce
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Page 345 and 346: 39.1.4 Transmitting user data over
Page 347 and 348: and teardown of connections. Only O
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Page 351 and 352: PagePool/ProxyTrace takes these two
Page 353 and 354: }int id_; // object IDWebTrafSessio
Page 355 and 356: An Http/Server object waits for inc
Page 357 and 358: set tmp [new RandomVariable/Exponen
Page 359 and 360: Object Type Event Type Explaination
Page 361 and 362: Chapter 40Worm ModelIn this chapter
Page 363 and 364: $w local-p 0.5Following are some co
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Page 367 and 368: HTTP responsesclients servers Delay
Page 369 and 370: 41.5 Commands at a GlanceThe follow
Page 371 and 372: • HTTP response size (bytes)• s
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Chapter 42Session-level Packet Dist
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42.1.2 Inserting a Loss ModuleWhen
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Delay and Loss Modules Each receive
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Chapter 43Asim: approximate analyti
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set n(1) [$ns node]set link(0:1) [$
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Part VIIIEmulation382
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When using the emulation mode, a sp
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set intf [$pf1 open readonly]puts "
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puts "install nets into taps..."$a0
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Chapter 45Nam45.1 IntroductionNam i
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• Button 6 (Chevron logo) - Close
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Second, when dealing with randomly
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dst_portaddr,seqno,flags,sname);A n
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• up• down• right• left•
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46.1.7 Agent TracingAgent trace eve
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v -t 1.0 -e node_tclscript 2 "Echo
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If nam ever gets to the end of an e
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l :link-t time-s source id-d des
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E :D :P :a :session enqueue-t time
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v :V :N :W :g :A :c :q :execute tcl
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$ns duplex-link-op orient right$ns
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Chapter 47Educational use of NS and
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Bibliography[1] C. Alaettinoğlu, A
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