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Returns the current BSR for the group.$ctrmcastcomp compute-mroutesThis recomputes multicast routes in the event of network dynamics or a change in unicast routes.Dense Mode The dense mode (DM) protocol can be run as PIM-DM (default) or DVMRP depending on the class variableCacheMissMode. There are no methods specific to this mcast protocol object. Class variables are:PruneTimeout Timeout value for prune state at nodes. defaults to 0.5sec.CacheMissMode Used to set PIM-DM or DVMRP type forwarding rules.Shared Tree There are no methods for this class. Variables are:RP_ RP_ indexed by group determines which node is the RP for a particular group.Bidirectional Shared Tree There are no methods for this class. Variable is same as that of Shared Tree described above.273
Chapter 31Network DynamicsThis chapter describes the capabilities in ns to make the simulation topologies dynamic. We start with the instance proceduresto the class Simulator that are useful to a simulation script (Section 31.1). The next section describes the internal architecture(Section 31.2), including the different classes and instance variables and procedures; the following section describes theinteraction with unicast routing (Section 31.3). This aspect of network dynamics is still somewhat experimental in ns. Thelast section of this chapter outlines some of the deficiencies in the current realization (Section 31.4) of network dynamics,some one or which may be fixed in the future.The procedures and functions described in this chapter can be found in ~ns/tcl/rtglib/dynamics.tcl and ~ns/tcl/lib/routeproto.tcl.31.1 The user level APIThe user level interface to network dynamics is a collection of instance procedures in the class Simulator, and one procedureto trace and log the dynamics activity. Reflecting a rather poor choice of names, these procedures are rtmodel,rtmodel-delete, and rtmodel-at. There is one other procedure, rtmodel-configure, that is used internally bythe class Simulator to configure the rtmodels just prior to simulation start. We describe this method later (Section 31.2).— The instance procedure rtmodel{} defines a model to be applied to the nodes and links in the topology. Someexamples of this command as it would be used in a simulation script are:$ns rtmodel Exponential 0.8 1.0 1.0 $n1$ns rtmodel Trace dynamics.trc $n2 $n3$ns rtmodel Deterministic 20.0 20.0 $node(1) $node(5)The procedure requires at least three arguments:• The first two arguments define the model that will be used, and the parameters to configure the model.The currently implemented models in ns are Exponential (On/Off), Deterministic (On/Off), Trace (driven), orManual (one-shot) models.• The number, format, and interpretation of the configuration parameters is specific to the particular model.1. The exponential on/off model takes four parameters: 〈[start time], up interval, down interval, [finish time]〉.〈start time〉 defaults to 0.5s. from the start of the simulation, 〈finish time〉 defaults to the end of the simulation.〈up interval〉 and 〈down interval〉 specify the mean of the exponential distribution defining the time that the274
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18 Radio Propagation Models 17718.1
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30 Multicast Routing 25130.1 Multic
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38.2.5 An example . . . . . . . . .
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X Other 40347 Educational use of NS
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# so, we lied. now, we define the t
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Chapter 2Undocumented FacilitiesNs
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Part IInterface to the Interpreter1
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• if you can do what you want by
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• tcl.result(const char* s)Pass t
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By convention in ns, the class Agen
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$object set bwvar 1500kb$object set
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For a C++ variable to be traceable,
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3.5 Class TclClassThis compiled cla
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class Packet {......static int hdrl
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The actual arguments passed by the
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class TclClass (Section 3.5) define
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Chapter 4The Class SimulatorThe ove
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4.2.2 the heap schedulerThe heap sc
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4.4 Commands at a glanceSynopsis:ns
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$ns_ dumpqCommand for dumping event
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NODEPortClassifierAgentAgentAddrCla
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The Node instance variable, entry_,
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The default values for all the abov
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The classify() method is pure virtu
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};The class imposes no direct seman
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flow-specific queuing disciplines a
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5.5 Routing Module and Classifier O
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Module NameRtModule/BaseRtModule/Mc
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$node neighborsThis returns the lis
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Linkhead_enqT_queue_ deqT_ link_ tt
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6.2 ConnectorsConnectors, unlink cl
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$ns_ link-lossmodel This function
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Chapter 7Queue Management and Packe
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}}}void Queue::resume(){Packet* p =
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7.3 Different types of Queue object
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maxidle_ is the maximum amount of t
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dst_ The destination address of pac
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7.5.2 ConfigurationRunning a JoBS s
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mean_pkt_size_ Used to set the expe
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Demarker objects$q trace-file This
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The recv() method overrides the bas
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9.2 ImplementationThe procedures an
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Average sending rateTSW window leng
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The following command adds an entry
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$qCE configQ 0 1 10 20 0.10Note tha
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Chapter 10AgentsAgents represent en
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CtrMcast/EncapCtrMcast/DecapMessage
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}bind("windowOption_", &wnd_option_
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hdr_flags* nf = (hdr_flags*)npkt->a
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public:ECHO_Timer(ECHO_Agent *a) :
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10.6.4 Using the agent through OTcl
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State Variables are:dupacks_ Number
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$agent attach-tbf Attaches a token
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(void)Scheduler::instance().schedul
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* outstanding, cancel it.*/void Tcp
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Chapter 12Packet Headers and Format
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method is now obsolete; its usage i
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Packethdrsize_next_bits()points to
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the system’s memory allocator. In
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}incr hdrlen_ $incrreturn $baseFrom
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Chapter 13Error ModelThis chapter d
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SimpleLink::errormodule argsSimulat
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This is a simple example of how to
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Higher LayersNode 1Node 2. . .Node
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};void recv(Packet* p, Handler*);vi
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and the frame type. It then passes
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$ll_ set delay_ $delay$ll_ set band
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14.10 Commands at a glanceThe follo
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15.2.1 Default Hierarchical Setting
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Chapter 16Mobile Networking in nsTh
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entry_addrdemuxIP addressdefaulttar
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16.1.2 Creating Node movementsThe m
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set netif $netif_($t)set mac $mac_(
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the hardware address of a packet’
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destined to itself to the port dmux
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switch(ch->ptype()) {case PT_MAC:br
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16.1.7 Revised format for wireless
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Packet info at "Application level"
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The main problem facing the wired-c
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target_target_encapsulatorreg_agent
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why: This avoids header clashes bet
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This command is used to create a Go
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Chapter 17Satellite Networking in n
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in counter-rotating planes (where t
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• Position/Sat/Geo A geostationar
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$ns add-isl $ltype $node1 $node2 $b
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$satrouteobject_ compute_routeswher
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This will add an error model to the
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lh_firstnameobj‘‘name’’ is
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from routing agentto Node->entrySat
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$satnode add-isl This method c
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set prop [new Propagation/FreeSpace
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18.3.2 Using shadowing modelBefore
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Chapter 19Energy Model in nsEnergy
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Chapter 20Directed DiffusionThe dir
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However if we have a large and dens
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yr application in the ns context. T
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value of opt(pre-stop) is usually t
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21.2 Implementation of XCP in NSIn
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the persistent queue length in the
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Thruput2 0.054024 60000residue_pos_
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Chapter 22DelayBox: Per-Flow Delay
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$ns attach-agent $n_sink $sink# mak
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Chapter 23Changes made to the IEEE
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Part IIISupport214
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endenddocument pargvcPrint out argc
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24.4.2 Memory Conservation TipsSome
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Chapter 25Mathematical SupportThe s
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Page 225 and 226: }$sizeRNG next-substream# print the
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Page 231 and 232: Chapter 26Trace and Monitoring Supp
Page 233 and 234: The monitor-queue function is const
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Page 245 and 246: Chapter 27Test Suite SupportThe ns
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Page 249 and 250: Example: To enable debugging in Que
Page 251 and 252: Chapter 29Unicast RoutingThis secti
Page 253 and 254: Asymmetric Routing Asymmetric routi
Page 255 and 256: class RouteLogic This class defines
Page 257 and 258: — The procedure init-all{} is a g
Page 259 and 260: Global Actions Once the detailed ac
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Page 263 and 264: $ns mrtproto ST;# specify shared tr
Page 265 and 266: Dense Mode The Dense Mode protocol
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Page 281 and 282: $ns_ rtmodel This command defines
Page 283 and 284: $ns set-address-format hierarchical
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Page 289 and 290: Chapter 34TCP AgentsThis section de
Page 291 and 292: set ns [new Simulator]set node1 [$n
Page 293 and 294: 34.2.1 The Base TCP SinkThe base TC
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Page 297 and 298: 34.5 Tracing TCP DynamicsThe behavi
Page 299 and 300: Chapter 35SCTP AgentsThis chapter d
Page 301 and 302: Figure 35.1: Example of a Multihome
Page 303 and 304: Note: the actual value of these tra
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Page 307 and 308: $ns at 5.0 "finish"$ns run35.5.2 Mu
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Page 311 and 312: 36.1.2 Other Configuration Paramete
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Page 317 and 318: 36.4 Loss Detection—The Class SRM
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#set up the multicast routingDM set
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37.3 Architecture of the PLM Protoc
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We add in void PLMLossMonitor::recv
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Part VIApplication330
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Traffic generatorsApplication/Traff
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• recv(int nbytes)—Announces th
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1. EXPOO_Traffic—generates traffi
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set src [new Agent/UDP]set sink [ne
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Application FTP FTP objects produce
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send_data(ADU)Application(HttpApp,
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39.1.4 Transmitting user data over
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and teardown of connections. Only O
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TclObjectPagePoolPagePool/CompMathP
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PagePool/ProxyTrace takes these two
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}int id_; // object IDWebTrafSessio
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An Http/Server object waits for inc
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set tmp [new RandomVariable/Exponen
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Object Type Event Type Explaination
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Chapter 40Worm ModelIn this chapter
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$w local-p 0.5Following are some co
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(nsnode) clientcloudPackM ime(nsnod
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HTTP responsesclients servers Delay
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41.5 Commands at a GlanceThe follow
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• HTTP response size (bytes)• s
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Chapter 42Session-level Packet Dist
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42.1.2 Inserting a Loss ModuleWhen
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Delay and Loss Modules Each receive
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Chapter 43Asim: approximate analyti
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set n(1) [$ns node]set link(0:1) [$
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Part VIIIEmulation382
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When using the emulation mode, a sp
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set intf [$pf1 open readonly]puts "
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puts "install nets into taps..."$a0
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Chapter 45Nam45.1 IntroductionNam i
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• Button 6 (Chevron logo) - Close
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Second, when dealing with randomly
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dst_portaddr,seqno,flags,sname);A n
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• up• down• right• left•
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46.1.7 Agent TracingAgent trace eve
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v -t 1.0 -e node_tclscript 2 "Echo
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If nam ever gets to the end of an e
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l :link-t time-s source id-d des
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E :D :P :a :session enqueue-t time
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v :V :N :W :g :A :c :q :execute tcl
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$ns duplex-link-op orient right$ns
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Chapter 47Educational use of NS and
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Bibliography[1] C. Alaettinoğlu, A
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