Le, H.H., Carlson, E.M., Chua, J.P. & Belcher, S.M. (2008). Bisphenol A is released frompolycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the neurotoxic actions of estrogen indeveloping cerebellar neurons. Toxicology Letters, 176, 149-156.Mouat, J., Lozano, R. L. & Bateson, H. (2010). Economic impacts of marine litter. KommunenesInternasjonale Miljøorganisasjon, Lerwick, Shetland, UK.Ofiara, D. D. & Brown, B. (1999). Assessment of economic losses to recreational activities from1988 marine pollution events and assessment of economic losses from long-termcontamination of fish within the New York Bight to New Jersey. <strong>Marine</strong> Pollution Bulletin38, 990-1004.Ocean Conservancy. (<strong>2014</strong>) International Coastal Cleanup - Top 10 Items Found. Available at:http://www.oceanconservancy.org/our-work/international-coastal-cleanup/<strong>2014</strong>-oceantrash-index.html.OSPAR. (2010). Guideline for Monitoring <strong>Marine</strong> Litter on the Beaches in the OSPAR. MaritimeArea. OSPAR Commission, ISBN 90-3631-973.Page, B., McKenzie, J., McIntosh, R., Baylis, A., Morrissey, A., Calvert, N., Haase, T., Berris, M.,Dowie, D., Shaughnessy, P.D., & Goldsworthy, D.D. (2004) Entanglement of Australian sealions and New Zealand fur seals in lost fishing gear and other marine debris before andafter Government and industry attempts to reduce the problem. <strong>Marine</strong> Pollution Bulletin49, 33-42.Pemberton, D., Brothers, N.P. & Kirkwood, R. (1992) Entanglement of Australian Fur Seals in Manmadedebris in Tasmanian Waters. Wildlife Research 19, 151-159.Reisser J, Shaw, J., Hallegraeff, G., Proietti, M., Barnes, D., Thums, M., Wilcox, C., Hardesty, B.D. &Pattiaratchi, C. (<strong>2014</strong>). Millimeter-sized marine plastics: a new pelagic habitat for78 | Understanding the effects of marine debris on wildlife
microorganisms and invertebrates. PLoS ONE 9(6): e100289.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100289.Reisser J., Shaw, J., Wilcox, C., Hardesty, B.D., Proietti, M., Thums, M., & Pattiaratchi, C. (2013). <strong>Marine</strong>plastic pollution in waters around Australia: characteristics, concentrations and pathways. PLoSOne. 8(11): http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0080466.Rochman, C. M., Hoh, E., Kurobe, T., & Teh, S. J. (2013). Ingested plastic transfers hazardouschemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress. Scientific <strong>Report</strong>s 3:3263, DOI:10.1038/sreo03263.Rochman, C. M., Kurobe, T., Flores, I. & Teh, S. J. (<strong>2014</strong>). Early warning signs of endocrinedisruption in adult fish from the ingestion of polyethylene with and without sorbedchemical pollutants from the marine environment. Science of the Total Environment DOI:10.1016/ j.scitotenv.<strong>2014</strong>.06.051.Ryan, P.G. (1990). The marine plastic debris problem off southern Africa: types of debris, theirenvironmental effects, and control measures. In: Shomura, R.S., Godfrey, M.L., (Eds.),Proc. Second International Conference on <strong>Marine</strong> <strong>Debris</strong>. US Dept Commerce. NOAATech. Mem., NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC- 154, pp. 85– 102.Schulz, M., Neumann, D., Fleet, D. M. & Matthies, M. (2013). A multi-criteria evaluation system formarine litter pollution based on statistical analyses of OSPAR beach litter monitoring timeseries. <strong>Marine</strong> Environmental Research 92, 61-70.Schuyler, Q, Hardesty, B.D., Wilcox, C. & Townsend, K. (2013). A global analysis of anthropogenicdebris ingestion by sea turtles. Conservation Biology 28, 129-139.Schuyler, Q, Townsend, K., Wilcox, C., Hardesty, B.D. & Marshall, J. (<strong>2014</strong>). <strong>Marine</strong> debris througha turtle-eyed view. BMC Ecology http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6785/14/14.Hardesty et al. (<strong>2014</strong>) | 79
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OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERIC FLAGSHIPUnde
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Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ..
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FiguresFigure 1. Map depicting the
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AcknowledgmentsThis work was co-fun
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capacity and networks for educators
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Part IIntroductionMarine debris pos
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Figure 1. Map depicting the initial
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entanglement in derelict fishing ge
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What is next for the marine debris
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In year one of the project we carri
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encompassed the largest geographic
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fishing). Further information on th
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debris ingested by turtles to the d
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Some of our major research findings
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Part VSources, Distribution and Fat
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terrestrial sources to coastal debr
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component gives a measure of the re
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Wealth from Oceans FlagshipCitation
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List of FiguresFigure 1. Map showin
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3 Accomplishments and achievements
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The map (below,) shows the relative
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3.3 National data portal (improveme
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2MCE radio. Indigenous rangers and
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Appendix E. Instructions for data e
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CONTACT USt 1300 363 400+61 3 9545