Marine Debris Project Final Report 2014

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Figure 13. The relative abundance of marine debris of different size classes found during citizen science transectsand emu parades compared with transects by project staff.Survey cost analysisThe greatest training effort was undertaken on adult teachers, especially those who participated inweek-long TeachWild expeditions. Participants in intensive expeditions carried out the greatestnumber of surveys and the conducted the highest mean daily number of surveys of the citizenscience groups. The total time cost for the groups that participated in intensive excursions wasmuch greater than that for the single day training. Scientists were the most efficient survey group(0.8.person-day -1 ) followed by secondary school students (0.6 person-day -1 ).DiscussionThe aim of citizen science project was to gather more data to strengthen the scientific outputs andalso to raise awareness of a global issue. The volunteers performed four tasks successfully. Firstlythey identified and mapped out relevant transect areas. Secondly they were able to find the52 | Understanding the effects of marine debris on wildlife
marine debris. Thirdly they learned to recognised and accurately identify categories of marinedebris within these transects. And finally they were able to provide accurate and reliable data thatthey could enter into the National Marine Debris database. These tasks enhanced their knowledgeand raised awareness on the issue of marine debris. For this study it was imperative to keep thesampling methodology simple so that volunteers could easily follow instructions and that the taskswere achievable and realistic. Training was also instrumental in ensuring reliability andrepeatability of this data. The results of our study suggest that scientists are more time efficient atsurveying marine debris than citizen scientists, while primary and secondary school studentsappear to be of similar efficiency as adults. However, the results illustrated in Figures 9 and 10highlight the significant differences between primary and secondary students in terms of debrisdetected, which may be thought of as accuracy.For Emu parade surveys, secondary school students detected a significantly lower density ofmarine debris than all other groups (Figure 10), while primary schools students detected debris atnearly seven-times the rate of all other groups. Anecdotally we observed that teenage (secondary)students were sometimes less engaged in the survey process, subject to more peer distractionsand more frequently required refocusing on the objectives and tasks at hand. These effects mayhave contributed to the lower density of marine debris detected by these age groups. In contrast,the higher density of marine debris detected by primary students on Emu parade surveys may beattributed to their general enthusiasm and positive response toward adult supervision(particularly by trained teachers, Figure 12), but also (in their enthusiasm) perhaps the tendency tobob-down and look more closely at the beach surface and in doing so potentially detect moredebris items or even smaller size class of debris (Figure 13). Another influencing factor might bethe choice of location where citizen scientists undertook surveys – perhaps influenced by thenature of the task to seek areas of known or higher levels of marine debris. Figure 13 illustratesthat for size class 1, 2 and 3 items, scientists detected fewer items compared with public transects.It cannot be positively determined whether this is because public surveys were carried out in morepopulous areas where litter deposition may be higher, or whether citizen scientist surveyors maynot have always remained in a normal standing position (i.e. bending over to see more and/orscratch through sand to find more small debris items).Hardesty et al. (2014) | 53
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OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERIC FLAGSHIPUnde
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Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ..
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FiguresFigure 1. Map depicting the
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AcknowledgmentsThis work was co-fun
Page 10 and 11: capacity and networks for educators
Page 12 and 13: Part IIntroductionMarine debris pos
Page 14 and 15: Figure 1. Map depicting the initial
Page 16 and 17: entanglement in derelict fishing ge
Page 18 and 19: What is next for the marine debris
Page 20 and 21: In year one of the project we carri
Page 22 and 23: encompassed the largest geographic
Page 24 and 25: fishing). Further information on th
Page 26 and 27: debris ingested by turtles to the d
Page 28 and 29: Some of our major research findings
Page 30 and 31: Part VSources, Distribution and Fat
Page 32 and 33: terrestrial sources to coastal debr
Page 34 and 35: component gives a measure of the re
Page 36 and 37: Figure 4. Debris density along the
Page 38 and 39: Figure 6. Map showing locations of
Page 40 and 41: Part VIThreat to Wildlife6. Overvie
Page 42 and 43: In order to facilitate an assessmen
Page 44 and 45: As human population growth continue
Page 46 and 47: Entanglements were primarily observ
Page 48 and 49: Part VIICitizen Science7. OverviewI
Page 50 and 51: immersion in a hands-on learning en
Page 52 and 53: Citizen science coastal surveysTran
Page 54 and 55: Figure 8. Map of Australia showing
Page 56 and 57: Figure 9. The mean density (items.m
Page 58 and 59: Sample sizes for all groups was low
Page 62 and 63: It might be argued that survey task
Page 64 and 65: 8.2 Container Deposit: an effective
Page 66 and 67: experimentally, termed a before-aft
Page 68 and 69: collaboration with Ghostnets Austra
Page 70 and 71: Analysis of this survey data sugges
Page 72 and 73: volunteer clean up data. The survey
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Page 76 and 77: Part IXScience Communication9. Over
Page 78 and 79: Inquirer News - http://newsinfo.inq
Page 80 and 81: http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/
Page 82 and 83: 13. Schuyler, Q, K Townsend, C Wilc
Page 84 and 85: Department of the Environment, W.,
Page 86 and 87: Le, H.H., Carlson, E.M., Chua, J.P.
Page 88 and 89: Schuyler, Q, K Townsend, BD Hardest
Page 90 and 91: Wilcox, C., Hardesty, B.D., Sharple
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Wealth from Oceans FlagshipCitation
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List of FiguresFigure 1. Map showin
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AcknowledgementsThis work is co-fun
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- Engage with industries contributi
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3 Accomplishments and achievements
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The map (below,) shows the relative
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Figure 4. Map showing locations of
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3.3 National data portal (improveme
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similar analysis to that described
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Figure 9. Tracks of turtle movement
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- Had their ghost nets marine debri
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2MCE radio. Indigenous rangers and
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In association with our Conservatio
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4 Anticipated achievements in Year
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Appendix E. Instructions for data e
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9) To enter your collection data, c
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3) Enter in the ‘surveyor details
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10) To enter your collection data,
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Appendix G. Marine Plastic Pollutio
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Appendix I. Global research priorit
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Appendix J. To Eat or not to Eat? D
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Appendix L. Mistaken identity? Visu
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Appendix Q. CSIRO marine debris pro
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CONTACT USt 1300 363 400+61 3 9545
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