Marine Debris Project Final Report 2014

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AcknowledgementsThis work is co-funded by Shell Australia’s National Social Investment Program and the CSIRO Wealth fromOceans National Flagship.Key CSIRO staff contributing to this project include TJ Lawson, Matt Lansdell, Tonya van der Velde, DavidMilton and Marg Miller. Without their knowledge, excellence and dedication we could not achieve theoutcomes we achieve. Whether in project planning, carrying out fieldwork, engaging with students,building databases, sharing knowledge – they rise to every occasion and keep work fun.We are also grateful to the numerous students, teachers, educators and other citizen scientists who havebeen interested in this project and who have contributed their time and efforts to the work. Finally, itwould be remiss to not mention Geraldine Davis and her dedication to TeachWild. As always, it has been apleasure working together this year.Page | 222
1 OverviewMarine debris poses a global threat to biodiversity of immense proportion. For instance, more than sixmillion tons of fishing gear alone is lost in the ocean each year (Derraik, 2002). Despite this staggeringamount of marine waste, fishing gear forms only a small percentage of the total volume of debris in theocean, not even making the list of the top 10 most common items found during coastal clean-up operations(Ocean Conservancy, 2012). The impacts of this threat on biodiversity are both broad and deep. Marinedebris has been reported to have direct impacts on invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, andmammals (Good et al., 2010). These impacts are known to be a significant threat to the persistence ofseveral threatened or endangered marine species, and likely to be affecting many others. For example, upto 40,000 fur seals are killed each year by entanglement in debris (Derraik, 2002) and entanglement andingestion are major causes of population decline for some marine mammals. Finally, the impacts fromdebris in the marine environment are rapidly intensifying, as the volume of refuse humans release intomarine systems is growing at an exponential rate.The goal of our research in this project is to develop a national risk assessment for wildlife species that areaffected by marine debris, addressing a topic (marine debris) that has been identified as a ‘key threateningprocess’ to wildlife in Australia. The project integrates field, modelling, genetic and biochemical markerapproaches to understand the impact of marine debris on fauna at the national scale. One of the criticalaspects of this work is that we collaborate and engage heavily with school groups to promote scienceeducation and learning through a timely and relevant topic that is part of the national science curriculum,fitting in with maths, chemistry, physics, biology, oceanography and other parts of the national curriculum.This project seeks to answer four fundamental questions:1) What are the sources, distribution, and ultimate fate of marine debris?2) What is the exposure of marine wildlife to debris?3) When wildlife are exposed to debris, what factors determine whether animals ingest or areentangled by debris?4) What is the effect of ingestion or entanglement on marine wildlife populations?In 2011, a three year partnership was entered into by Shell, Earthwatch Australia and CSIRO with a goal ofaddressing the four fundamental questions listed above.Our overall aims are to:- Carry out a nation-wide risk analysis completed for focal species across multiple taxa- See increased science learning and uptake for individuals, schools, communities and industry acrossthe country- Inform policy decisions based upon sound science- Develop a priority list of ‘at risk’ species based upon distribution, encounter and impact of debrisPage | 223
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OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERIC FLAGSHIPUnde
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Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ..
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FiguresFigure 1. Map depicting the
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AcknowledgmentsThis work was co-fun
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capacity and networks for educators
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Part IIntroductionMarine debris pos
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Figure 1. Map depicting the initial
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entanglement in derelict fishing ge
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What is next for the marine debris
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In year one of the project we carri
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encompassed the largest geographic
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fishing). Further information on th
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debris ingested by turtles to the d
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Some of our major research findings
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Part VSources, Distribution and Fat
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terrestrial sources to coastal debr
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component gives a measure of the re
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Figure 4. Debris density along the
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Figure 6. Map showing locations of
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Part VIThreat to Wildlife6. Overvie
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In order to facilitate an assessmen
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As human population growth continue
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Entanglements were primarily observ
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Part VIICitizen Science7. OverviewI
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immersion in a hands-on learning en
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Citizen science coastal surveysTran
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Figure 8. Map of Australia showing
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Figure 9. The mean density (items.m
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Sample sizes for all groups was low
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Figure 13. The relative abundance o
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It might be argued that survey task
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8.2 Container Deposit: an effective
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experimentally, termed a before-aft
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collaboration with Ghostnets Austra
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Analysis of this survey data sugges
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volunteer clean up data. The survey
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CSIRO has investigated the potentia
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Part IXScience Communication9. Over
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Inquirer News - http://newsinfo.inq
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http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/
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13. Schuyler, Q, K Townsend, C Wilc
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Department of the Environment, W.,
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Le, H.H., Carlson, E.M., Chua, J.P.
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Schuyler, Q, K Townsend, BD Hardest
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Wilcox, C., Hardesty, B.D., Sharple
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84 | Understanding the effects of m
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Appendix C. Understanding the effec
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102 | Understanding the effects of
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Page 226 and 227: Wealth from Oceans FlagshipCitation
Page 228 and 229: List of FiguresFigure 1. Map showin
Page 232 and 233: - Engage with industries contributi
Page 234 and 235: 3 Accomplishments and achievements
Page 236 and 237: The map (below,) shows the relative
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Page 242 and 243: similar analysis to that described
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Page 250 and 251: In association with our Conservatio
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Page 260 and 261: 9) To enter your collection data, c
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Page 266 and 267: 10) To enter your collection data,
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Appendix I. Global research priorit
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Appendix J. To Eat or not to Eat? D
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Appendix L. Mistaken identity? Visu
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Appendix Q. CSIRO marine debris pro
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CONTACT USt 1300 363 400+61 3 9545
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