OTAR Parts 91 & 125 - Air Safety Support International

Part 91 RequirementPart 125RequirementSubpart A – General91.1 Applicability 125.1 Applicabilitya Unless stated otherwise, this Part applies to: Where the approval of the Governor is requiredfor general aviation operations using aircraftregistered in the Territory, the operator shall:1 the owner, or where an aircraft is leased, the lesseeof an aircraft registered in the Territory, whereversuch an aircraft may be; and2 all aircraft operating or navigating within theTerritory; andabhold an approval as described in Appendix A tothis Part; andensure that the requirements of Part 91 and thisPart are applied to:1 an aeroplane with MTOM exceeding 5,700 kg;2 an aeroplane equipped with one or more turbojetengines;3 the crew of all such aircraft. 3 an aeroplane with a maximum approvedpassenger seating configuration of more than 9;4 a helicopter with MTOM exceeding 3,175 kg;5 a helicopter with a maximum approved passengerseating configuration of more than 5;6 three or more aircraft operated by an operatorwith pilots employed or engaged for the purposeof flying the aircraft; or7 any other general aviation operation specified bythe Governor.Note 1: Additional requirements are applicable toGeneral Aviation operations involving aircraftregistered in the Territory of the classes or used inthe cases identified in OTAR Part 125.Note 2: Commercial air transport operationsinvolving aircraft registered in the Territory aresubject to the additional requirements in OTAR Parts119, 121 and 135, as applicable.Note 3: Commercial air transport operationsinvolving foreign-registered aircraft are subject topermission from the Secretary of State.91.5 Purpose 125.5 Purposea The requirements of this Part cover operation andpiloting of aircraft, the arrangements for the planningand preparation for flight, and the maintenance andequipment of aircraft.bThese Requirements constitute Instructions given bythe Governor under article 74 of the Air Navigation(Overseas Territories) Order 2013 (“the Order”) inexercise of his powers under section 57 of the CivilAviation Act 1949 as extended to the Territories bythe Civil Aviation Act 1949 (Overseas Territories)Order 1969. Failure to comply with theseInstructions may constitute an offence under and inaccordance with article 74 and the provisions ofarticle 185(1) of the Order. These Requirementsencompass and amplify many of the provisions of theOrder, including the Rules of the Air set out inSchedule 4 to the Order. Therefore, failure to complywith these Requirements may:aThese Requirements are not in themselves Law.Failure to comply may not constitute an offence.However, the Requirements repeat or reproducemany of the provisions of the Air Navigation(Overseas Territories) Order 2013 (“the Order”),including the Rules of the Air set out in Schedule4 to the Order. Therefore, failure to comply withthese Requirements may:1 constitute a breach of one or more provisions of the1 constitute a breach of one or more provisions ofOrder; andthe Order; and2 result in proceedings for breaches of the Order; or 2 result in proceedings for breaches of the Order;or3 result in the refusal of an application for renewal of3 result in the refusal of an application or renewalan approval, certificate or licence; orof an approval, certificate or licence; or4 result in action to suspend or revoke an approval,certificate or licence.4 result in action to suspend or revoke an approval,certificate or licence.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 1 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125c The Order establishes the basic legal obligationsgoverning the operation and piloting of aircraft, theplanning and preparation for flight and themaintenance and equipment of aircraft but specifiesthese obligations in rather general terms. Thereforearticle 5 of the Order requires the Governor topublish Requirements to augment, amplify and detailmore precisely the manner in which these obligationsshall be met. The Requirements are the means bywhich the operator of an aircraft or the pilot will beable to satisfy the Governor as to the fulfilment of theobligations in respect of the operation of an aircraftor their respective entitlement to hold an approval,permit, certificate or licence.bRequirementThe Order details the legal obligations governingparticular aviation operations. The Orderspecifies these obligations in rather generalterms, therefore there is a provision in article 5 tothe Order which requires the Governor to publishRequirements to augment, amplify and detailmore precisely the manner in which theseobligations shall be met. The Requirements arethe means by which the operator will be able tosatisfy the Governor as to the fulfilment of theobligations in respect of the activity or theirentitlement to hold a certificate, licence orapproval.dThe issue of an approval, permit, certificate orlicence indicates only that the holder is consideredcompetent to secure the safe operation of aircraft.The possession of such a document does not relievethe operator of an aircraft, or the pilot-in-command,from the responsibility for compliance with the Orderand any other legislation in force. Neither does itrelieve them of their responsibility for the safeconduct of any particular flight, as the ultimateresponsibility for the safety of flight operationsalways rests with the operator and the pilot-incommand.cThe issue of an approval indicates only that theholder is considered competent to secure the safeoperation of an aircraft. The possession of such adocument does not relieve the the operator of anaircraft, or the pilot-in-command, from theresponsibility for compliance with the Order andany other legislation in force. Neither does itrelieve them of their responsibility for the safeconduct of any particular flight, as the ultimateresponsibility for the safety of flight operationsalways rests with the operator and the pilot-incommand.91.10 Use of EnglishAll documentation, written communications and data(electronic or otherwise) for submission to theGovernor in support of an application for acertificate, licence or approval shall be provided inEnglish.91.15 Laws, requirements and procedures 125.15 Laws, requirements and proceduresabcThe holder of a certificate, licence, permit orapproval shall take reasonable care to ensure that allpersons employed, engaged, or contracted by theholder to perform safety-related activities, arefamiliar with and comply with the laws, regulationsand procedures necessary to the performance of theirduties.The pilot-in-command shall comply with the laws,regulations and procedures of those States in whichoperations are conducted.The pilot-in-command shall be familiar with thelaws, regulations and procedures, pertinent to theperformance of his or her duties, prescribed for theareas to be traversed, the aerodromes to be used andthe air navigation facilities relating thereto. The pilotin-command shall ensure that other members of theflight crew are familiar with such of these laws,regulations and procedures as are pertinent to theperformance of their respective duties in theoperation of the aircraft.abThe operator shall ensure that all flight crew arefamiliar with and comply with the laws,regulations and procedures necessary to a flight,including but not limited to the following:the appropriate provisions of the Order; andthe Overseas Territories Aviation Requirements;andcdeany applicable conditions on the operator’sapproval; andthe procedures specified in the operator’srequired documentation; andsuch laws, regulations and procedures that maybe relevant in those States in which the operationis to be conducted, including in particular thoseflight procedures and obstacle clearance criteriathat may differ from those established by PANS-OPS; andOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 2 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 12591.20 More stringent requirementsThe pilot-in-command of a Territory-registeredaircraft operating in:a a foreign state; orb international airspace under the control of a foreignState,shall comply with this Part unless the application of amore stringent operating and flight rule of that Stateor of that airspace is required.fRequirementprocedures required at any aerodrome planned tobe used as a destination or as an alternate, andprocedures for air navigation facilities relating tosuch aerodromes.91.25 Power to inspectThe holder of a certificate, licence, permit orapproval shall ensure that any person authorised bythe Governor is allowed to board an aircraft, unlessin the reasonable opinion of the pilot-in-command,the safety of the aircraft would thereby beendangered.91.30 Production of documentation and recordsa The holder of a certificate, licence, permit orapproval shall:1 give, any person authorised by the Governor, accessto any documentation relating to aircraft operationsand the safety of aircraft in flight; and2 produce all such documentation and records, whenrequested to do so by an authorised person, within areasonable period of time.b The pilot in command shall, within a reasonableperiod of time of being requested to do so by anauthorised person, produce to that person thedocumentation required to be carried on board.91.35 Aircraft airworthinessExcept as authorised by the Governor, an aircraftshall not fly unless:a it has a valid certificate of airworthiness issued bythe State of Registry; orb it has a valid Permit to Fly in accordance with OTARPart 21 Subpart P; andc the aircraft is operated in compliance with thatdocument.91.40 Aircraft flight manualAn aircraft shall be operated in compliance with theoperating limitations specified in the aircraft flightmanual, or an equivalent document approved by theGovernor.91.45 Documents to be carried 125.45 Documents to be carrieda A flight shall not be commenced unless the followingdocuments are carried:a Notwithstanding 91.45, the operator shall ensurethat the following documents are carried on eachflight:1 the valid certificate of airworthiness; and 1 the valid certificate of airworthiness; and2 the flight crew licences of each member of the flightcrew; and2 the flight crew licences of each member of theflight crew; and3 the aircraft radio station licence; and 3 the aircraft radio station licence; and4 a noise certification document, if applicable; and 4 a noise certification document, if applicable; and5 a copy of any approvals, permissions, authorisationsor exemptions relevant to the flight; and6 a certified true copy of any transfer agreement underArticle 83 bis of the Chicago Convention; and7 for an international flight:i certificate of registration; andii the journey log book or equivalent record; and5 a copy of any approvals, permissions,authorisations or exemptions relevant to theflight; and6 a certified true copy of any transfer agreementunder Article 83 bis of the Chicago Convention;and7 certificate of registration; and8 the journey log book or equivalent record; andOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 3 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirementb Where such documents as required by paragraphs(a)(1), (a)(4) and (7)(i) are written in a languageother than English, an English translation shall beprovided.b Where such documents as required byparagraphs (a)(1), (a)(4) and (7) are written in alanguage other than English, an Englishtranslation shall be provided.c Before any flight is commenced the pilot-incommandshall ensure that the documents listed in(a) are in force and will remain so for the duration ofthe flight.c Before any flight is commenced the pilot-incommandshall ensure that the documents listedin (a) are in force and will remain so for theduration of the flight.d The documents required by (a) shall be carried oneach flight except that:d The documents required by (a) shall be carried oneach flight except that:1 where the flight is intended to begin and end at thesame aerodrome; and1 where the flight is intended to begin and end atthe same aerodrome; and2 the aerodrome is located in a Territory; and 2 the aerodrome is located in a Territory; and3 the planned flight does not include passage over theterritory of any other State3 the planned flight does not include passage overthe territory of any other Statethe documents listed at (a) may be kept at theaerodrome of departure instead of being carried inthe aircraft.the documents listed at (a) may be kept at theaerodrome of departure instead of being carriedin the aircraft.91.50 2 Manuals to be carried 125.50 Manuals to be carriedaA flight shall not be commenced unless the followingmanuals are carried:1 the flight manual for the aircraft, or equivalentdocument.aNotwithstanding 91.50, the operator shall ensurethat the following manuals are carried on eachflight:1 the flight manual for the aircraft, or equivalentdocument; and2 the operations manual, or those parts of it thatapply to flight operations.91.55 Additional information and forms to be carried 125.55 Additional information and forms to becarrieda A flight shall not be commenced unless the followingadditional information or forms are carried:a Notwithstanding 91.55, the operator shall ensurethat the following additional information or formsare carried on each flight:1 such documentation as will enable the pilot-incommandto record operational information; andNote: This may include items such as the operationalflight plan, aircraft technical log etc.2 for an international flight, passenger and cargomanifests; and3 current and suitable charts to cover the route of theproposed flight and any route along which it isreasonable to expect that the flight may be diverted;andNote: Charts may be any approved representation.4 essential data relating to the search and rescuefacilities in the areas in which the flight will beoperated including the ground-air signal codes; and5 for an international flight, a copy of the notifiedprocedures to be followed by the pilot-in-commandof an intercepted aircraft, and the notified visualsignals for use by intercepting and interceptedaircraft.91.60 Correcting lensesAny flight crew member assessed as fit to exercisethe privileges of a licence subject to the use ofsuitable correcting lenses, shall have a spare set ofspectacles readily available when exercising thoseprivileges.91.65 Radio licences1 the operational flight plan; and2 the technical log; and3 details of the filed ATS flight plan; and4 NOTAM and AIS briefing informationappropriate to the operation; and5 meteorological information appropriate to theoperation; and6 passenger and cargo manifests; and7 notification of any dangerous goods; and8 current and suitable charts to cover the route ofthe proposed flight and any route along which itis reasonable to expect that the flight may bediverted; andNote: Charts may be any approvedrepresentation.9 essential data relating to the search and rescuefacilities in the areas in which the flight will beoperated including the ground-air signal codes;and10 a copy of the notified procedures to be followedby the pilot-in-command of an interceptedaircraft, and the notified visual signals for use byintercepting and intercepted aircraft.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 4 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Where an aircraft is fitted with radio transmittingequipment, such equipment shall be operated only bycrew members who are appropriately qualified.Requirement91.70 Ground operation of aircrafta An aeroplane shall not be taxied on the movementarea of an aerodrome unless the person at thecontrols is an appropriately qualified pilot or:1 has been duly authorised and briefed by the operator;2 is fully competent to taxi the aeroplane3 is qualified to use the radio telephone if radiocommunications are required; and4 has received instruction from a competent person inrespect of aerodrome layout, and where appropriate,information on routes, signs, marking, lights, ATCsignals and instructions, phraseology and procedures,and is able to conform to the operational standardsrequired for safe aeroplane movement at theaerodrome.b A helicopter rotor shall not be turned under power,for the purpose of flight, without a qualified pilot atthe controls.c A helicopter rotor shall not be turned under power,for other than purpose of flight unless the person atthe controls:1 has been duly authorised and briefed;2 has been provided with training and procedures to befollowed.91.75 Portable electronic devicesa No person may operate on any aircraft any mobile orcell phone, computer or otherelectronic device that is designed to transmit orcapable of transmitting electromagnetic energyotherwise than in accordance with the permission ofthe pilot-in-command of that aircraft.b Paragraph (a) shall not apply to:1 hearing aids; and2 heart pacemakers; and3 portable voice recorders; and4 electric shavers; and5 electronic watches; and6 any other portable electronic device if the operator orpilot-in-command of the aircraft hasdetermined that the said portable electronic device tobe used will not cause interferencewith any aircraft system or equipment of the aircrafton which it is used.91.80 Flight instruction and testingNo person shall give flight instruction in an aircraft,except a balloon, unless that aircraft is equipped withfully functioning dual controls.91.85 Common language 125.85 Common languageThe pilot-in-command shall ensure that:The operator shall ensure that:flight crew members demonstrate the ability to speakand understand the language used for aeronauticalradiotelephony communications as specified in ICAOAnnex 1.all crew members have the ability to speak andunderstand the English language to the extentnecessary for effective communication to occurbetween flight crew and other crew members.91.90 Information on emergency and survivalequipment carrieda The holder of a certificate, licence, permit orapproval shall have available, for immediatecommunication to rescue co-ordination centres,information on the emergency and survivalequipment carried on board each of its aircraft.125.90 Information on emergency and survivalequipment carriedThe operator shall have available, for immediatecommunication to rescue co-ordination centres,information on the emergency and survivalequipment carried on board each of its aircraft.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 5 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirementb For flights over-water the information shall, wheresuch equipment is carried, include:1 the number, colour, and type of life rafts; and2 type of pyrotechnics carried; and3 details of emergency medical supplies and watersupplies; and4 the type and operating frequencies of any emergencyportable radio equipment.91.95 Stowage of baggage and cargo 125.95 Stowage of baggage and cargoa Baggage or cargo shall not be carried in an aircraftunless it is:The operator shall specify procedures to ensurethat all baggage carried onto an aircraft and takeninto the passenger cabin is adequately andsecurely stowed.1 stowed and restrained in accordance with anyinstructions given in the aircraft flight manual; andb2 packaged to avoid injury to any person on board.The pilot-in-command shall not permit any baggageor cargo carried to:1 exceed the load limitation for the seats, berths, orfloor structure as prescribed by the aircraft flightmanual, or by placards; or2 be located in a position that restricts the access to oruse of any required emergency exit; or3 be located in a position where it may restrict accessto any flight control or part of the aircraft cockpit, ormay restrict visibility of any flight instrument.91.100 Carriage of dangerous goods 125.100 Carriage of dangerous goodsDangerous goods shall not be loaded on or carried inan aircraft unless:The operator shall ensure that no dangerousgoods are loaded or carried on an aircraft exceptin accordance with the approved procedures.asuch dangerous goods are carried in accordance withthe approval in writing of the Governor; andb the conditions of carriage of dangerous goods meetthe requirements of OTAR Part 92.91.105 Carriage of weapons and munitions of war 125.105 Carriage of weapons and munitions of waraA flight carrying weapons or munitions of war shallbe commenced only:The operator shall ensure that no weapons andmunitions of war are carried on an aircraft exceptin accordance with approved procedures.1 with the written permission of the Governor and inaccordance with any conditions contained in thepermission; and2 provided that details in writing of the:i type, mass or quantity of any such weapon ormunitions; andii any conditions of the permission for carriage; andiii the location of the weapons or munitions;are carried on board the aircraft.91.110 Carriage of sporting weapons and ammunition 125.110 Carriage of sporting weapons andammunitiona A flight, with sporting weapons on board, shall notThe operator shall ensure that:be commenced unless request for carrriage has beenmade in advance.b Sporting weapon accepted for carriage shall be: a written details of any sporting weapons and/oramunition have been provided by the personrequesting carriage of the item, before the item istaken on board the aircraft; and1 stowed in the aircraft in a place which is inaccessibleto passengers during flight; unless the Governor hasdetermined that compliance is impractical andaccepted that other procedures might apply; andbthe pilot-in-command is informed in writing ofthe location, type, mass, and quantity of thoseitems carried.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 6 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirement2 unloaded in the case of firearms or other weaponsthat can contain ammunition.Note: Ammunition for sporting weapons may becontained in baggage, subject to certain limitations,in accordance with OTAR Part 92.125.115 Electronic navigation data managementa The operator shall not use electronic navigationdata products unless procedures have beenapproved by the Governor to ensure that:1 the process applied and the products deliveredhave met acceptable standards of integrity; and91.120 Responsibilities of pilot-in-commanda The responsibilities of the pilot-in-command shallinclude:1 the safety and security of all persons on board theaircraft when the doors are closed;2 the operation and safety of the aircraft from themoment the aircraft has started its engine(s) for thepurpose of taking-off until the moment it finallycomes to rest at the end of the flight and theengine(s) used as primary propulsion units are shutdown and if applicable, the rotor blades stopped;3 ensuring that a flight is not commenced if any flightcrew member is prevented from performing hisduties as a result of incapacitation by any cause suchas injury, sickness, fatigue, or the effects of alcoholor drugs;4 ensuring that a flight is not continued beyond thenearest suitable aerodrome or heliport when arequired flight crew member's capacity to performfunctions is significantly reduced by impairment offaculties from causes such as fatigue, sickness, orlack of oxygen;5 reporting all known or suspected defects in theaircraft at the termination of the flight;6 completion of the journey log book and any generaldeclaration;7 preservation of flight recorder records and ifnecessary the associated flight recorders if theaircraft has been involved in an accident or incident;b2 the products are compatible with the intendedfunction of the equipment that will use them.Note: Guidance relating to the processes that datasuppliers may follow is contained in RTCADO200A/EUROCAE ED-76 and RTCA DO-201A/EUROCAE ED-77.The operator shall implement procedures toensure the timely distribution and insertion ofcurrent and unaltered electronic navigation datato all aircraft requiring such data.8 notifying the appropriate local authority in the eventthat an emergency situation that necessitates actionin violation of local regulations or procedures. Thereport shall be made as soon as possible, but in anyevent, not later than 72 hours after the incident. Acopy of the report shall be submitted to the Governor;9 the security of the aircraft during its operation; and10 reporting any act of unlawful interference to theGovernor and to the designated local authority.91.130 Passenger briefingOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 7 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125a A flight shall not be commenced unless passengersare made familiar with the location and use of:Requirement1 seat belts or any other restraints;2 emergency exits;3 lifejackets if required to be carried;4 other emergency equipment provided for individualuse, including passenger emergency briefing cards;b5 flotation equipment, where carried ; and6 oxygen dispensing equipment, if required to becarried for the use of passengers.All passengers shall be made aware of the conditionsunder which smoking may be permitted.c All persons on board the aircraft shall be made awareof the location and general manner of use of theprincipal emergency equipment carried for use bypassengers.d During take off and landing and during such othertimes as may require it, all passengers on board theaircraft shall be secured in their seats by means of theseat belts or harnesses provided.e In the event of an emergency occurring during flight,all persons on board shall be instructed in suchemergency action as may be appropriate to thecircumstances.91.140 Use and preservation of flight recorders andrecords125.140 Use and preservation of flight recorders andrecordsa On any flight on which one or more flight recordersystems is required to be carried:The operator shall ensure, by use of appropriateprocedures, that the requirements of 91.140 aremet.1 in an aeroplane:i flight recorders shall be operated continuously fromthe time the first engine is started for the purpose ofmaking a flight until the time the last engine is shutdown after landing; andii operational checks and evaluations of recordingsfrom the flight recorder systems shall be conductedin accordance with ICAO Annex 6 Part I Appendix 9or Part II Appendix 2.3 (as applicable), as specifiedin OTAR Part 39, to ensure the continuedserviceability of the recorders.2 in a helicopter:i flight recorders shall be operated continuously fromthe time the rotors first turn for the purpose ofmaking a flight until the rotors are next stopped; andii operational checks and evaluations of recordingsfrom the flight recorder systems shall be conductedin accordance with ICAO Annex 6 Part III Appendix5, as specified in OTAR Part 39, to ensure thecontinued serviceability of the recorders.Note: The checks referred to in (1)(ii) and (2)(ii)include, prior to the first flight of the day, that thebuilt-in test features for the flight recorders and flightdata acquisition unit (FDAU), when installed, shallbe monitored by manual and/or automatic checks.bTo preserve flight recorder records, flight recordersshall be de-activated upon completion of flight timefollowing an accident or incident. The flightrecorders shall not be re-activated before theirdisposition as determined in accordance with OTARPart 13.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 8 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125c In the event of an incident or accident, flight recorderrecords, and where possible the associated flightrecorders, shall be retained in safe custody.RequirementdDocumentation concerning FDR and ADRSparameters that is provided to accident investigatingauthorities shall be in electronic format and takeaccount of industry specifications.Note: Industry specification for documentationconcerning flight recorder parameters may be foundin the ARINC 647A, Flight Recorder ElectronicDocumentation, or equivalent document.Subpart B – Operational Procedures125.150 Operations manualThe operator shall:a provide an operations manual containing all theinstructions and information necessary foroperations personnel to perform their duties;b ensure that all staff members have ready access tothe operations manual, or to those parts of theoperations manual that relate to their duties; andcensure that the relevant parts of the operationsmanual are carried on each flight.91.155 Operational control 125.155 Operational controlExcept as otherwise specified by the operator, theThe operator shall:pilot-in-command shall be responsible for operationalcontrol.a establish and maintain a method of operationalcontrol;b describe the system in the operations manual;censure that operational control is exercised overevery flight; andd ensure that operational control is only delegatedto a flight operations officer/flight dispatcher orthe pilot-in-command.125.160 Duties of flight operations officer/flightdispatchera A flight operations officer/flight dispatcheremployed in conjunction with a method ofcontrol and supervision of flight operations shall:1 assist the pilot-in-command in flight preparationand provide the relevant information;2 assist the pilot-in-command in preparing theoperational and ATS flight plans (includingidentification of en-route alternates whereappropriate), sign when applicable and file theATS flight plan with the appropriate ATS unit, ordesignated representative; and3 furnish the pilot-in-command while in flight, byappropriate means, with information which maybe necessary for the safe conduct of the flight.4 In the event of an emergency:i initiate such procedures as outlined in theoperations manual while avoiding taking anyaction that would conflict with ATC procedures;ii convey safety-related information to the pilot-incommandthat may be necessary for the safeconduct of the flight, including informationrelated to any amendments to the flight plan thatbecome necessary in the course of the flight; andOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 9 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirementiii if an emergency situation which endangers thesafety of an aircraft or persons becomes knownfirst to the flight operations officer/flightdispatcher, action by that person shall include,where necessary, notification to the appropriateauthorities of the nature of the situation withoutdelay, and requests for assistance if required.125.165 Competence of operations personnela The operator shall ensure that:1 all personnel assigned to, or directly involved in,ground and flight operations are properlyinstructed, have demonstrated their abilities intheir particular duties and are aware of theirresponsibilities and the relationship of suchduties to the operation as a whole.2 where contracted and sub-contract staff are usedby the operator to carry out functions that relateto the safety of aircraft, the operator shall ensurethat the relevant duties and accountabilities ofthose staff are clearly defined by the operator.The operator shall also ensure that theresponsibilities of any contracting organisationand their staff are clearly defined and confirmedwithin the contract or agreement.3 where operations personnel prepare anoperational flight plan, those personnel:i are trained and competent to perform the task;andii are notified as soon as practicable of relevantchanges in equipment, operating procedures orfacilities, including: changes to the use ofnavigation aids, aerodromes, ATC proceduresand regulations, local aerodrome traffic controlrules, and known hazards to flight includingpotentially hazardous meteorological conditionsand irregularities in ground and navigationfacilities; andiii have been provided, where necessary, with anaeroplane operating manual, for each aircraft typeoperated.125.170 Standard operating proceduresa The operator shall provide and include in theoperations manual, standard operating proceduresfor the use of aircraft crew and other operatingstaff for every aircraft type operated.bThe standard operating procedures shall containthe normal, abnormal and emergency proceduresrelating to the operation of aircraft.125.175 Procedure complianceAll operational personnel shall conform with theapplicable procedures specified in the operationsmanual.91.185 Pre-flight action 125.185 Pre-flight actionabcdThe pilot-in-command shall, before beginning aflight, obtain, become familiar with and act on allinformation concerning that flight including thefollowing:the current and forecast meteorological information;andthe fuel and oil requirements for that flight; andall relevant details of the planned load; andthe alternatives available if the flight cannot becompleted as planned; andThe operator shall ensure that before each flight,information is available to the pilot-in-commandto complete the preparation for the intendedoperation and to ensure the adequacy of thefacilities.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 10 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125e any known or likely traffic delays that have beennotified by ATS; andf the status of the communication and navigationfacilities intended to be used; andg the current conditions of the aerodrome or heliportand runway lengths at aerodromes of intended use;andh all airspace restrictions that may apply on or adjacentto the planned route and alternatives available; andRequirementi any volcanic activity within the vicinity of theplanned route.91.190 Flight preparation 125.190 Flight preparationA flight shall not be commenced until the pilot incommand is satisfied that:The operator shall ensure, by use of appropriateprocedures, that no flight is commenced unlessthe requirements of 91.190 have been satisfied.a the aircraft is airworthy and in a condition for safeflight;b the documents, manuals and additional documentsspecified are on board the aircraft;c the instruments and equipment installed on theaircraft are appropriate and in accordance withSubpart F, taking into account the expected flightconditions;d the instruments and equipment are in operablecondition except as provided in the MEL;e any necessary maintenance has been carried out inaccordance with Subpart G;f the correct quantity and type of fuel has been loadedon the aircraft;g the flight can be safely made in accordance with anygiven performance data for the aircraft beingoperated;h the mass of the aircraft and centre of gravity are suchthat the flight can be conducted safely, takingaccount of the expected flight conditions;i any load carried is properly distributed and safelysecured;j the aircraft operating limitations, contained in theflight manual, or equivalent, will not be exceeded;andk those parts of the aircraft that are visible andaccessible to him have been inspected and/orchecked.125.195 Operational flight planThe operator shall ensure that:a an operational flight plan is completed for eachflight; andb if the operational flight plan is prepared by aperson other than the pilot-in-command, the pilotin-commandis advised of the contents.91.200 ATS flight plan 125.200 ATS flight planA flight plan shall be submitted to an appropriateATS unit, or its designated agent, prior to the start ofeach flight under VFR that proceeds over water morethan 10 NM from shore, or is operating over anyother remote or hazardous terrain.An ATS flight plan shall be submitted to anappropriate ATS unit, or its designated agent,prior to each flight.Note: This is in addition to any requirement to file anATS flight plan contained in the Rules of the Air.91.210 Operating in icing conditions - groundproceduresThe pilot-in-command:Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 11 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirementa shall not operate an aircraft in conditions whereground icing is known or suspected to be present,unless the aircraft has been inspected for icing and ifnecessary given such de-ice and anti-ice treatment asmay be required;b shall at no time perform a take-off in an aircraft thathas snow, ice, or frost adhering to the wings, rotors,stabilisers, or control surfaces; andc may only perform a take-off in an aircraft that hasfrost adhering to a propeller, windscreen, orpowerplant installation if such action is specificallypermitted by the aircraft flight manual and the takeoffis performed in accordance with the aircraft flightmanual procedures.91.215 Operating in icing conditions - flight procedures 125.215 Operating in icing conditions - flightproceduresA flight shall not be commenced nor intentionallyflown into expected or actual icing conditions unlessthe aircraft is certificated and equipped to cope withsuch conditions.The operator shall establish procedures for flightin expected or actual icing conditions if theaircraft is certificated and equipped to cope withsuch conditions.91.220 Operating facilitiesa A flight shall not be commenced unless it has beenascertained by every reasonable means available thatthe ground and/or water facilities includingcommunication facilities and navigation aidsavailable and directly required on such flight, for thesafe operation of the aircraft, are adequate for thetype of operation under which the flight is to beconducted.b Any inadequacy of facilities observed in the courseof operations shall be reported to the authorityresponsible for them, without undue delay.91.225 Use of aerodromes/operating sites 125.225 Use of aerodromes/operating sitesThe operator shall:a An aircraft shall not be operated at an aerodrome oroperating site unless:ensure that an aircraft is not operated to or froman aerodrome or operating site unless theoperator’s procedures have identified that it isadequate for the type(s) of aircraft andoperation(s) concerned.1 the aerodrome or operating site is satisfactory, takingaccount of the physical characteristics of the place,the operating environment and the performance ofthe aircraft; andb2 for operations at an aerodrome, at the expected timeof use the aerodrome will be available and equippedwith necessary ancillary services.Note 1: Ancillary services include ATS, lighting,communications, weather reporting, navigation aidsand emergency services, as appropriate to thecircumstances.A helicopter shall not be operated unless it is assuredthat:1 any place used as a heliport or landing site within acongested area of a city, town or settlement hasphysical characteristics, obstacle limitation surfacesand visual aids commensurate with thecharacteristics of the helicopter being operated andthe ambient light conditions; and2 any place used as a heliport or as a place to hoverthat is outside a congested area of a city, town, orsettlement:Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 12 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125i is suitable for the helicopter to hover clear ofobstructions; andii for a heliport, has a surface area suitable fortouchdown and lift-off; and3 any place used as a heliport or as a place to hover hasapproach and take-off paths such that, if thehelicopter is not operating in Performance Class 1,an emergency landing can be conducted withoutcausing undue risk to any persons or property on theground; and4 any place in the Territory to be used by a helicopterfor the commercial air transport of passengers atnight has lighting in operation to enable the pilot:Requirementi in the case of landing, to identify the landing area inflight, to determine the landing direction and to makea safe approach and landing; andii in the case of taking off, to make a safe take-off.c Only helicopters operating in Performance Class 1shall be permitted to operate from elevated heliportsin congested areas.Note 2: Flights under (b)(1) and (c) are subject toobtaining Permission under Rule 5(3)(c) of the Rulesof the Air.91.230 Certificated aerodromes – requirement to useAn aircraft shall not take-off or land at a place in theTerritory other than at an aerodrome certificated inaccordance with OTAR Part 139, or a notifiedmilitary aerodrome, if that aircraft is conducting:a international operations;b a flight using a passenger aircraft with a maximumapproved passenger seating configuration (MAPSC)of more than 9; orc a flight with an aeroplane with MTOM exceeding15,000 kg.Note: In this context “international operations” areoperations in respect of which the point of departureof the flight and the point of destination thereof arein two different States or in respect of which theflight passes through the sovereign airspace of theterritory of more than one State.91.235 Aerodrome operating minima – applicabilitya An aerodrome shall not be used as a departure,destination or alternate aerodrome, unless theoperating minima, established by the appropriateauthority of the State in which the aerodrome issituated, can be complied with.b The aerodrome operating minima for a specific typeof approach and landing procedure shall beapplicable if:1 the ground equipment shown on the respectiveinstrument approach and landing chart required forthe intended procedure, is operative; and2 the aircraft systems required for the type of approach,are operative; and3 the required aircraft performance criteria arecomplied with; and4 the flight deck crew is qualified to conduct the typeof approach.91.240 Aerodrome operating minima – determination 125.240 Aerodrome operating minima – determinationaThe aerodrome operating minima for any aerodrometo be used shall not be lower than the valuesdetermined in accordance with:aThe operator shall establish aerodrome operatingminima for each aerodrome to be used inoperations.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 13 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1251 for aeroplanes, either Appendix 1 (Old) or Appendix1 (New) of OPS 1.430 of EU-OPS (EuropeanCommission Regulation (EC) 859/2008 of 20 August2008); or2 for helicopters, Appendix 1 to JAR-OPS 3.430 atAmendment 5, or aeroplane Category A minimawhere no special helicopter procedures have beenpromulgated.b The minima determined in accordance with (a) shallnot be lower than any that may be established forsuch aerodromes by the State in which theaerodrome is located, except when specificallyapproved by that State.Note: Minima from commercially available flightguides may be used (subject to any additionalincrements applied by an operations manual).c The aeroplane categories referred to in Appendix 1(Old) or Appendix 1 (New) of OPS 1.430 must bederived in accordance with the method given inAppendix 2 to OPS 1.430(c) of EU-OPS (EuropeanCommission Regulation (EC) 859/2008 of 20 August2008).d In establishing the aerodrome operating minimaapplicable to any particular operation, the followingshall be taken into account:1 the type, performance and handling characteristics ofthe aircraft; and2 the composition of the flight crew, their competenceand experience; and3 the dimensions and characteristics of the runways ortouch-down areas which may be selected for use; andRequirementNote: The minima determined in accordance withOTAR 91 accord with JAR-OPS/EU OPSmethods therefore minima from commerciallyavailable flight guides may be used (subject toany additional increments applied by anoperations manual).4 the adequacy and performance of the available visualand non-visual ground aids; and5 the equipment available in the aircraft for thepurpose of navigation or control of the flight path, asappropriate, during the take-off, approach, flare,landing or missed approach; and6 the obstacles in the approach and missed approachareas and the climb-out areas and necessaryclearance; and7 the obstacle clearance altitude/height for theinstrument approach procedures;8 the means to determine and report meteorologicalconditions; and9 the flight technique to be used in the final approach.efgThe use of Head-up guidance landing system(HUDLS) or Enhanced vision system (EVS) mayallow operations with lower visibilities than normallyassociated with the aerodrome operating minima, inaccordance with Appendix 1 (New) of OPS 1.430,only when the appropriate approval is held.Aerodrome operating minima lower than Category Ishall be used only in accordance with an approvalissued by the State of Registry.In the case of an aircraft registered in the Territory,approval for the use of aerodrome operating minimalower than Category I may be issued by the Governorin accordance with Subpart SPA.Note: See 91.415 for IFR departure limitations andapproval requirements.91.245 Noise abatement procedures 125.245 Noise abatement proceduresOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 14 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Operating procedures shall take into account theneed to minimise the effect of aircraft noise unlessthis would have a detrimental effect on aircraftsafety.Note: Guidance on noise abatement procedures iscontained in PANS-OPS (ICAO Doc 8168) VolumeI, Section 7.91.250 Alternate aerodromes – general requirementsabRequirementThe operator’s noise abatement procedures fordeparture and arrival/approach for eachaeroplane type, shall be designed to be simpleand safe to operate with no significant increase increw workload during critical phases of flight.The pilot-in-command shall follow noiseabatement procedures unless these would have adetrimental effect on aircraft safety.abAn aerodrome shall not be nominated as an alternateunless:it has a notified instrument approach procedure andweather forecasts indicate that at the estimated timeof use the conditions will be at or above theapplicable aerodrome operating minima; orweather forecasts indicate that at the estimated timeof use the cloud ceiling and visibility will be at orabove the VFR minima prescribed in the Rules of theAir.125.255 Take-off alternatea The operator shall ensure that a take-off alternateaerodrome is selected and specified in theoperational flight plan if either: themeteorological conditions at the aerodrome ofdeparture are at or below the applicableaerodrome operating minima for landing; or, itwould not be possible to return to the aerodromeof departure for other reasons.b The take-off alternate aerodrome shall be locatedwithin the following flight time from theaerodrome of departure:1 for an aeroplane with two engines, one hour offlight time at a one-engine-inoperative cruisingspeed determined from the aircraft operatingmanual, calculated in ISA and still-air conditionsusing the actual take-off mass;2 for an aeroplane with three or more engines, twohours of flight time at an all-engine operatingcruising speed, determined from the aircraftoperating manual, calculated in ISA and still-airconditions using the actual take-off mass.91.265 Destination alternate 125.265 Destination alternateFor any flight conducted under IFR, at least onedestination alternate aerodrome shall be nominatedand specified in the flight plan unless:a For aeroplanes1 the duration of the flight and the meteorologicalconditions prevailing are such that there isreasonable certainty that, for a period of at least onehour before and one hour after the estimated time ofarrival at the aerodrome of intended landing, theapproach and landing may be made under visualmeteorological conditions; or2 the aerodrome of intended landing is isolated andthere is no suitable alternate aerodrome; andi a standard instrument approach procedure isprescribed for the aerodrome of intended landing;andii available current meteorological informationindicates that the following meteorologicalconditions will exist from two hours before to twohours after the estimated time of arrival:Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 15 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirementaa a cloud base of at least 1,000 feet (300 m) above theminimum associated with the instrument approachprocedure; andbb visibility of at least 5.5 km or of 4 km more than theminimum associated with the procedure.b For helicopters; either 1. or 2. below: a For helicopters conducting offshore operations,offshore alternates may be specified subject to thefollowing conditions:1 current meteorological information indicates thatfrom two hours before to two hours after theestimated time of arrival, or from the actual time ofdeparture to two hours after the estimated time ofarrival, whichever is the shorter period, the followingmeteorological conditions will exist:1 the offshore destination alternate shall be usedonly after a point of no return (PNR). Prior toPNR on-shore destination alternates shall beused; andi a cloud base of at least 400 feet (120 m) above theminimum associated with the instrument approachprocedure; andii visibility of at least 1.5 km more than the minimumassociated with the procedure.Or:2 mechanical reliability of critical systems andcritical components shall be considered and takeninto account when determining the suitability ofthe destination alternates; and3 one engine inoperative hover performancecapability shall be attainable prior to arrival at thedestination alternate; and4 to the extent possible, helideck availability shallbe guaranteed at the destination alternate; and2 the heliport of intended landing is isolated and nosuitable alternate is available; andi an instrument approach procedure is prescribed forthe isolated heliport of intended landing; andii a point of no return (PNR) is determined in case ofan offshore destination.5 a landing forecast indicating the likelihood ofvisual meteorological conditions at the intendedoffshore destination and the offshore destinationalternate based upon accredited meteorologicalinformation conforming to the standards in ICAOAnnex 3, shall be required for the decision to gobeyond PNR; and6 an offshore destination alternate shall not be usedif fog is forecast or observed within 100 km ofthe destination; and7 offshore alternates shall not be used when it ispossible to carry enough fuel to have an onshorealternate; the use of offshore alternates shall beexceptional and shall not be used for the purposesof payload enhancement during adverse weatherconditions.91.280 Fuel requirements 125.280 Fuel requirementsA flight shall not be commenced unless the aircraftcarries sufficient fuel and oil, taking into accountweather reports, forecasts and weather conditions, tocomplete the flight and to allow for contingencies,which shall be at least the amount sufficient toenable:a The operator shall establish a fuel and oil policyfor the purpose of flight planning, and en-route replanning,to ensure that each aircraft carriessufficient fuel and oil for the planned flight,including reserve fuel to cover deviations fromthe planned flight.a For aeroplanes: Note: equivalent safety for fuel planning can beshown by compliance with paragraph 91.280 or135.280. In either case, it is expected the policywill be based upon adoption of all elementsspecified in the respective Part.1 when flying in accordance with the instrument flightrules and a destination alternate is not required inaccordance with paragraph 91.265 to complete theflight to the intended destination and thereafter for45 minutes at the normal cruising speed; or2 when flying in accordance with the instrument flightrules and a destination alternate is required inaccordance with paragraph 91.265, to complete theflight to the intended destination, thence to analternate and thereafter for 45 minutes at the normalcruising speed; orbFinal reserve fuel shall be:1 for planning in accordance with paragraph91.280, the additional amounts specified foraeroplanes in paragraph 91.280(a)(1) to (3), andfor helicopters in paragraph 91.280(b)(1) to (4);orOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 16 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1253 when flying in accordance with the visual flight rulesto complete the flight to the intended destination andthereafter for 30 minutes at the normal cruisingspeed.bFor helicopters:1 when flying in accordance with the instrument flightrules and a destination alternate is not required inaccordance with paragraph 91.265(b)(1), to completethe flight to the intended destination and thereafterfor 30 minutes at the normal cruising speed;2 when flying in accordance with the instrument flightrules and a destination alternate is not required inaccordance with paragraph 91.265(b)(2), to completethe flight to the intended destination and thereafterfor 60 minutes at the normal cruising speed;cRequirement2 for planning other than in accordance with91.280, an amount of fuel sufficient to enable ahelicopter or turbine engine aeroplane to fly for30 minutes, or a reciprocating engine aeroplaneto fly for 45 minutes, at holding speed at 1,500feet (450m) above aerodrome elevation instandard conditions, calculated with theestimated mass on arrival at the destinationalternate aerodrome or the destinationaerodrome, when no destination alternateaerodrome is required.The basis for fuel planning specified inaccordance with (a) and (b) above shall becontained in the operations manual.3 when flying in accordance with the instrument flghtrules and a destination alternate is required, tocomplete the flight to the intended destination,thence to an alternate and thereafter for 30 minutes atthe normal cruising speed;4 when flying in accordance with the visual flightrules, to complete the flight to the intendeddestination and thereafter for 20 minutes at thenormal cruising speed.91.285 Checklists 125.285 ChecklistsaThe pilot-in-command shall ensure that, where achecklist is provided, it is used.bThe operator shall ensure that flight crews areprovided with checklists of normal, abnormal andemergency aircraft procedures.The checklists provided to flight crews shall bedesigned in accordance with human factorsprinciples and shall contain sufficient informationto enable flight crews to comply with theoperating procedures in the operations manual,the aircraft flight manual or such otherdocuments as may be associated with thecertificate of airworthiness.91.295 Use of airborne collision avoidance system (ACASII)a In an aircraft with airborne collision avoidancesystem (ACAS II) installed:125.290cdabThe operator shall ensure that flight crewoperating procedures incorporate the use ofchecklists for all phases of aircraft operations andin emergency.The operator shall ensure that checklists are usedby flight crews prior to, during and after allphases of aircraft operation.In-flight simulation of emergency situationsThe operator shall ensure that on a flight whenpassengers are being carried:no emergency or abnormal situations aresimulated; andno simulated instrument flight is conducted.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 17 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1251 It shall be used in normal conditions during flight ina mode that enables Resolution Advisories (RAs) tobe produced for the pilot flying when undueproximity to another aircraft is detected.2 When an RA is produced by ACAS II, the pilotflying shall immediately take the corrective actionindicated by the RA, even if this is in conflict with anAir Traffic Control (ATC) instruction. The aircraftshall be promptly returned to the terms of the ATCinstructions or clearance when the situation isresolved.3 Unless otherwise specified in an air traffic controlinstruction, pilots shall use appropriate procedures toensure that a rate of climb or descent of less than 8m/sec or 1,500 ft/min (depending on theinstrumentation available) is achieved throughout thelast 300 m (1,000 feet) of climb or descent to theassigned altitude or flight level.RequirementNote: This is to avoid unnecessary ACAS II RAs inaircraft at or approaching adjacent altitudes or flightlevels.91.300 Crew members at stations 125.300 Crew members at stationsaThe pilot-in-command shall ensure that each crewmember on duty in an aircraft during take-off andlanding or when he so directs:1 be at their crew member station unless their absenceis necessary to perform duties in connection with theoperation of the aircraft; and2 have their safety belt, or harness where so equipped,fastened while at the crew member station.Whenever required cabin crew are carried theyshall occupy a seat provided in accordance withparagraph 125.635 during take off and landingand at such other times as the pilot in commandmay require.bcThe pilot-in-command shall ensure that all flightcrew members required to be on flight deck duty inan aircraft other than during take-off and landingshall remain at their stations with their safety beltfastened except when their absence is necessary forthe performance of duties in connection with theoperation of the aircraft or for physiological needs.No crew member shall perform any activity duringcritical phases of flight except those required for thesafe operation of the aircraft.1 The critical phases of flight include:i for flight crew members, all operations involvingpush back, taxi, take-off, approach and landing; andii for other crew members, all ground operations afterleaving the apron area to join a main taxiway, takeoffuntil passing 1,000 feet on climb, and all flightbelow 5,000 feet on the landing approach phase ofthe flight.91.305 In-flight fuel management 125.305 In-flight fuel managementaThe pilot in command shall ensure that the amount ofusable fuel remaining in flight is not less than thefuel required to proceed to an aerodrome/landing sitewhere a safe landing can be made.The operator shall establish a procedure to ensurethat in-flight fuel checks and fuel managementare carried out.bThe pilot in command shall ensure that fuelchecks are carried out at regular intervals toconfirm that the amount of usable fuel remainingin flight is not less than the fuel required toproceed to an aerodrome/landing site where asafe landing can be made, with the planned finalreserve fuel remaining.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 18 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 12591.310 Use of oxygenThe pilot-in-command of an aircraft with a nonpressurisedcabin shall ensure that:a before the aircraft reaches flight level 130 themethod of use of the oxygen provided in the aircraftis demonstrated to all passengers; andb when flying above flight level 130 all passengers andcrew members are instructed to use oxygen; andcRequirementThe pilot in command shall declare a situation offuel emergency by broadcasting MAYDAYMAYDAY MAYDAY FUEL, when thecalculated usable fuel predicted to be available onlanding at the nearest aerodrome where a safelanding can be made is less than the planned finalreserve fuel.Note: the "planned final reserve fuel" refers to thevalue calculated in 125.280(b) and is theminimum amount of fuel required upon landingat any aerodrome.cdeduring any period when the aircraft is flying aboveflight level 100 up to and including flight level 130,oxygen is used by all the flight crew of the aircraftfor that part of the flight at those altitudes that is ofmore than 30 minutes duration; andduring any period when the aircraft is flying aboveflight level 130 oxygen is used continuously by allthe flight crew of the aircraft.an aircraft with a non-pressurised cabin is notoperated above flight level 250.125.315 Cosmic radiationa The operator shall take appropriate measures to:b1 assess the exposure to cosmic radiation when inflight of all crew members who are liable to besubject to cosmic radiation in excess of 1millisievert (mSv) in any period of 12 months;2 take into account the assessed exposure whenorganising work schedules with a view toreducing the doses of highly exposed crewmembers;3 inform the crew members concerned of the healthrisks their work involves; and4 retain assessments of exposure to cosmicradiation for the periods specified in 91.1265.Note: The exposure of crew in aircraft that do notgenerally operate above 26,000 feet is likely toresult in an annual dose less than 1 mSv in any12 month period.The operator shall ensure that the workingschedules for female crew members, once theyhave notified the operator that they are pregnant,keep the equivalent dose to the foetus as low ascan reasonably be achieved and in any caseensure that the dose does not exceed 1 mSv forthe remainder of the pregnancy.cThe operator shall ensure that for any flightoperated above 49,000 feet:1 procedures for operating above 49,000 feet andfor the use of monitoring equipment shall bespecified in the operations manual;2 a descent to 49,000 feet or lower is initiated assoon as practicable if the limit values of cosmicradiation dose rate specified in the operationsmanual are exceeded.91.325 Flight crew communication 125.325 Flight crew communicationOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 19 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125RequirementWhen operating under IFR all flight crew membersrequired to be on flight deck duty shall communicatethrough boom or throat microphones below thetransition altitude.The operator shall ensure that all flight crewmembers required to be on flight deck duty shallcommunicate through boom or throatmicrophones below the transition altitude.91.335 Fuelling operations 125.335 Fuelling operationsThe pilot-in-command shall ensure that: a Notwithstanding OTAR 91.335, the operatorshall ensure that an aircraft is not refuelled ordefuelled when passengers are embarking, onboard or disembarking unless:abno aircraft is refuelled or defuelled whilst passengersare embarking, on board or disembarking, or with ahelicopter rotor turning; andappropriate precautions are taken, particularly whenrefuelling with fuels other than aviation kerosene, orwhen refuelling results in a mixture of aviationkerosene with other aviation turbine fuels, or whenan open line is used.1 the aircraft is properly attended by qualifiedpersonnel ready to initiate and direct anevacuation by the most practical and expeditiousmeans available; and2 two-way communication is maintained by use ofthe aeroplane inter-communication system orother suitable means between the ground crewsupervising the refuelling or defuelling and thequalified personnel on board the aircraft.91.340 Fuel spillage 125.340 Fuel spillagea When refuelling or defuelling, if fuel is spilled and islikely to endanger persons or property:The operator shall have a system for dealing withfuel spillage.1 refuelling or defuelling shall be stopped immediatelyand emergency services, where available, aresummoned; and2 immediate action shall be taken to cover the fuel withsand, sawdust, dry earth, or an agent such as foam ordry chemical extinguisher powder, to reduce the firehazard; and3 the aircraft shall be moved clear of the contaminatedarea, with the agreement of any attending emergencyservices, before any engine is started.91.345 Completion of journey log and recording ofdefectsa The pilot in command of an aircraft registered in theTerritory shall, on the completion of the flight, orseries of flights:1 complete the journey log book or equivalent record;and2 complete the technical log, or other applicablemaintenance records, and record any aircraft defectsthat have been identified during the flight.91.350 Notification of accidents and occurrencesa The pilot-in-command shall be responsible fornotifying the nearest appropriate authority by thequickest available means of any accident involvingthe aircraft resulting in serious injury or death of anyperson or substantial damage to the aircraft orproperty.b The pilot-in-command shall notify occurrences inaccordance with OTAR Part 13.91.355 Occupation of seats and wearing of restraintsa The pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall requireeach person on the aircraft to occupy a seat or berthand to fasten his safety belt, or restraining belt, or ifequipped, shoulder harness or single diagonalshoulder belt:1 during each take-off and landing; and2 when the aircraft is flying at a height of less than1,000 feet above the surface unless operationalrequirements preclude such restraint and theprocedures are approved by the Governor; and3 at other times when the pilot-in-command considersit necessary for his safety; and4 during aerobatic flight; and5 at all times in an open cockpit aircraft.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 20 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125b The pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall requireeach passenger to place his seat in the take-off andlanding configuration during take-off and landing.RequirementcdParagraph (a)(1), (2), and (3) shall not apply to achild of less than 2 years of age if the child:1 is held by an adult who is occupying a seat or berth,provided the child is securely restrained; or2 occupies a seat equipped with an approved childrestraint system, if the child does not exceed thespecified mass limit for that system and isaccompanied by a parent, guardian, or attendantdesignated by the child’s parent or guardian to attendto the safety of the child during the flight.Paragraph (a) and (b) shall not apply to personscarried in balloons or engaged in parachuteoperations.Note: The applicable requirements for parachutingoperations are specified in paragraph 91.390.91.360 Familiarity with operating limitations andemergency equipmentThe pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall beforebeginning a flight, be familiar with:a the aircraft flight manual for that aircraft; andb any placards, listings, or instrument markingscontaining any operating limitation prescribed forthat aircraft by the manufacturer or the Governor;andc the emergency equipment installed on the aircraft;andd which crew member is assigned to operate each itemof emergency equipment; ande the procedures to be followed for the use of normaland emergency equipment in an emergency situation.91.365 Flying displaysa The pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall notparticipate in a flying display unless:1 he holds a current display authorisation, granted bythe Governor; and2 he has taken all reasonable steps to confirm that theorganiser of the flying display has been granted anypermission as may be required, and that the plannedflight can be safely made in accordance with theterms of such permission; and3 he operates at a height not less than that specified ineither the pilot’s display authorisation or anypermission associated with the flying display,whichever is the greater; and4 he flies the aircraft aligned with reference to adisplay line sufficiently distanced from spectators soas not to cause undue risk to persons or property onthe surface; and5 he does not carry any additional persons other thanthose crew members required to operate the aircraft;and6 he does not fly over any spectator area; and7 he does not conduct any high-energy manoeuvrebetween the display line and any spectator area; and8 he does not initiate any manoeuvre in the direction ofany spectator area.b Paragraph (a) shall not apply to private aviationevents that are not open to the general public.91.370 Aerial work and specialised operations 125.370 Aerial work and specialised operationsOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 21 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125a A flight is an aerial work flight if it is a flight inrespect of which valuable consideration has beengiven or promised for:1 the conduct of an aerial work activity during which,excluding crew members, no more than 6 personsindispensable to that aerial work activity are carriedin the aircraft; and2 flights immediately before and after an aerial workactivity, provided that such flights are connectedwith that aerial work activity and the persons carriedare as specified in (a)(1).Note: Where valuable consideration is involved andpersons are to be carried other than as specified in(a)(1) and (a)(2), then the rules applicable tocommercial air transport apply, and operations aresubject to OTAR Part 121 or Part 135 (aircraftregistered in the Territory); or the terms of apermission under article 135 of the Order (foreignregisteredaircraft).b Before commencing any aerial work operation, theoperator of the aircraft shall carry out a riskassessment and develop appropriate standardoperating procedures to provide guidance tooperating staff to ensure safe means of carrying outthe aerial task.c In complying with (b) the operator shall have regardto:1 the type of aerial work activity; and2 the operating environment.d The operator shall make the standard operatingprocedures referred to in (b) available to everyemployee or person who is engaged or may engage inaerial work operations conducted by him.RequirementNote: When complying with 91.370(b), (c) and(d) the operator should utilise his safetymanagement system, and ensure that the standardoperating procedures requirements in 125.170are satisfied.e The operator shall ensure that the risk assessment isreviewed and guidance to operating staff kept up todate, taking into account any changes affecting theoperation.f A foreign-registered aircraft shall not be used foraerial photography, aerial survey or any other form ofaerial work otherwise than under and in accordancewith the terms of a permission granted by theGovernor.Note: In this context a “foreign-registered aircraft” isan aircraft registered in a Contracting State otherthan the United Kingdom or any of the Territories, orin a foreign country.91.375 Aerial application for purposes of agriculture etcaAn aircraft shall not be used for the dropping ofarticles for the purposes of agriculture, horticulture,forestry or conservation or for training for thedropping of articles for any of such purposes,otherwise than under and in accordance with theterms of an aerial application permission granted bythe Governor in accordance with Appendix C.b No article or substance shall be dropped from anaircraft in a manner that creates a hazard to personsor property in the aircraft or elsewhere.91.380 Towing, picking up, raising and lowering ofpersons and articlesa An aircraft in flight shall not, by means external tothe aircraft tow any article or pick up, raise or lowerany person, animal or article, unless:Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 22 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1251 there is a certificate of airworthiness issued orrendered valid in respect of that aircraft under thelaw of the country in which the aircraft is registeredand that certificate or the flight manual for theaircraft includes an express provision that it may beused for that purpose; and2 if it is a helicopter, otherwise than under and inaccordance with the terms of a permission forhelicopter external load operations (HELO) orhelicopter hoist operations (HHO), or an aerialapplication permission, granted by the Governor inaccordance with Appendix C.Note 1: 'Helicopter hoist operations' (HHO) refers toa flight the purpose of which is to facilitate thetransfer of persons and/or cargo by means of ahelicopter hoist.Note 2: HHO where any person on the hoist is not acrew member must comply with the requirementsapplicable to commercial air transport operations.RequirementbcdefgAn aircraft in flight shall not tow any article, otherthan a glider, at night or when flight visibility is lessthan one nautical mile.The length of the combination of towing aircraft,towrope, and article in tow, shall not exceed 150metres.An aeroplane shall not launch or pick up towropes,banners or similar articles other than at anaerodrome.A helicopter shall not fly at any height over acongested area of a city, town or settlement at anytime when any article, person or animal is suspendedfrom the helicopter.Subject to any applicable commercial air transportrequirements, a person who is not a member of theflight crew shall not be carried in a helicopter at anytime when an article, person or animal is suspendedfrom the helicopter, other than:1 a task specialist who has duties to perform inconnection with the article, person or animal; or2 a person who has been picked up or raised by meansexternal to the helicopter; or3 a person who it is intended shall be lowered to thesurface by means external to the helicopter.The pilot-in-command shall ensure that all personsare briefed before take-off on the relevant proceduresto be followed (including normal, abnormal, andemergency procedures) and equipment to be usedduring helicopter external load operations (HELO)and helicopter hoist operations (HHO).h Nothing in this paragraph:1 prohibits the towing in a reasonable manner by anaircraft in flight of any radio aerial, any instrumentwhich is being used for experimental purposes, orany signal, apparatus or article required or permittedby or under the Order to be towed or displayed by anaircraft in flight; or2 prohibits the picking up, raising or lowering of anyperson, animal or article in an emergency or for thepurpose of saving life.91.385 Dropping of articles and animalsa Articles and animals (whether or not attached to aparachute) shall not be dropped, or be permitted todrop, from an aircraft in flight so as to endangerpersons or property.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 23 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125b Subject to (c) and (d), articles and animals (whetheror not attached to a parachute) shall not be dropped,or be permitted to drop, to the surface from anaircraft flying over the Territory except under and inaccordance with the terms of an aerial applicationpermission granted by the Governor in accordancewith Appendix C.c Paragraph (b) does not apply to the dropping ofarticles by, or with the authority of, the pilot-incommandof the aircraft in any of the followingcircumstances:1 the dropping of articles for the purpose of saving life;Requirement2 the jettisoning, in case of emergency, of fuel or otherarticles in the aircraft;3 the dropping of ballast in the form of fine sand orwater;4 the dropping of articles solely for the purpose ofnavigating the aircraft in accordance with ordinarypractice or with the provisions of the Order;d5 the dropping at an aerodrome of tow ropes, banners,or similar articles towed by aircraft;6 the dropping of articles for the purposes of publichealth or as a measure against weather conditions,surface icing or oil pollution, or for training for thedropping of articles for any such purposes, if thearticles are dropped with the permission of theGovernor; or7 the dropping of wind drift indicators for the purposeof enabling parachute descents to be made if thewind drift indicators are dropped with the permissionof the Governor.Paragraph (b) does not apply to the lowering of anyarticle or animal from a helicopter to the surface inaccordance with the terms of a permission granted bythe Governor as required under 91.380.91.390 Dropping of persons – Parachutinga A person shall not drop, be dropped or be permittedto drop to the surface or jump from an aircraft flyingover the Territory except under and in accordancewith the terms of a parachuting permission grantedby the Governor in accordance with Appendix C.bcA person shall not drop, be dropped or be permittedto drop from an aircraft in flight so as to endangerpersons or property.An aircraft shall not be used for the purpose ofdropping persons unless:1 there is a certificate of airworthiness issued orrendered valid in respect of that aircraft under thelaw of the country in which the aircraft is registered;and2 that certificate or the flight manual includes anexpress provision that it may be used for thatpurpose; and3 the aircraft is operated in accordance with a writtenpermission granted by the Governor in accordancewith Appendix C.Note: The 91.370(a) limitation on the number ofpersons to be carried is not applicable to aerial workparachuting flights.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 24 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125d The pilot-in-command shall ensure that all persons tobe carried are briefed before take-off on the relevantprocedures to be followed (including normal,abnormal, and emergency procedures) and anyaircraft equipment to be used during the parachutingoperation.e Nothing in this paragraph:1 applies to the descent of persons by parachute froman aircraft in an emergency;2 prohibits the lowering of any person in an emergencyor for the purpose of saving life;3 prohibits the disembarkation of any person from ahelicopter hovering in ground effect in accordancewith normal aviation practice; or4 prohibits the lowering of any person from ahelicopter to the surface in accordance with the termsof a permission granted by the Governor as requiredunder 91.380.Subpart C – Operating Limitations91.400 Meteorological conditions – VFR flightA flight to be conducted in accordance with thevisual flight rules shall not be commenced unlesscurrent meteorological reports or a combination ofcurrent reports and forecasts indicate that themeteorological conditions along the route or that partof the route to be flown under the visual flight ruleswill, at the appropriate time, be such as to enablecompliance with these rules.91.405 Commercial air transport aeroplane operationsat night or in IMCA single-engine aeroplane, or a two-engine aeroplanethat is unable to maintain a positive climb gradient inthe event of an engine failure on take-off, shall not beflown for the purpose of commercial air transport atnight or in instrument meteorological conditionsunless it is flying on a special VFR flight in a controlzone.91.410 Meteorological conditions – IFR flightA flight to be conducted in accordance with theinstrument flight rules shall not be commencedunless information is available which indicates thatconditions at the aerodrome of intended landing or,where a destination alternate is required, at least onedestination alternate aerodrome will, at the estimatedtime of use, be at or above the applicable aerodromeoperating minima.Requirement91.415 IFR departure limitations 125.415 IFR departure limitationsa A departure under IFR shall not be commencedThe operator shall ensure that:unless:1 meteorological conditions are at or above the minimafor IFR take-off determined in accordance withOTAR 91.240; andan IFR flight does not take off whenmeteorological conditions are below prescribedIFR landing minima unless meteorologicalreports and forecasts indicate that a successfulapproach and landing can be made at the take-offalternate.2 the relevant RVR is at least 150m RVR (Category A,B, C aeroplanes, and helicopters) or 200m RVR(Category D aeroplanes), unless conducted inaccordance with an approval issued by the State ofRegistry.3 In the case of an aircraft registered in the Territory,approval for take-off below 150m RVR (Category A,B, C aeroplanes, and helicopters) or 200m RVR(Category D aeroplanes) may be issued by theGovernor in accordance with Subpart SPA.Note: Subpart SPA contains material with regardto: aerodrome considerations; training; operatingprocedures; and minimum equipment, which maybe used in the construction of operatingprocedures and training for Low Visibility Takeoff(LVTO).Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 25 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 12591.425 Approach and landing conditionsA flight shall not be continued towards theaerodrome of intended landing, unless the latestavailable information indicates that at the expectedtime of arrival, a landing can be effected at thataerodrome or at least one destination alternateaerodrome, in compliance with the appropriateoperating minima.91.430 Commencement and continuation of approachRequirement125.420 Minimum flight altitudesThe operator shall specify, in the operationsmanual, the method for establishing terrainclearance altitudes.abcAn approach may be commenced regardless of thereported visibility or RVR but shall not be continuedbelow 1,000 feet (300 m) above the aerodrome,unless the reported visibility or controlling RVR isabove the specified minimum.If, after descending below 1,000 feet (300 m) abovethe aerodrome, the reported visibility or controllingRVR falls below the specified minimum, theapproach may be continued to DA/H or MDA/H.The approach shall not be continued below the DA/Hor MDA/H unless the specifed visual reference isestablished at DA/H or MDA/H and is maintained.125.435 Instrument approach proceduresThe operator shall ensure that procedures forcarrying out instrument approaches are specifiedas standard operating procedures and includedwithin the operations manual.Subpart D – Mass and Balance91.450 Aircraft load limitationsThe holder of a certificate, licence, permit orapproval shall ensure that the limitations contained inthe aircraft flight manual, or other approveddocument, relating to the mass and balance of theaircraft are complied with.Subpart E – Performance91.500 Performance – generalBefore a flight is commenced, it shall be determinedthat, having regard to performance in the conditionsto be expected on the intended flight, and to anyobstructions at the places of departure and intendeddestination and on the intended route, the aircraft iscapable of safely taking off, reaching andmaintaining a safe height thereafter and making asafe landing at the place of intended destination.125.502 Performance planning – aeroplanesThe operator shall ensure that:a when determining the performance of theaeroplane, account is taken of at least thefollowing factors:1 the mass of the aeroplane; and2 the pressure altitude and temperature; and3 wind - not more than 50 % of the reported headwindcomponent, or if operations with a tail-windare permitted and performance data is provided,not less than 150 % of the reported tail-windcomponent;4 aeroplane operating techniques5 runway gradient;6 condition of runway;Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 26 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirement7 water surface state (where relevant).b Due account is taken of aeroplane configuration,environmental conditions and the operation ofsystems which may have an adverse effect onperformance.cThe development of procedures for obstacleavoidance during take-off, landing and balkedlanding takes into account aerodrome obstacledata.125.510 Accuracy of available dataThe operator shall take account of the accuracyof charts and other data used during performanceplanning, when assessing whether a flight can besafely operated.125.515 Performance dataThe operator shall ensure that for each aircraft itoperates the performance data used is:a contained in the aircraft flight manual; orb where provided by the aircraft manufacturer orother source, contained in an equivalentdocument; andcavailable to all flight crew or other personsresponsible for flight planning or aircraftdispatch.125.530 Wet and contaminated runway surfacesThe operator shall ensure that where it isnecessary for a take-off to be made on a runwaycontaminated with water, slush, snow or iceaccount is taken of:a the runway overrun area; andb local wind conditions, including any element oftailwind or crosswind; andcheight of any snow banks adjacent to the runway.125.545 Loss of runway lengthThe operator shall, when calculating distanceavailable for take off, take account of any lengthof the runway which will necessarily be used forlining up the aircraft in the direction of take-off.125.550 Short landings – aeroplanesAn operator needing to use Short LandingOperations (where the distance used for thecalculation of permitted landing mass mayinclude the usable length of the declared safearea) shall require an approval by the Governor.(See Appendix 1 to 125.550)125.555 Steep approaches – aeroplanesAn operator requiring the use of steep approaches(using glideslope angles of 4.5º or more) shallrequire an approval by the Governor. (SeeAppendix 1 to 125.555)125.560 Performance – mass limitationThe operator shall ensure that:a the mass of the aeroplane at the start of any takeoff shall not exceed:1 the mass at which 125.575 or 125.580 can becomplied with; andOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 27 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125bcRequirement2 the mass at which 125.585 and 125.590 can becomplied with, allowing for expected reductionsin mass as the flight proceeds, for any fueljettisoning that may be envisaged, and the use ofalternate aerodromes;in no case shall the mass at the start of take offexceed the maximum take off mass specified inthe flight manual for that pressure altitudeappropriate to the aerodrome elevation and, ifused as a parameter to determine the maximumtake off mass any other local atmosphericcondition;in no case shall the estimated mass for theexpected time of landing at the planneddestination aerodrome and at any destinationalternate aerodrome, exceed the maximumlanding mass specified in the flight manual forthe pressure altitude appropriate to the aerodromeelevation(s), and if used as a parameter todetermine the maximum landing mass, any otherlocal atmospheric condition; andd the mass of the aeroplane at the time of take-off,or at the expected time of landing at thedestination and at any planned alternate does notexceed the maximum mass at which theapplicable noise certification has been grantedunless otherwise authorised by the Governor.125.575 Take-offa The operator shall ensure that an aeroplane ofMTOM greater than 5,700 kg is able, in the eventof a critical power-unit failing at any point in thetake-off, either to discontinue the take-off andstop within either the accelerate-stop distanceavailable or the runway available, or to continuethe take-off and clear all obstacles along the flightpath by an adequate margin until the aeroplane isin a position to comply with 125.585.125.580 Aeroplane climb performancea The operator shall ensure that pilots are providedwith operating instructions and with informationon aeroplane climb performance sufficient toenable the pilot in command to determine theclimb gradient that can be achieved during thedeparture phase for the existing take offconditions and using the intended take offtechnique.b The information required by (a) shall be madeavailable within the operations manual.125.585 En-route massThe operator shall ensure that any aeroplane ofMTOM greater than 5,700kg shall be able, in theevent of the critical engine becoming inoperativeat any point along the route or any planneddiversion route, to continue the flight to anaerodrome at which the requirements of 125.590can be met, without flying below the minimumobstacle clearance altitude at any point.125.590 Landing massThe operator shall ensure that:Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 28 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125aRequirementan aeroplane shall at the planned destinationaerodrome and at any alternate aerodrome, afterclearing all obstacles in the approach path by asafe margin, be able to land, with assurance thatthe aeroplane will be able to come to a stop (orfor a seaplane to a satisfactorily low speed)within the landing distance available; andb when calculating whether an aeroplane will beable to comply with (a), allowance shall be madefor expected variations in the approach andlanding techniques used.Appendix 1 to 121.550 / 125.550 / 135.550Short landing operationsa For the purpose of short landing operations, thedistance used for the calculation of the permittedlanding mass may consist of the usable length ofthe declared safe area plus the declared landingdistance available. The Govenor may approvesuch operations in accordance with the followingcriteria:1 Demonstration of the need for short landingoperations. There must be a clear public interestand operational necessity for the operation, eitherdue to the remoteness of the airport or to physicallimitations relating to extending the runway.2 Aeroplane and operational criteria:i Short landing operations will only be approvedfor aeroplanes where the vertical distancebetween the path of the pilot’s eye and the pathof the lowest part of the wheels, with theaeroplane established on the normal glide path,does not exceed 3 m.ii When establishing aerodrome operating minimathe visibility/RVR must not be less than 1,500 m.In addition, wind limitations must be specified inthe operations manual.ii Minimum pilot experience, training requirementsand special aerodrome familiarisation must bespecified for such operations in the operationsmanual.3 It is assumed that the crossing height over thebeginning of the usable length of the declaredsafe area shall not be less than 50 ft.4 Additional criteria: The Governor may imposesuch additional conditions as are deemednecessary for a safe operation taking into accountthe aeroplane type characteristics, orographiccharacteristics in the approach area, availableapproach aids and missed approach/baulkedlanding considerations. Such additionalconditions may be, for instance, the requirementfor VASI/PAPI -type visual slope indicatorsystem.bAirfield criteria for short landing operations:1 The use of the safe area must be approved by theairport authority.2 The usable length of the declared safe area mustnot exceed 90 m.3 The width of the declared safe area shall not beless than twice the runway width or twice thewing span, whichever is the greater, centred onthe extended runway centre line.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 29 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirement4 The declared safe area must be clear ofobstructions or depressions which wouldendanger an aeroplane undershooting the runwayand no mobile object shall be permitted on thedeclared safe area while the runway is being usedfor short landing operations.5 The slope of the declared safe area must notexceed 5 % upward nor 2 % downward in thedirection of landing.6 For the purpose of this operation, the bearingstrength requirement of the landing distanceavailable need not apply to the declared safe area.Appendix 1 to 121.555 / 125.555 / 135.555Steep approach proceduresa The Governor may approve the application ofsteep approach procedures using glide slopeangles of 4.5° or more, and with screen heights ofless than 50 ft but not less than 35 ft, providedthat the following criteria are met:1 the aeroplane flight manual must state themaximum approved glide slope angle, any otherlimitations, normal, abnormal or emergencyprocedures for the steep approach as well asamendments to the field length data when usingsteep approach criteria;2 a suitable glide path reference system, comprisingat least a visual glide path indicating system,must be available at each aerodrome at whichsteep approach procedures are to be conducted;and3 weather minima must be specified and approvedfor each runway to be used with a steepapproach. Consideration must be given to thefollowing:i the obstacle situation;ii the type of glide path reference and runwayguidance such as visual aids, MLS, 3D–NAV,ILS, LLZ, VOR, NDB;iii the minimum visual reference to be required atDH and MDA;iv available airborne equipment;v pilot qualification and special aerodromefamiliarisation;vi aeroplane flight manual limitations andprocedures; andvii missed approach criteria.Subpart F – Instruments and Equipment125.600 ApplicabilityThis Subpart prescribes the instruments andequipment required for aircraft operating underthis Part.125.605 GeneralThe operator shall ensure that an aircraft does notcommence a flight unless:a the aircraft is equipped with the type and numberof instruments and equipment required by thisSubpart; andb the instruments and equipment shall be of a typeapproved by the Governor either generally or inrelation to a class of aircraft or in relation to thataircraft; andcthe instruments and equipment have beeninstalled in accordance with the aircraftmanufacturer’s instructions or other instructionsacceptable to the Governor.125.610 Inoperative instruments and equipmentOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 30 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125abRequirementExcept as provided in paragraph (b), an aircraftshall not commence a flight with inoperativeinstruments or equipment if it is legally requiredto carry that instrument or equipment, unless thefollowing conditions are met:1 a minimum equipment list (MEL) has beenapproved by the Governor for use with thataircraft; and2 the aircraft records available to the pilot includean entry describing the inoperative instrumentsand equipment; and3 the aircraft is operated in accordance with allapplicable conditions and limitations contained inthe MEL.An aircraft that is not required to hold an MELmay be operated under this Part with inoperativeinstruments and equipment provided theinoperative instruments and equipment:1 are not:i part of the certification instruments andequipment prescribed in the applicableairworthiness requirements under which theaircraft was type certificated; orii required by this Subpart for specific operations;oriii required by an airworthiness directive to be inoperable condition; and2 are placarded "Inoperative" and the requiredmaintenance recorded in accordance with OTARPart 43.125.615 Minimum equipment list (MEL)The operator shall, where a master minimumequipment list (MMEL) exists for the aircraft:a establish, for each aircraft, a minimum equipmentlist (MEL) approved by the Governor. This shallbe based upon, but no less restrictive than, therelevant master minimum equipment list(MMEL); andb ensure the MEL is contained in the operationsmanual; andcnot operate an aircraft other than in accordancewith the MEL unless permitted by the Governor.Any such permission will in no circumstancespermit operation outside the constraints of theMMEL.125.625 Location of instruments and equipmentThe operator shall ensure that:a any instruments and equipment to be operated orused by one pilot can be readily seen andoperated from that pilot's normally seated positionwith the minimum practicable deviation fromnormal line of sight along the flight path; andb any single instrument or item of equipment to beoperated or used by two pilots, is installed so thatit can be readily seen and operated from eachpilot’s normally-seated position.125.630 Markings and placardsThe operator shall ensure that:Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 31 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125abRequirementany placards, listings or instrument markingscontaining prescribed operating limitations shallbe displayed in the aircraft. Each marking andplacard shall be displayed in a conspicuous placeand in such a manner to minimise the risk oferasure, disfigurement, obscuring, or removal;andeach unit of measure used on a marking orplacard shall be the same as that on any relatedinstrument or in the related flight manual; andceach fuel contents gauge shall be clearly markedto indicate the units to which the gauge iscalibrated; andd an aircraft shall be placarded in the immediatevicinity of each fuel and oil filler with thespecification and/or grade of fuel or oil, asappropriate.125.635 Seating and restraintsa An aircraft shall be equipped with:1 a seat or berth for each person on board; and2 a safety belt for each seat and restraining belts foreach berth; and3 for each flight crew member seat: either a safetyharness; or, if the aircraft type certificate allows,a seat belt with a diagonal shoulder strap.bThe safety harness for each flight crew seat shallincorporate:1 a device to automatically restrain the occupant inthe event of rapid deceleration; and2 where practicable, a device to prevent anincapacitated occupant from interfering with thecontrols.Note: Depending on the design, the lock on aninertia reel device may suffice for this purpose.cNotwithstanding paragraph (a)(1) and (2), a seat,berth, safety belt or restraining belt is notrequired for:1 a child being carried in accordance withparagraph 91.355(c)(1); or2 a person being carried during parachuteoperations, unless parachutist restraints arerequired by the aircraft flight manual.d For each required cabin crew member:1 in aircraft with certificate of airworthiness firstissued on or after 1 January 1981, a forward orrearward facing seat (within 15 degrees of thelongitudinal axis of the aircraft), fitted with asafety harness.eCabin crew seats provided in accordance withparagraph (d) shall be located near floor level andclose to emergency exits.125.640 Aircraft operating under VFRa An aircraft shall be equipped with a means ofmeasuring and displaying:1 magnetic heading;2 the time in hours, minutes and seconds;3 barometric altitude;4 indicated airspeed;5 mach number, if the speed limitation prescribedby the aircraft flight manual is expressed in termsof mach number; and6 in a helicopter: slip.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 32 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirementb An aircraft shall be equipped with spare fuses ofappropriate ratings, where necessary, for allelectrical circuits that can be changed in flight (atleast 3 of each rating, or 10 % of the number foreach rating, whichever is greater).125.645 VFR flights operated as controlled flightsAn aircraft flying under the visual flight rules,but as a controlled flight shall be equipped inaccordance with 125.655.125.650 Equipment for flight in icing conditionsAn aircraft shall be certificated and equipped tooperate in icing conditions, for flight incircumstances in which icing conditions arereported to exist or are expected to beencountered.125.655 Aircraft operating at night or under IFRNote: ‘With the surface in sight’ means with theflight crew being able to see sufficient surfacefeatures or surface illumination to enable theflight crew to maintain the aircraft in a desiredattitude without reference to any flightinstrument.a An aircraft flying at night or under IFR or whenthe surface is not in sight shall be equipped witha means of measuring and displaying:1 magnetic heading (standby compass);2 the time in hours, minutes and seconds;3 barometric altitude, from two independentaltimetry sources;4 indicated airspeed, with a means of preventingmalfunctioning due to either condensation oricing; andi mach number, if the speed limitation prescribedby the aircraft flight manual is expressed in termsof mach number;5 in an aeroplane: turn and slip; and in a helicopter:slip;6 for each required pilot: aircraft attitude; exceptbcdi in an aeroplane: one attitude indicator may bereplaced by the turn and slip indicator; andii in a helicopter: an additional means of indicatingaircraft attitude;7 stabilised aircraft heading;8 whether the power supply to the gyroscopicinstruments is adequate;9 outside air temperature; and10 rate of climb and descent.An aircraft shall be equipped with spare fuses asdescribed in 125.640 (b).In an aeroplane of MTOM over 5,700 kg:1 one attitude indicator shall be powered by aseparate power source, which operatesautomatically for at least thirty minutes after totalfailure of the main electrical generating system;and2 shall provide an indication on the instrumentpanel of when the attitude indicator is beingoperated by emergency power.Note: The flight instruments requirements may bemet by combinations of instruments or byelectronic displays provided that the safeguardsagainst total failure, inherent in separateinstruments, are maintained (see 125.660).When operating at night, the following lights:Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 33 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirement1 lights, as required by the Rules of the Air;2 illumination for all flight instruments andequipment that are essential for the safe operationof the aircraft;4 lights in all passenger compartments;5 for an aeroplane a landing light;for a helicopter a landing light which shall betrainable in the vertical plane; and6 an electric flashlight for every crew member.125.660 Glass cockpit systemsAn aircraft with advanced cockpit automationsystems (glass cockpit) shall have systemredundancy that provides flight crew withattitude, heading, airspeed and altitudeindications in case of failure of the primarysystem or display.125.665 Altitude alerting systema An aeroplane powered by one or more turbinejets, or a turbine-engined aeroplane of MTOMover 5,700 kg shall be equipped with an altitudealerting system or device.b An altitude alerting system or device required byparagraph (a) shall:1 be capable of alerting the pilot to an approachingpre-selected altitude by means of visual and auralsignals, such that it is possible to establish levelflight from climb or descent without exceedingthe pre-selected altitude; and2 be able to be tested without special equipment todetermine proper operation of alerting signals;and3 accept barometric pressure settings if the deviceoperates on barometric pressure; and4 enable use of pre-selected altitudes in incrementscommensurate with the altitudes at which theaeroplane is approved for use.125.670 Communication equipmenta An aircraft shall be equipped with:1 radio communication equipment that is capableof providing continuous two-waycommunications with an appropriate ATS unit oraeronautical telecommunications facility, and forreceiving meteorological information, at any timeduring flight; and2 a headset with a boom or throat microphone.b The radio communication equipment shallprovide for communication on the emergencyfrequency 121.5 MHz.cFor flights in defined portions of airspace or onroutes where a Required CommunicationsPerformance (RCP) type has been prescribed, anaircraft shall, in addition:1 be provided with communication equipmentwhich will enable it to operate in accordancewith the prescribed RCP type(s); and2 be approved by the Governor for operations insuch airpsace.d Communication equipment shall be installed suchthat failure of one unit will not result in thefailure of another unit.125.675 Navigation equipmenta An aircraft shall be equipped with a navigationsystem which will enable the aircraft to proceedin accordance with:1 the flight plan; and2 the requirements of ATC.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 34 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125bcdeRequirementAn aircraft shall be sufficiently provided withnavigation equipment to ensure that, in the eventof the failure of one item of equipment at anystage of the flight, the remaining equipment willenable the aircraft to navigate in accordance withthe applicable requirements.For operations where a navigation specificationfor performance-based navigation (PBN) hasbeen prescribed, an aeroplane shall, in addition,be provided with navigation equipment whichwill enable it to operate in accordance with theprescribed navigation specification(s) and beapproved in accordance with Subpart SPA.An aircraft operating in airspace where minimumnavigation performance specifications (MNPS)are prescribed shall:1 be equipped with navigation equipment capableof continuously and accurately indicating to theflight crew adherence to or departure from track;and2 be approved in accordance with Subpart SPA.An aircraft operating in RVSM airspace shall be:1 provided with equipment capable of:i indicating to the flight crew the flight level beingflown; andii automatically maintaining a selected flight levelto within ± 65 feet; andiii providing an aural and visual alert to the flightcrew when a deviation from the selected flightlevel occurs. The threshold for the alert shall notexceed 300 feet (90 metres); and2 approved in accordance with Subpart SPA.fAll required radio navigation equipment shallcomply with the FM-immunity requirements ofICAO Annex 10 Volumes I and III.g Any radio navigation equipment fitted on theaircraft that does not comply with the FM-Immunity requirements of ICAO Annex 10 shallbe placarded to alert flight crew to the potentialfor radio interference.125.680 Landing in instrument meteorologicalconditionsAn aircraft that may require to land in instrumentmeteorological conditions shall be provided withradio equipment appropriate to the aids to beused. This equipment shall be capable ofreceiving signals to provide guidance to a pointfrom which a visual landing can be made at anyaerodrome used and for any designated alternateaerodrome.125.685 Category II and III precision approachequipmentAn aircraft conducting a Category II, other thanStandard Category II, or Category III operationshall be equipped and approved in accordancewith Subpart SPA.125.690 Crew intercom and public address systemThe operator shall ensure that, other than forsingle pilot operations, an aircraft is equippedwith:a crew member intercom system.125.700 Medical and emergency equipmenta An aircraft shall be equipped with:1 one or more first aid kits, stowed in accessibleplaces; andOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 35 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125bcdRequirement2 medical supplies appropriate to the number ofpassengers the aircraft is certified to carry.Contents of first aid kits shall be appropriate tothe nature of the flight, and suitable to treat minorinjuries.An aircraft shall be equipped with:1 at least one fire extinguisher, located in reach of aflight crew member and of a type that will notinterfere with the proper functioning of essentialaircraft equipment; and2 at least one fire extinguisher in eachcompartment that is separate from the pilots’compartment.Any agent used in a built-in fire extinguisher foreach lavatory disposal receptacle for towels,paper or waste in an aircraft for which theindividual certificate of airworthiness is firstissued on or after 31 December 2011 and anyextinguishing agent used in a portable fireextinguisher in an aircraft for which theindividual certificate of airworthiness is firstissued on or after 31 December 2016 shall not beof a type listed in Annex A, Group II of theMontreal Protocol on Substances That Depletethe Ozone Layer , 8th Edition, 2009.Note: Information concerning extinguishingagents is contained in the UNEP HalonsTechnical Options Committee Technical NoteNo. 1 – New Technology Halon Alternatives andFAA Report No. DOT/FAA/AR-99-63, Optionsto the Use of Halons for Aircraft FireSuppression Systems.125.705 Emergency locator transmittera All required ELTs shall operate in accordancewith the requirements of ICAO Annex 10,Volume III and be capable of transmitting on121.5 MHz and 406 MHz.b All ELTs capable of transmitting on 406 MHzmust be coded in accordance with ICAO Annex10 and registered with the agency responsible forthe maintenance of the aircraft register.cdAeroplanes –Except as provided in paragraph (d) an aeroplaneshall carry at least one ELT of any type.An aeroplane for which the individual certificateof airworthiness was first issued after 1 July 2008shall be equipped with at least one automaticELT.Helicopters –e Performance Class 1 and 2 operations –1 A helicopter operating in performance Class 1 or2 shall be equipped with at least one automaticELT; and2 when flying over water as described in 125.715,with at least one automatic ELT and one ELT(S)in a raft or life jacket.f Performance Class 3 operations –1 A helicopter operating in performance Class 3shall be equipped with at least one automaticELT; and2 when flying over water as described in 125.715,with at least one automatic ELT and one ELT(S)in a raft or life jacket.125.710 Survival equipmentOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 36 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125abcdRequirementThe operator shall ensure that:An aircraft shall carry survival equipment andsignalling devices appropriate to the areas to beoverflown.The decision on the equipment to be carried shallbe made with regard to the circumstances of theflight; andFor an aircraft operating over water,consideration of the risks to survival of theoccupants of the aircraft in the event of a ditchingshall take into account, but not be limited to, thefollowing:1 the operating environment; and2 conditions such as sea state, sea and airtemperature; and3 the distance from land suitable for making anemergency landing; and4 the availability of search and rescue facilities.A record of the risk assessement carried outunder (c) shall be maintained and revised asnecessary in accordance with the requirements ofthe operator's safety management system.eThe equipment carried shall include, asappropriate, the equipment specified in paragraph125.715.125.715 Flights over waterThe operator shall ensure that:a Liferafts, lifejackets, and signalling devicesrequired by this paragraph shall be installed inconspicuously identified locations and easilyaccessible in the event of a ditching.b Each lifejacket required by this paragraph shall:cdef1 be equipped with a whistle and a survivor locatorlight; and2 be stowed in a place which is easily accessiblefrom the seat or berth of the person for whose useit is provided.An aircraft flying over water beyond gliding orautorotational distance from land shall beequipped with a lifejacket for every person onboard.An aircraft when taking off or landing at anaerodrome or heliport where, in the opinion ofthe Governor, the take-off or approach path is sodisposed over water that in the event of a mishapthere would be a likelihood of a ditching, shall beequipped with a lifejacket for every person onboard.A seaplane or amphibian aeroplane operatedon water, shall be equipped with:1 equipment for making sound signals, asprescribed by the International Regulations forPreventing Collisions at Sea; and2 one sea anchor; and3 equipment necessary for mooring, anchoring ormanoeuvring the aircraft on water, appropriate tothe size, mass and handling characteristics of theaircraft.Aeroplanes flying over water –An aeroplane flying over water shall, whereindicated by the assessment in 125.710(c), beequipped with:Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 37 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirement1 liferafts in sufficient numbers to carry all personson board, stowed so as to facilitate their readyuse in emergency, provided with such life-savingequipment, including means of sustaining life, asis appropriate to the flight to be undertaken; andh2 equipment for making the distress signalsdescribed in the Rules of the Air.3 any additional equipment decided by reference tothe assessment in 125. 710(c).Helicopters flying over water –A helicopter operating over water shall:1 If required to carry more than one liferaft, have atleast 50 per cent of the liferafts deployable byremote control. Rafts which are not deployableby remote control and which have a mass of morethan 40 kg shall be equipped with some means ofmechanically assisted deployment; and2 When two life-rafts are fitted, each shall be ableto carry all occupants in the overload state.Note: The overload state is a design safetymargin of 1.5 times the maximum capacity.Performance Class 1 and 2 operations –3 A helicopter operating in performance Class 1 or2 when flying over water at a distance from landcorresponding to more than 10 minutes at normalcruise speed, shall be equipped as follows:i certificated for ditching or, for coastal transitoperations only, be fitted with a permanent orrapidly deployable means of flotation so as toensure a safe ditching of the helicopter; andii liferaft(s) sufficient to carry all persons on board,suitably equipped to sustain life in the expectedconditions; andiii equipment for making the distress signalsdescribed in the Rules of the Air; andiv any additional equipment decided by reference tothe assessment in 125.710(c).Performance Class 3 operations –4 A helicopter operating in performance Class 3when flying beyond auto-rotational or safe forcedlanding distance from land, shall be equipped asfollows:i be fitted with a permanent or rapidly deployablemeans of flotation so as to ensure a safe ditchingof the helicopter; andii when not precluded by consideration related tothe type of helicopter used, life raft(s) sufficientto carry all persons on board, suitably equipped tosustain life in the expected conditions; andiii equipment for making the distress signalsdescribed in the Rules of the Air.iv any additional equipment decided by reference tothe assessment in 125.710(c).125.720 Transpondera An aircraft shall be equipped with a pressurealtitudereporting transponder which operates inaccordance with the provisions of Annex 10,Volume IV.125.725 Passenger safety instructionsAn aircraft shall be equipped with a means ofconveying the following information andinstructions to passengers:a when seat belts are to be fastened; andOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 38 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125bcdefRequirementwhen and how any oxygen equipment that isrequired to be carried is to be used; andrestrictions on smoking; andlocation and use of lifejackets, and lifecots ifcarried; andlocation of emergency equipment; andlocation and method of opening emergency exits.125.730 Oxygen indicatorsAn aircraft operated at altitudes above flight level130, or for more than 30 minutes between flightlevel 100 up to and including flight level 130,shall be equipped with a means of indicating:ato the flight crew:1 the amount of breathing oxygen available in eachsource of supply and whether the oxygen is beingdelivered to the dispensing units; and2 in a pressurised aircraft, by visual or auralwarning, when the cabin pressure altitudeexceeds 10,000 feet; andb to each user of an individual breathing oxygendispensing unit, the amount of oxygen availableand whether the oxygen is being delivered to thedispensing unit.125.735 Oxygen equipment and supplies for nonpressurisedaircraftThe operator shall ensure that:An aircraft with a non-pressurised cabin that isoperated at altitudes above flight level 100 shallbe equipped with oxygen storage and dispensingequipment to supply the following:1 at altitudes up to and including flight level 130for any period in excess of 30 minutes:stored breathing oxygen for continuous use by allcrew members and 10 % of the passengers; and2 at altitudes above flight level 130:stored breathing oxygen for continuous use by allcrew members and passengers.125.740 Oxygen equipment and supplies forpressurised aircrafta An aircraft with a pressurised cabin that is to beoperated at altitudes above flight level 100 shallbe equipped with:1 a crew member on-demand oxygen maskaccessible to each flight crew member andcapable of providing a continuous supply ofstored breathing oxygen for that time followingfailure of the pressurisation system that the cabinpressure altitude would exceed 10,000 feet; andb2 the following equipment that is readily accessibleto each crew member, other than flight crew, attheir normally-seated position:i a crew member on demand oxygen mask; orii a passenger oxygen mask; andiii portable breathing equipment for immediate usecontaining the greater of 120 litres of oxygen orthe quantity of oxygen required for continuoususe for that time the cabin pressure altitudewould exceed 10,000 feet.For the purposes of paragraph (a), the calculationof the oxygen requirements in the event ofpressurisation failure is to take into account:Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 39 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirement1 the time necessary for an emergency descent andthe recovery phase to level flight at a safealtitude; and2 any subsequent stage of the flight prior to landingwhen it may be necessary for the aircraft to beflown at an altitude above flight level 100.cAn aeroplane with a pressurised cabin that is tobe operated at altitudes above flight level 250shall carry the equipment and supplies inparagraph (a) and:1 a quick donning crew member on-demand maskreadily accessible to each flight crew member attheir normally seated position; and2 in no case less than 10 minutes' oxygen supply forall passengers carried.d An aircraft operated above flight level 100 up toand including flight level 250 that cannotdescend safely within four minutes to an altitudeequal or lower than flight level 130 shall carry aminimum of 10 minutes' oxygen supply for allpassengers carried.125.750 Flight recorders – construction andinstallationa The operator shall ensure that any required flightrecorder:1 is constructed, located and installed so as toprovide maximum practical protection for therecordings in order that the recorded informationmay be preserved, recovered and transcribed; and2 meets the prescribed crashworthiness and fireprotection specifications.Note 1: Industry crashworthiness and fireprotection specifications for FDR, CVR, AIR andDLR are as contained in the EUROCAE ED-112,Minimum Operational Performance Specification(MOPS) for Crash Protected Airborne RecorderSystems, or equivalent documents.Note 2: Industry crashworthiness and fireprotection specifications for ADRS and CARSare as contained in the EUROCAE ED-155,Minimum Operational PerformanceSpecifications (MOPS) for Lightweight FlightRecording Systems, or equivalent documents.125.755 Flight recorders – flight data recorder (FDR)and alternativesNote 1: FDR and AIR performance requirementsare as contained in the EUROCAE ED-112,Minimum Operational Performance Specification(MOPS) for Crash Protected Airborne RecorderSystems, or equivalent documents.aNote 2: ADRS performance requirements are ascontained in the EUROCAE ED-155, MinimumOperational Performance Specification (MOPS)for Lightweight Flight Recorder Systems, orequivalent documents.Note 3: Parameters to be recorded are listed inTable 2.3-1 and 2.3-3 of Appendix 2.3 to ICAOAnnex 6 Part II (for aeroplanes), and Table A5-1and A5-3 of Appendix 5 to Annex 6 Part III (forhelicopters).Where an aircraft is required to be equipped withflight recorder systems, the requirements may bemet singly or in combination, as follows:Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 40 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125bcRequirement1 An aeroplane with MTOM exceeding 5,700 kg,required to be equipped with a FDR and a CVR,may alternatively be equipped with twocombination recorders (FDR/CVR).2 A multi-engined turbine-powered aeroplane withMTOM of 5,700 kg or less, required to beequipped with a FDR and/or a CVR, mayalternatively be equipped with one combinationrecorder (FDR/CVR).3 Combination recorders (FDR/CVR) may be usedto meet the flight recorder equipage requirementsfor helicopters.A turbine-engined aeroplane with MTOM of5,700 kg or less for which the individualcertificate of airworthiness is first issued on orafter 1 January 2016 shall be equipped with:1 a Type II FDR; or2 a Class C AIR capable of recording flight pathand speed parameters displayed to the pilot(s); or3 an ADRS capable of recording the essentialparameters. (See Note 3 above, regarding theparameters to be recorded.)An aeroplane for which the application for typecertification is submitted to an ICAO ContractingState on or after 1 January 2016 and which isrequired to be fitted with an FDR, shall recordthe following parameters at a maximumrecording interval of 0.125 seconds:1 Pilot input and/or control surface position –primary controls (pitch, roll, yaw).Note 4: For aeroplanes with control systems inwhich movement of a control surface will backdrive the pilot’s control, “or” applies. Foraeroplanes with control systems in whichmovement of a control surface will not back drivethe pilot’s control, “and” applies. In aeroplaneswith independent moveable surfaces, eachsurface needs to be recorded separately. Inaeroplanes with independent pilot input onprimary controls, each pilot input on primarycontrols needs to be recorded separately.defNote 5: “The application for type certification issubmitted to an ICAO Contracting State” refersto the date of application of the original “Typecertificate” for the aeroplane type, not the date ofcertification of particular aeroplane variation orderivative models.An aeroplane with MTOM exceeding 5,700 kgfor which the individual certificate ofairworthiness was first issued after 1 January2005 shall be equipped with a Type IA FDR.Flight data recorders - aeroplanes for which theindividual certificate of airworthiness was firstissued on or after 1 January 1989:1 An aeroplane with MTOM exceeding 27,000 kgshall be equipped with a Type I FDR.2 An aeroplane with MTOM exceeding 5,700 kg,up to and including 27,000 kg, shall be equippedwith a Type II FDR.A helicopter with MTOM exceeding 3,180 kg forwhich the individual certificate of airworthinessis first issued on or after 1 January 2016 shall beequipped with a Type IVA FDR.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 41 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125ghijklRequirementFlight data recorders - helicopters for which theindividual certificate of airworthiness was firstissued on or after 1 January 1989:1 A helicopter with MTOM exceeding 7,000 kg, orwith a maximum approved passenger seatingconfiguration of more than 19 shall be equippedwith a Type IV FDR.2 A helicopter with MTOM exceeding 3,180 kg,up to and including 7,000 kg, shall be equippedwith a Type V FDR.Types I and IA FDRs shall record the parametersrequired to determine accurately the aeroplaneflight path, speed, attitude, engine power,configuration and operation.Types II and IIA FDRs shall record theparameters required to determine accurately theaeroplane flight path, speed, attitude, enginepower and configuration of lift and drag devices.A Type IV FDR shall record the parametersrequired to determine accurately the helicopterflight path, speed, attitude, engine power andoperation.A Type IVA FDR shall record the parametersrequired to determine accurately the helicopterflight path, speed, attitude, engine power,operation and configuration.A Type V FDR shall record the parametersrequired to determine accurately the helicopterflight path, speed, attitude and engine power.m 1 FDRs shall be capable of retaining theinformation recorded during at least the last 25hours of their operation; except2 Type IV, IVA and V FDRs shall be capable ofretaining the information recorded during at leastthe last 10 hours of their operation; and3 Type IIA FDRs shall be capable of retaining theinformation recorded during the last 30 minutesof their operation.n The use of the following FDRs shall bediscontinued:1 Engraving metal foil FDRs.2 Photographic film FDRs.3 Analogue FDRs using frequency modulation(FM).4 Magnetic tape FDRs by 1 January 2016.125.760 Flight recorders – cockpit voice recorder(CVR) and cockpit audio recording system(CARS)Note 1: CVR performance requirements are ascontained in the EUROCAE ED-112 MinimumOperational Performance Specification (MOPS)for Crash Protected Airborne Recorder Systems,or equivalent documents.Note 2: CARS performance requirements are ascontained in the EUROCAE ED-155, MinimumOperational Performance Specification (MOPS)for Lightweight Flight Recording Systems, orequivalent documents.a A turbine-engined aeroplane with MTOMexceeding 5,700 kg for which the application fortype certification is submitted to an ICAOContracting State on or after 1 January 2016 andrequired to be operated by more than one pilotshall be equipped with a CVR.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 42 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125bcdRequirementA turbine-engined aeroplane with MTOM of5,700 kg or less for which the individualcertificate of airworthiness is first issued on orafter 1 January 2016 and required to be operatedby more than one pilot shall be equipped witheither a CVR or a CARS.Cockpit voice recorders – aeroplanes for whichthe individual certificate of airworthiness wasfirst issued on or after 1 January 1987:1 An aeroplane with MTOM exceeding 27,000 kgshall be equipped with a CVR.2 An aeroplane with MTOM exceeding 5,700 kg,up to and including 27,000 kg, shall be equippedwith a CVR.Cockpit voice recorders – helicopters for whichthe individual certificate of airworthiness wasfirst issued on or after 1 January 1987:1 A helicopter with MTOM exceeding 7,000 kgshall be equipped with a CVR. For helicoptersnot equipped with an FDR, at least main rotorspeed shall be recorded on the CVR.ef2 A helicopter with MTOM exceeding 3,180 kgshall be equipped with a CVR. For helicoptersnot equipped with an FDR, at least main rotorspeed shall be recorded on the CVR.Cockpit voice recorders - helicopters for whichthe individual certificate of airworthiness wasfirst issued before 1 January 1987:1 A helicopter with MTOM exceeding 7,000 kgshall be equipped with a CVR. For helicoptersnot equipped with an FDR, at least main rotorspeed shall be recorded on the CVR.All CVRs shall be capable of retaining theinformation recorded during at least the last 30minutes of their operation; with the followingexceptions:1 From 1 January 2016, all required CVRs shall becapable of retaining the information recordedduring at least the last two hours of theiroperation;2 An aeroplane for which the individual certificateof airworthiness was first issued on or after 1January 1990, and that is required to be equippedwith a CVR, shall have a CVR capable ofretaining the information recorded during at leastthe last two hours of its operation; and3 A helicopter for which the individual certificateof airworthiness was first issued on or after 1January 1990, and that is required to be equippedwith a CVR, shall have a CVR capable ofretaining the information recorded during at leastthe last two hours of its operation.g The use of magnetic tape and wire CVRs shall bediscontinued by 1 January 2016.125.765 Flight recorders – data link recordersOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 43 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125aRequirementNote: Data link recorders performancerequirements are as contained in the EUROCAEED-112, Minimum Operational PerformanceSpecification (MOPS) for Crash ProtectedAirborne Recorder Systems, or equivalentdocuments.An aeroplane for which the individual certificateof airworthiness is first issued on or after 1January 2016, which utilizes any of the data linkcommunications applications listed in 5.1.2 ofAppendix 2.3 to ICAO Annex 6 Part II and isrequired to carry a CVR, shall record on a flightrecorder the data link communications messages.b An aeroplane which is modified on or after 1January 2016 to install and utilize any of the datalink communications applications listed in 5.1.2of Appendix 2.3 to ICAO Annex 6 Part II(aeroplanes) and is required to carry a CVR, shallrecord on a flight recorder the data linkcommunications messages.cA helicopter for which the individual certificateof airworthiness is first issued on or after 1January 2016, which utilizes any of the data linkcommunications applications listed in 5.1.2 ofAppendix 5 to ICAO Annex 6 Part III and isrequired to carry a CVR, shall record on a flightrecorder the data link communications messages.d A helicopter which is modified on or after 1January 2016, to install and utilize any of the datalink communications applications listed in 5.1.2of Appendix 5 to ICAO Annex 6 Part III and isrequired to carry a CVR, shall record on a flightrecorder the data link communications messages.Note 1: Data link communications are currentlyconducted by either ATN-based or FANS 1/Aequippedaircraft.Note 2: A Class B AIR could be a means forrecording data link communications applicationsmessages to and from the aeroplanes where it isnot practical or is prohibitively expensive torecord those data link communicationsapplications messages on FDR or CVR.eThe minimum recording duration shall be equalto the duration of the CVR.fData link recording shall be able to be correlatedto the recorded cockpit audio.125.770 Ground proximity warning systema A turbine-engined aeroplane of MTOM 5,700 kgor less and with a maximum approved passengerseating configuration of more than 5 but not morethan 9 seats shall be equipped with a groundproximity warning system which has a forwardlooking terrain avoidance function.bA turbine-engined aeroplane with MTOMexceeding 5,700 kg or with a maximum approvedpassenger seating configuration of more than 9seats shall be equipped with a ground proximitywarning system which has a forward lookingterrain avoidance function.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 44 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125cdeRequirementA piston-engined aeroplane with MTOMexceeding 5,700 kg or with a maximum approvedpassenger seating configuration of more than 9seats shall be equipped with a ground proximitywarning system which has a forward lookingterrain avoidance function.A ground proximity warning system required tobe carried in accordance with paragraph (a), (b)or (c) shall provide an automatic and distinctivewarning to the flight crew when the aeroplane isin potentially hazardous proximity to the earth’ssurface.A ground proximity warning system required tobe carried in accordance with paragraph (a), (b)or (c) shall provide, as a minimum, warnings of atleast the following circumstances:1 excessive descent rate;2 excessive altitude loss after take-off or goaround;and3 unsafe terrain clearance.Note: Terrain Awareness and Warning System(TAWS) Class B will provide the parametersrequired in (e) above.fA turbine-engined aeroplane with MTOMexceeding 5 700 kg, or with a maximumapproved passenger seating configuration ofmore than 9 seats for which the individualcertificate of airworthiness was first issued after1 January 2011 shall be equipped with a groundproximity warning system which has a forwardlooking terrain avoidance function.g A ground proximity warning system required tobe carried in accordance with paragraph (f) shallprovide an automatic and distinctive warning tothe flight crew when the aeroplane is inpotentially hazardous proximity to the earth’ssurface.h A ground proximity warning system required tobe carried in accordance with paragraph (f) shallprovide, as a minimum, warnings of at least thefollowing circumstances:1 excessive descent rate;2 excessive terrain closure rate;3 excessive altitude loss after take-off or goaround;4 unsafe terrain clearance while not in the landingconfiguration;1) gear not locked down;2) flaps not in a landing position; and5 excessive descent below the instrument glidepath.Note: Terrain Awareness and Warning System(TAWS) Class A will provide the parametersrequired in (h) above.125.775 Significant weather detectionA pressurised aeroplane:when carrying passengers shall be equipped withoperative weather radar or other significantweatherdetecting equipment capable of detectingthunderstorms whenever the aeroplane is beingoperated in areas where such conditions may beexpected to exist along the route in instrumentmeteorological conditions or at night.125.785 Airborne collision avoidance system (ACASII)Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 45 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125abRequirementAn airborne collision avoidance system shalloperate in accordance with the relevantprovisions of ICAO Annex 10, Volume IV.Note 1: TCAS II Version 7 is the only systemwhich is compliant with ICAO ACAS II technicalstandards.Note 2: TCAS II Version 7.1 is required forcompliance with ICAO ACAS II technicalstandards from 1 January 2017.A turbine-engined aeroplane with MTOMexceeding 15,000kg or with a maximumapproved passenger seating configuration ofmore than 30 seats, for which the individualcertificate of airworthiness was first issued after1 January 2007 shall be equipped with anairborne collision avoidance system (ACAS II).cA turbine-engined aeroplane with MTOMexceeding 15,000 kg or with a maximumapproved passenger seating configuration ofmore than 30 seats, for which the individualcertificate of airworthiness was first issued after24 November 2005, shall be equipped with anairborne collision avoidance system (ACAS II)no later than 1 January 2014.d A turbine-engined aeroplane with MTOMexceeding 5,700 kg but not exceeding 15,000 kg,or with a maximum approved passenger seatingconfiguration of more than 19 seats, for whichthe individual certificate of airworthiness wasfirst issued after 1 January 2008, shall beequipped with an airborne collision avoidancesystem (ACAS II).125.790 Cosmic radiation detection equipmenta An aeroplane flying above 49,000 feet shall carryequipment to measure and indicate continuouslythe dose rate of total cosmic radiation beingreceived (i.e. the total of ionizing and neutronradiation of galactic and solar origin) and thecumulative dose on each flight.Subpart G – Maintenance91.900 Continued airworthiness managementThe owner or lessee of an aircraft registered in theTerritory shall:a have continued airworthiness managementarrangements in compliance with OTAR Part 39; andb The display unit of the equipment shall be readilyvisible to a flight crew member.bhave appointed a person, acceptable to the Governor,who will ensure that appropriate arrangements are inplace for continued airworthiness management.Subpart H – Crew Requirements91.905 Composition of crewa An aircraft shall not fly unless it carries a flight crewof the number and description required by the law ofthe country in which it is registered.b An aircraft shall carry a flight crew adequate innumber and description to ensure the safety of theaircraft but no fewer than that specified in the flightmanual, or other documents associated with thecertificate of airworthiness or permit to fly.91.910 Flight crew qualification 125.910 Flight crew qualificationThe pilot-in-command shall satisfy himself that:Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 46 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125a each flight crew member assigned to duty holds anappropriate licence issued or validated by the State ofRegistry of the aircraft; andb flight crew members are properly rated in respect oftheir assigned duty; andc the licence is current and includes the appropriaterating, andd flight crew members are competent to carry out theirassigned duties.e where an aircraft is equipped with an airbornecollision avoidance system, each flight crew memberhas been appropriately trained to competency in theuse of that equipment and the avoidance ofcollisions.91.915 Flight crew recency 125.915 Flight crew recencyaNo person shall act as pilot-in-command of anaircraft carrying passengers, unless:1 on the same type of aircraft within the immediatelypreceding 90 days, that pilot has made at least threetake-offs and three landings; or2 has otherwise demonstrated competence on anapproved synthetic flight training device approvedfor the purpose; or3 has satisfactorily demonstrated to a flight examiner,continued proficiency in an aircraft of the same type.RequirementThe operator shall ensure, by use of appropriateprocedures, that the requirements of 91.910 aremet.The operator shall not assign a pilot to operate atthe controls of an aircraft carrying passengersunless that pilot has made at least three take offsand landings in the preceding 90 days on thesame type or variant of aircraft or on a flightsimulator approved for the purpose.125.920 Flight crew duty assignmentThe operator shall:a designate a pilot to act as pilot-in-command foreach flight;b designate any additional flight crew member thatmay be required by the type of aircraft operated,the type of operation to be performed and theduration of the flight to augment the minimumcrew specified in the aircraft flight manual;cassign to each member of flight crew thefunctions to be carried out in the event of anaircraft emergency and of an emergencyevacuation becoming necessary; andd ensure that whenever an aircraft includes aseparate flight engineer’s station the assignedflight crew includes at least one flight engineerespecially assigned to that station, unless theduties associated with that station can adequatelybe performed by another flight crew memberholding a flight engineer licence withoutinterference with regular duties.125.940 Cabin crew duty assignmenta The operator shall determine the number of cabincrew required for each aircraft operation takingaccount of:1 seating capacity of the aircraft: and2 number of passengers carried; and3 the necessary functions to be performed in anemergency or a situation requiring emergencyevacuation; and4 the need to effect a safe and expeditiousevacuation of the aircraft.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 47 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirementb The operator shall assign to cabin crew thefunctions to be carried out in the event of anaircraft emergency and of an emergencyevacuation becoming necessary.125.945 Task specialists – emergency functionsThe operator shall assign to any task specialistthe functions to be carried out in the event of anaircraft emergency and of an emergencyevacuation becoming necessary.Subpart I – Training[Not used] 125.950 Training programmes – generala The operator shall establish and maintain atraining programme to ensure that any personassigned duties in relation to the safe operation ofthe operator’s aircraft has the training necessaryto perform their assigned duties.bcdefghijkThe training programme shall be designed toensure that any person assigned duties in relationto the safe operation of the operator’s aircraft hasachieved the necessary level of competency andis able to maintain that level of competency.The training programme shall include skills inrelation to human performance and awareness ofthe operator's safety management system (SMS)as appropriate to the area of work.The training programme shall be reviewedperiodically to ensure that training elements areincluded with regard to significant safety risks,taking account of the nature of the operation.Ground and flight training programmes shall beestablished either through internal programmesor through the use of a training services provider.The operator shall include the trainingprogramme syllabus within the operations manualeither directly or by reference to a trainingmanual.Training programmes for flight crew shall consistof ground and flight training on the type(s) ofaircraft on which the flight crew member servesand shall include training in normal proceduresand all types of emergency or abnormalsituations.Flight crew shall be trained in the use of theoperator’s standard operating procedures.The training programme shall be given on arecurrent basis, at least annually, and shallinclude an assessment of competence.The operator shall utilise aircraft flight simulatorsas part of the training programme for flight crewto the maximum extent practicable.Training programmes for flight crew shallinclude:1 training to competency for all equipment installedon the aircraft, on a permanent or temporarybasis, or for the purpose of carrying out a specifictask;2 knowledge and skills related to the operationaluse of head-up display (HUD) and/or enhancedvision systems (EVS) for those aircraft soequipped; and3 knowledge of:i crew resource management;ii threat and error management;Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 48 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirementiii dangerous goods requirements (whether or notthe operator holds an approval to carry dangerousgoods); andiv any particular requirements that apply to theoperation.125.955 Security training programmeThe operator shall establish and maintain asecurity training programme to ensure that anycrew member is able to take appropriate action toprevent acts of unlawful interference and tominimise the consequences of such occurrencesshould they occur.125.1045 Cabin crew traininga The training programme required by 125.950shall provide for cabin crew to be trained innormal, abnormal and emergency situations,including the emergency evacuation of theaircraft, before being assigned duty as a cabincrew member.b Cabin crew shall receive training in their actionsand responsibilities in regard to the carriage ofdangerous goods.125.1050 Task specialistsa The training programme required by 125.950shall provide for task specialists to be trained innormal, abnormal and emergency situations,including the emergency evacuation of theaircraft, before being assigned to duty.b Task specialists shall receive training in theiractions and responsibilities in regard to thecarriage of any items of dangerous goods.125.1055 Flight operations officers/flight dispatchersThe operator shall ensure that any personassigned as a flight operations officer/flightdispatcher is trained and maintainsfamiliarization with all features of the operationwhich are pertinent to their duties, includingknowledge and skills related to human factors.Subpart J – Crew Member Competency Requirements125.1115 Operator proficiency check (OPC)Note 1: The checks required by this paragraphmay be combined with tests or checks conductedfor the renewal of licence privileges, provided thecheck pilot is appropriately authorised inaccordance with the laws and regulations of theState that issued the licence or validation, asappropriate.a The operator shall ensure that piloting technique,the use of standard operating procedures and theability to execute emergency procedures ischecked periodically in such a way as todemonstrate the pilot’s competence.bThe operator shall ensure that a pilot’scompetence to comply with the instrument flightrules is demonstrated at least every 13 monthseither to a check pilot of the operator or anothercheck pilot authorised by the Governor.Note 2: The periodicity of the checks referred toin (a) and (b) is dependent upon the complexityof both the aeroplane and the operation.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 49 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125RequirementcFor low visibility operations, the OPC shall bevalid for a period of six calendar months inaddition to the remainder of the month of issue; ifthe OPC is conducted within the final 3 calendarmonths of the previous OPC with the sameoperator, the OPC shall be valid from the date ofissue until 6 calendar months from the expiry ofthe previous OPC.Note 3: Recurrent training and checkingrequirements for low visibility operations,coordinated with the OPC requirement in (c)above, are set out in Appendix 1 toSPA.015.LVO paragraph (g).Subpart K – Fatigue Management125.1200 Fatigue management schemea The operator shall establish and implement afatigue management scheme to ensure that allpersonnel involved in the operation of aircraft donot carry out their duties when fatigued.b The fatigue management scheme shall establishflight time, flight duty period, duty period andrest period limitations for aircraft crew members.cDetails of the fatigue management scheme shallbe recorded in the operations manual.125.1205 Fatigue management scheme – Variationsa Where the fatigue management scheme permitsdiscretionary variations of the flight or duty timelimitations, the scheme shall specify:1 the identity of the person or persons authorised toapprove variations; and2 the method to be used to assess the risksassociated with exceeding the specifiedlimitations, and the actions to be taken to ensurethere is no degradation in the safety of thataircraft operation.b No variation of the specified flight or duty timelimitations shall be made if the pilot-in-commandbelieves that the variation would be detrimentalto the safety of that aircraft operation.cWhen variation of the specified limitations of thefatigue management scheme occur, the detailsshall be recorded in writing, including the nameof the person approving the variation, theassessment of risk carried out and relatedmitigating action.d Records of any variation of the limitations of thefatigue management scheme shall be retained forthe period specified in 91.1265, or longer ifspecified by the operator’s safety managementsystem.125.1210 Fatigue – Operator responsibilitiesa The operator shall not cause or permit any personto fly in an aircraft as a crew member if theoperator knows or has reason to believe that theperson is suffering from, or, having regard to thecircumstances of the flight to be undertaken, islikely to suffer from, such fatigue while they areso flying as may endanger the safety of theaircraft or its occupants.bThe operator shall:1 keep an accurate record of the flight times, flightduty periods, duty periods and rest periods ofeach crew member; and2 retain the record for the period specified in91.1265.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 50 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirement91.1215 Fatigue – Crew member responsibilities 125.1215 Fatigue – Crew member responsibilitiesA person shall not act as a flight crew member of anaircraft registered in the Territory if at the beginningof the flight the aggregate of all his previous flighttimes:a A person shall not act as a member of the crew ofan aircraft if he knows or suspects that he issuffering from, or, having regard to thecircumstances of the flight to be undertaken, islikely to suffer from, such fatigue as mayendanger the safety of the aircraft or of itsoccupants.abduring the period of 28 consecutive days expiring atthe end of the day on which the flight begins exceeds100 hours; orbA person shall not act as a member of the flightcrew of an aircraft unless he has ensured that theoperator of the aircraft is aware of all his flighttimes during the period of 28 days preceding theflight.during the period of twelve months expiring at theend of the previous month exceeds 900 hours.Note: For private and non-commercial air transportflights some exceptions to this requirement arespecified in the Order.Subpart L – Manuals Logs and Records125.1250 Operations manualThe operator shall ensure that:a The operations manual is designed to observehuman factor principles and includes at least thefollowing elements:Note: The operations manual may consist of oneor more volumes.1 table of contents, amendment control and list ofeffective pages;2 duties, responsibilities and succession ofmanagement and operating personnel;3 details of the operator's safety managementsystem;4 operational control system;5 MEL procedures, where applicable;6 normal flight operations;7 standard operating procedures (SOPs);8 weather limitations;9 flight and duty time limitations;10 emergency operations;11 accident/incident considerations;12 personnel qualifications & training;13 record keeping;14 a description of the maintenance control system;91.1255 Journey log book or equivalent recorda The owner or lessee of an aircraft shall keep accuratejourney log book or equivalent records that containfor each flight or series of flights:1 aircraft nationality and registration;2 date;3 names of crew members;4 duty assignments of crew members;5 place of departure;bc15 details of the security programme;16 details of any extended operations over a hostileenvironment; and17 procedures for steep approaches.The organisation, content and layout of theoperations manual shall be in a format acceptableto the Governor.The operations manual is kept up to date in atimely manner.Note: Appendix 1 to 135.1250 contains astructure which has been accepted world-wide; itis recommended that operators take advantage ofthe content of this appendix when constructingtheir operations manuals.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 51 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125Requirement6 place of arrival;7 time of departure;8 time of arrival;9 hours of flight;10 nature of flight (private, aerial work, scheduled ornon-scheduled commercial air transport);11 incidents and observations (if any); and12 signature of person in charge.b An aircraft journey log, or parts thereof, may not berequired if the relevant information is available inother documentation.c All entries shall be made concurrently and bepermanent in nature.125.1260 Operational flight plana Subject to paragraph (b), the operator shallensure that the operational flight plan used, andthe entries made during flight, contain thefollowing items:1 Aircraft registration;2 Aircraft type and variant;3 Date of flight;4 Flight identification;5 Names of flight crew members;6 Duty assignment of flight crew members;7 Place of departure;8 Time of departure;9 Place of arrival (planned and actual);10 Time of arrival;11 Type of operation (EDTO, VFR, etc.);12 Route and route segments withcheckpoints/waypoints, distances, time andtracks;13 Planned cruising speed and flying times betweencheck-points/way-points. Estimated and actualtimes overhead;14 Safe altitudes and minimum levels;15 Planned altitudes and flight levels;16 Fuel calculations (records of inflight fuel checks);bcd17 Fuel on board when starting engines;18 Alternate(s) for destination and, whereapplicable, take-off and en-route, includinginformation required in subparagraphs (12), (13),(14), and (15) above;19 Initial ATS Flight Plan clearance and subsequentre-clearance;20 In-flight re-planning calculations; and21 Relevant meteorological information.Items which are readily available in otherdocumentation or from an acceptable source orare irrelevant to the type of operation may beomitted from the operational flight plan.The operator must ensure that the operationalflight plan and its use is described in theoperations manual.The operator shall ensure that all entries on theoperational flight plan are made concurrently andthat they are permanent in nature.91.1265 Document retention periodOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 52 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125When required for an aircraft registered in theTerritory: information for the preparation andexecution of a flight; reports; flight crew records;cabin crew records; records for other operationalpersonnel; and, other specifed records, shall bestored for the periods prescribed in Appendix 1 to91.1265.91.1270 [Not used]91.1275 Aircraft flight manualThe owner or lessee (where applicable) of an aircraftshall ensure that the aircraft flight manual is updatedand amended to implement any change mandated bythe State of RegistryRequirement125.1280 Cosmic radiation recordsa Where the operator assesses individual exposureto cosmic radiation, the records shall include:b1 the names of the crew member; and2 the detail of each assessment of exposure tocosmic radiation (mSv per year); and3 the date of the assessment.Where the operator does not assess individualexposure to cosmic radiation but instead assessesthe exposure of groups of crew members, therecords shall include:1 the names of all crew members covered by theassessment; and2 the maximum dose of cosmic radiation (mSv peryear) to which those crew members are likely tobe exposed; and3 how the dose has been calculated; and4 the period of time that the assessment is valid.SPA.005.GENSPA.020.GENabAppendix 1 to 91.1265Document storage periodsWhen any of the followinginformation/documentation is required, it shall bestored in an acceptable form, accessible to theGovernor, for the periods shown in Tables 1 to 6below.Note: Additional information relating to the retentionof maintenance records is prescribed in OTAR 39.Tables 1 to 6ScopeThis Subpart establishes the requirements to be metby an operator to qualify for the issue or continuationof specific operational approvals.Application for a specific approvalApplicants for the initial issue of a specific approvalshall provide the Governor with the documentationrequired by the applicable subpart and the followinginformation:1 The official name and business name, address andmailing address of the applicant; and2 A description of the intended operation.Applicants for a specific approval shall demonstrateto the Governor that:1 they comply with the requirements of the applicablesection;2 the aircraft and required equipment comply with theapplicable airworthiness requirements/approvals;Subpart SPA – Specific ApprovalsSection 1 – General requirementsOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 53 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1253 a training programme has been established for flightcrew and, as applicable, personnel involved in theseoperations; and4 operating procedures in accordance with theapplicable subpart have been specified in theoperations manual.c Records relating to the requirements of (a) and (b)above shall be retained by the operator in accordancewith 91.1265.SPA.025.Privileges of an operator holding a specificGENapprovalThe scope of the activity that the operator isapproved to conduct shall be specified in theoperations manual and approval certificate or, forcommercial operators, in the operationsspecifications to the air operator's certificate.SPA.030.Changes to operations subject to a specificGENapprovala The operator shall notify the Governor of any changeon the items listed in SPA.020.GEN (a) and (b) andany of the requirements in the applicable sectionbefore such change takes place.RequirementSPA.035.GENSPA.001.SPNbcabcThe Governor may prescribe the conditions underwhich the organisation may operate during suchchanges, unless the Governor determines that thespecific approval shall be suspended or revoked.In the case of a change to a specific approval,operators shall provide the Governor with therelevant parts of the operations manual and all otherrelevant documentation.Continued validity of a specific approvalSpecific approvals shall be issued for an unlimitedduration. They shall remain valid subject to theoperator remaining in compliance with this subpartand Parts 125.A.5 or 119.15.Section II – Operations in areas with specifed navigational performanceOperations in areas with specified performancebased navigationAn aircraft shall only be operated in designatedairspace, on routes or in accordance with procedureswhere navigation specifications are established, if theoperator has been approved by the Governor.An aircraft shall only be operated in designatedairspace, based on ICAO Regional Air NavigationAgreement, where minimum navigation performancespecifications are established, if the operator hasbeen approved by the Governor.To obtain such approval, the operator shall:1 demonstrate that the navigation equipment meets therequired performance in terms of navigationfunctionality, accuracy, integrity, availability andcontinuity;2 establish and maintain a training programme for theflight crew involved in these operations; and3 establish operating procedures specifying:i the equipment to be carried, including its operatinglimitations and appropriate entries in the MinimumEquipment List (MEL);ii flight crew composition and experiencerequirements;iii normal procedures;iv contingency procedures;v incident reporting;Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 54 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125vi specific regional operating procedures, in case ofMNPS; andvii navigation database integrity, in case of PBN.SPA.010.Equipment requirements for operations in MNPSSPNareasa An aircraft conducting MNPS operations shall beequipped with navigation equipment that complieswith the ICAO Regional Air Navigation Agreement.RequirementbNavigation equipment shall be visible and operableby either pilot seated at his/her duty station.SPA.030.SPNSPA.001.RVSMFlight crew requirements for operations in PBNor MNPS areasFor commercial air transport operations the minimumflight crew shall consist of at least two pilots.Section III – Operations in airspace with reduced vertical separation minimaOperations in airspace with reduced verticalseparation minima (RVSM)abcAn aircraft shall only be operated in designatedairspace where a reduced vertical separationminimum of 300 m (1 000 ft) applies above flightlevel (FL) 290, if:1 the aircraft has been issued with an RVSMairworthiness approval in accordance with OTARPart 21; and2 the operator has been approved by the Governor.To obtain an approval under (a)(2), the operatorshall:1 establish and maintain a training programme for theflight crew involved in these operations; and2 establish operating procedures specifying:i the equipment to be carried, including its operatinglimitations and appropriate entries in the MinimumEquipment List (MEL);ii flight crew composition and experiencerequirements;iii flight planning;iv pre-flight procedures;v procedures prior to RVSM airspace entry;vi in-flight procedures;vii post flight procedures;viii maintenance programme;ix incident reporting; andx specific regional operating procedures.The operator shall ensure that:1 a minimum of two aeroplanes of each aircraft typegrouping of the operator shall have their heightkeepingperformance monitored, at least once everytwo years or within intervals of 1,000 flight hours peraeroplane, whichever period is longer. If an operatoraircraft type grouping consists of a single aeroplane,monitoring of that aeroplane shall be accomplishedwithin the specified period; andSPA.010.RVSM2 records relating to the requirements of (1) aboveshall be retained by the operator in accordance with91.1265.Note: Monitoring data from any regional monitoringprogramme established in accordance with ICAOAnnex 11, Chapter 3, may be used to satisfy therequirement.Equipment requirements for operations in RVSMairspaceOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 55 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125a In addition to the equipment required by Subpart F,aircraft used for operations in RVSM airspace shallbe equipped with:1 two independent altitude measurement systems;2 an altitude alerting system;3 an automatic altitude control system; and4 a Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) transponderwith altitude reporting system that can be connectedto the altitude measurement system in use for altitudecontrol.SPA.030.Flight crew requirements for operations inRVSMRVSM airspaceRequirementFor commercial air transport operations the minimumflight crew shall consist of at least two pilots.SPA.005.LVOSPA.010.LVOSPA.015.LVOabcabaSection IV – Low visibility operationsLow visibility operations — General operatingrulesThe operator shall not conduct Category II, otherthan Standard Category II or III operations unless:1 each aircraft concerned is certificated for operationswith decision heights below 200 feet, or no decisionheight, and equipped in accordance with EASA CS-AWO on all weather operations or an equivalentaccepted by the Governor;2 a suitable system for recording approach and/orautomatic landing success and failure is establishedand maintained to monitor the overall safety of theoperation;3 the operations are approved by the Governor;4 the flight crew consists of at least two pilots; and5 decision height is determined by means of a radioaltimeter.The operator shall not conduct low visibility takeoffsin less than 150 m RVR (Category A, B, Caeroplanes, and helicopters) or 200 m RVR(Category D aeroplanes) unless approved by theGovernor.The operator shall not conduct lower than StandardCategory I operations unless approved by theGovernor.Low visibility operations — AerodromeconsiderationsThe operator shall not use an aerodrome for CategoryII or III operations unless the aerodrome is approvedfor such operations by the State in which theaerodrome is located.The operator shall verify that low visibilityprocedures (LVP) have been established, and will beenforced, at those aerodromes where low visibilityoperations are to be conducted.Low visibility operations — Training andqualificationsThe operator shall ensure that, prior to conductinglow visibility take-off, lower than Standard CategoryI, other than Standard Category II, Category II and IIIoperations or approaches utilising EVS:1 Each flight crew member:i Completes the training and checking requirementsprescribed in Appendix 1 including Flight simulatortraining in operating to the limiting values ofRVR/CMV and Decision Height appropriate to theoperator’s approval; andii Is qualified in accordance with Appendix 1 toSPA.015.LVO;Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 56 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1252 The training and checking is conducted inaccordance with a detailed syllabus approved by theGovernor and included in the operations manual; andRequirementSPA.020.LVOSPA.025.LVOaba3 The flight crew qualification is specific to theoperation and the aircraft type.Low visibility operations — OperatingproceduresThe operator shall establish procedures andinstructions to be used for low visibility take-off,approaches utilising EVS, Lower than StandardCategory I, other than Standard Category II, CategoryII and III operations. These procedures shall beincluded in the operations manual and contain theduties of flight crew members during taxiing, takeoff,approach, flare, landing, roll-out and missedapproach as appropriate.The pilot in command shall be satisfied that:1 The status of the visual and non-visual facilities issufficient prior to commencing a low visibility takeoff,an approach utilising EVS, a lower thanStandard Category I, an other than StandardCategory II, or a Category II or III approach;2 Appropriate LVPs are in force according toinformation received from Air Traffic Services,before commencing a low visibility take-off, a lowerthan Standard Category I, an other than StandardCategory II, or a Category II or IIIapproach; and3 The flight crew members are properly qualified priorto commencing a low visibility take-off in an RVR ofless than 150 m (Category A, B, C aeroplanes, andhelicopters) or 200 m (Cat D aeroplanes), anapproach utilising EVS, a lower than StandardCategory I, an other than Standard Category II or aCategory II or III approach.Low visibility operations — Minimum equipmentThe operator shall include in the operations manualthe minimum equipment that has to be serviceable atthe commencement of a low visibility take-off, alower than Standard Category I approach, an Otherthan Standard Category II approach, an approachutilising EVS, or a Category II or III approach inaccordance with the aircraft flight manual or otherapproved document.b The pilot in command shall be satisfied that thestatus of the aircraft and of the relevant airbornesystems is appropriate for the specific operation to beconducted.Appendix 1 to SPA.005.LVOLow visibility operations — General operatingrulesa General. The following procedures apply to theintroduction and approval of low visibilityoperations.b Operational demonstration. The purpose of theoperational demonstration is to determine or validatethe use and effectiveness of the applicable aircraftflight guidance systems, including HUDLS ifappropriate, training, flight crew procedures,maintenance programme, and manuals applicable tothe Category II/III programme being approved.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 57 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1251 At least 30 approaches and landings must beaccomplished in operations using the Category II/IIIsystems installed in each aircraft type if the requestedDH is 50 ft or higher. If the DH is less than 50 ft, atleast 100 approaches and landings will need to beaccomplished unless otherwise approved by theGovernor.2 If an operator has different variants of the same typeof aircraft utilising the same basic flight control anddisplay systems, or different basic flight control anddisplay systems on the same type of aircraft, theoperator must show that the various variants havesatisfactory performance, but the operator need notconduct a full operational demonstration for eachvariant. The Governor may also accept a reduction ofthe number of approach and landings based on creditgiven for the experience gained by another operatorusing the same aircraft type or variant andprocedures.Requirementcdef3 If the number of unsuccessful approaches exceeds 5% of the total (e.g. unsatisfactory landings, systemdisconnects) the evaluation programme must beextended in steps of at least 10 approaches andlandings until the overall failure rate does not exceed5 %.Data collection for operational demonstrations. Eachapplicant must develop a data collection method (e.g.a form to be used by the flight crew) to recordapproach and landing performance. The resultingdata and a summary of the demonstration data shallbe made available to the Governor for evaluation.Data analysis. Unsatisfactory approaches and/orautomatic landings shall be documented andanalysed.Continuous monitoring1 After obtaining the initial authorisation, theoperations must be continuously monitored by theoperator to detect any undesirable trends before theybecome hazardous. Flight crew reports may be usedto achieve this.2 The following information must be retained for aperiod of 12 months:i the total number of approaches, by aircraft type,where the airborne Category II or III equipment wasutilised to make satisfactory, actual or practice,approaches to the applicable Category II or IIIminima; andii reports of unsatisfactory approaches and/or automaticlandings, by aerodrome and aircraft registration, inthe following categories:A airborne equipment faults;B ground facility difficulties;C missed approaches because of ATC instructions; orD other reasons.3 The operator must establish a procedure to monitorthe performance of the automatic landing system orHUDLS to touchdown performance, as appropriate,of each aeroplane.Transitional periods1 Operators with no previous Category II or IIIexperienceOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 58 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125i The operator without previous Category II or IIIoperational experience may be approved for CategoryII or IIIA operations, having gained a minimumexperience of six months of Category I operations onthe aircraft type.ii On completing six months of Category II or IIIAoperations on the aircraft type the operator may beapproved for Category IIIB operations. Whengranting such an approval, the Governor may imposehigher minima than the lowest applicable for anadditional period. The increase in minima willnormally only refer to RVR and/or a restrictionagainst operations with no decision height and mustbe selected such that they will not require any changeof the operational procedures.Requirement2 Operators with previous Category II or IIIexperience.i The operator with previous Category II or IIIexperience may obtain authorisation for a reducedtransition period by application to the Governor.ii The operator authorised for Category II or IIIoperations using auto-coupled approach procedures,with or without auto-land, and subsequentlyintroducing manually flown Category II or IIIoperations using a HUDLS shall be considered to bea “New Category II/III operator” for the purposes ofthe demonstration period provisions.ghMaintenance of Category II, Category III and LVTOequipment. Maintenance instructions for the onboardguidance systems must be established by theoperator, in liaison with the manufacturer, andincluded in the operator’s aircraft maintenanceprogramme prescribed in OTAR Part 39.Eligible aerodromes and runways1 Each aircraft type/runway combination must beverified by the successful completion of at least oneapproach and landing in Category II or betterconditions, prior to commencing Category IIIoperations.2 For runways with irregular pre-threshold terrain orother foreseeable or known deficiencies, eachaircraft type/runway combination must be verified byoperations in standard Category I or betterconditions, prior to commencing Lower thanStandard Category I, Category II, or other thanStandard Category II or Category III operations.3 If an operator has different variants of the same typeof aircraft in accordance with subparagraph 4 below,utilising the same basic flight control and displaysystems, or different basic flight control and displaysystems on the same type of aircraft in accordancewith subparagraph 4 below, the operator must showthat the variants have satisfactory operationalperformance, but the operator need not conduct a fulloperational demonstration for each variant/runwaycombination.4 For the purpose of paragraph (h), an aircraft type orvariant of an aircraft type is deemed to be the sametype/variant of aircraft if that type/variant has thesame or similar:i level of technology, including the:A FGS and associated displays and controls;B the FMS and level of integration with the FGS;Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 59 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125C use of HUDLS.ii Operational procedures, including:A alert height;B manual landing/automatic landing;C no decision height operations;D use of HUD/HUDLS in hybrid operations.iii Handling characteristics, including:A manual landing from automatic or HUDLS guidedapproach;B manual go-around from automatic approach;C automatic/manual roll out.5 Operators using the same aircraft type/class orvariant of a type in accordance with subparagraph 4above may take credit from each others’ experienceand records in complying with this paragraph.Requirement6 Operators conducting Other than Standard CategoryII operations shall comply with this appendix..aAppendix 1 to SPA.015.LVOLow visibility operations — Training andqualificationsGeneral: The operator must ensure that flight crewmember training programmes for low visibilityoperations include structured courses of ground,flight simulator and/or flight training. The operatormay abbreviate the course content as prescribed bysubparagraphs 2 and 3 below provided the content ofthe abbreviated course is acceptable to the Governor.1 Flight crew members with no Category II or CategoryIII experience must complete the full trainingprogramme prescribed in subparagraphs (b), (c) and(d) below.2 Flight crew members with Category II or Category IIIexperience with a similar type of operation(autocoupled/ auto-land, HUDLS/hybrid HUDLS orEVS) or Category II with manual land if appropriatewith another operator may undertake an:i abbreviated ground training course if operating adifferent type/class from that on which the previousCategory II or Category III experience was gained;ii abbreviated ground, flight simulator and/or flighttraining course if operating the same type/class andvariant of the same type or class on which theprevious Category II or Category III experience wasgained. The abbreviated course is to include at leastthe requirements of subparagraphs (d)1, (d)2(i) or(d)2(ii) as appropriate and (d)3(i). With the approvalof the Governor, the operator may reduce the numberof approaches/landings required by subparagraph(d)2(i) if the type/class or the variant of the type orclass has the same or similar:A level of technology — flight control/guidance system(FGS); andB operational procedures;C handling characteristics (See paragraph 4 below);as the previously operated type or class, otherwisethe requirement of (d)2(i) has to be met in full;D use of HUDLS/hybrid HUDLS;E use of EVS.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 60 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1253 Flight crew members with Category II or Category IIIexperience with the operator may undertake anabbreviated ground, Flight simulator and/or flighttraining course when changing:i aircraft type/class is to include at least therequirements of subparagraphs (d)1, (d)2(i) or(d)2(ii) as appropriate and (d)3(i);ii to a different variant of aircraft within the same typeor class rating that has the same or similar:A level of technology — flight control/guidance system(FGS); andB operational procedures — integrity;C handling characteristics (See paragraph 4 below);D use of HUDLS/hybrid HUDLS;E use of EVSas the previously operated type or class, then adifference course or familiarisation appropriate to thechange of variant fulfils the abbreviated courserequirements;iii to a different variant of aircraft within the same typeor class rating that has a significantly different:RequirementbA level of technology — flight control/guidance system(FGS); andB operational procedures — integrity;C handling characteristics (See paragraph 4 below);D use of HUDLS/hybrid HUDLS;E use of EVSthen the requirements of subparagraphs (d)1, (d)2(i)or (d)2(ii) as appropriate and (d)3(i) shall befulfilled. With the approval of the Governor theoperator may reduce the number ofapproaches/landings required by subparagraph(d)2(i).4 The operator must ensure when undertakingCategory II or Category III operations with differentvariant(s) of aircraft within the same type or classrating that the differences and/or similarities of theaircraft concerned justify such operations, takingaccount at least the following:i the level of technology, including the:A FGS and associated displays and controls;B the Flight Management System and its integration ornot with the FGS;C use of HUD/HUDLS with hybrid systems and/orEVS;ii operational procedures, including:A fail-passive/fail-operational, alert height;B manual landing/automatic landing;C no decision height operations;D use of HUD/HUDLS with hybrid systems;iii handling characteristics, including:A manual landing from automatic HUDLS and/or EVSguided approach;B manual go-around from automatic approach;C automatic/manual roll out.Ground training. The operator must ensure that theinitial ground training course for low visibilityoperations covers at least:i the characteristics and limitations of the ILS and/orMLS;2 the characteristics of the visual aids;3 the characteristics of fog;4 the operational capabilities and limitations of theparticular airborne system to include HUDsymbology and EVS characteristics if appropriate;Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 61 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1255 the effects of precipitation, ice accretion, low levelwind shear and turbulence;6 the effect of specific aircraft/system malfunctions;Requirement7 the use and limitations of RVR assessment systems;8 the principles of obstacle clearance requirements;9 recognition of and action to be taken in the event offailure of ground equipment;10 the procedures and precautions to be followed withregard to surface movement during operations whenthe RVR is 400 m or less and any additionalprocedures required for take-off in conditions below150 m (200 m for Category D aeroplanes);11 the significance of decision heights based upon radioaltimeters and the effect of terrain profile in theapproach area on radio altimeter readings and on theautomatic approach/landing systems;12 the importance and significance of alert height ifapplicable and the action in the event of any failureabove and below the alert height;13 the qualification requirements for pilots to obtain andretain approval to conduct low visibility take-offs andCategory II or III operations; and14 the importance of correct seating and eye position.cFlight simulator training and/or flight training1 The operator must ensure that flight simulator and/orflight training for low visibility operations includes:i checks of satisfactory functioning of equipment, bothon the ground and in flight;ii effect on minima caused by changes in the status ofground installations;iii monitoring of:A automatic flight control systems and auto land statusannunciators with emphasis on the action to be takenin the event of failures of such systems; andB HUD/HUDLS/EVS guidance status andannunciators as appropriate, to include head downdisplays;iv actions to be taken in the event of failures such asengines, electrical systems, hydraulics or flightcontrol systems;v the effect of known unserviceabilities and use ofminimum equipment lists;vi operating limitations resulting from airworthinesscertification;vii guidance on the visual cues required at decisionheight together with information on maximumdeviation allowed from glide path or localiser; andviii the importance and significance of alert height ifapplicable and the action in the event of any failureabove and below the alert height.2 The operator must ensure that each flight crewmember is trained to carry out his/her duties andinstructed on the coordination required with othercrew members. Maximum use should be made offlight simulators.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 62 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1253 Training must be divided into phases coveringnormal operation with no aircraft or equipmentfailures but including all weather conditions whichmay be encountered and detailed scenarios of aircraftand equipment failure which could affect Category IIor III operations. If the aircraft system involves theuse of hybrid or other special systems (such asHUD/HUDLS or enhanced vision equipment) thenflight crew members must practise the use of thesesystems in normal and abnormal modes during theflight simulator phase of training.Requirement4 Incapacitation procedures appropriate to lowvisibility take-offs and Category II and III operationsshall be practised.5 For aircraft with no flight simulator available torepresent that specific aircraft operators must ensurethat the flight training phase specific to the visualscenarios of Category II operations is conducted in aspecifically approved flight simulator. Such trainingmust include a minimum of four approaches. Thetraining and procedures that are type specific shall bepractised in the aircraft.6 Initial Category II and III training shall include atleast the following exercises:i approach using the appropriate flight guidance,autopilots and control systems installed in theaircraft, to the appropriate decision height and toinclude transition to visual flight and landing;ii approach with all engines operating using theappropriate flight guidance systems, autopilots,HUDLS and/or EVS and control systems installed inthe aircraft down to the appropriate decision heightfollowed by missed approach; all without externalvisual reference;iii where appropriate, approaches utilising automaticflight systems to provide automatic flare, landing androllout; andiv normal operation of the applicable system both withand without acquisition of visual cues at decisionheight.7 Subsequent phases of training must include at least:i approaches with engine failure at various stages onthe approach;ii approaches with critical equipment failures (e.g.electrical systems, auto flight systems, ground and/orairborne ILS/MLS systems and status monitors);iii approaches where failures of auto flight equipmentand/or HUD/HUDLS/EVS at low level requireeither;A reversion to manual flight to control flare, landingand roll out or missed approach; orB reversion to manual flight or a downgradedautomatic mode to control missed approaches from,at or below decision height including those whichmay result in a touchdown on the runway;iv failures of the systems which will result in excessivelocaliser and/or glide slope deviation, both above andbelow decision height, in the minimum visualconditions authorised for the operation. In addition, acontinuation to a manual landing must be practised ifa head-up display forms a downgraded mode of theautomatic system or the head-up display forms theonly flare mode; andOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 63 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125v failures and procedures specific to aircraft type orvariant.8 The training programme must provide practice inhandling faults which require a reversion to higherminima.9 The training programme must include the handlingof the aircraft when, during a fail passive CategoryIII approach, the fault causes the autopilot todisconnect at or below decision height when the lastreported RVR is 300 m or less.Requirement10 Where take-offs are conducted in RVRs of 400 mand below, training must be established to coversystems failures and engine failure resulting incontinued as well as rejected take-offs.11 The training programme must include, whereappropriate, approaches where failures of theHUDLS and/or EVS equipment at low level requireeither:i reversion to head down displays to control missedapproach; orii reversion to flight with no, or downgraded, HUDLSGuidance to control missed approaches fromdecision height or below, including those which mayresult in a touchdown on the runway.12 The operator shall ensure that when undertaking lowvisibility take-off, lower than Standard Category I,other than Standard Category II, and Category II andIII Operations utilising a HUD/HUDLS or hybridHUD/HUDLS or an EVS, that the training andchecking programme includes, where appropriate,the use of the HUD/HUDLS in normal operationsduring all phases of flight.dConversion training requirements to conduct lowvisibility take-off, lower than Standard Category I,other than Standard Category II, approach utilisingEVS and Category II and III Operations. Theoperator shall ensure that each flight crew membercompletes the following low visibility procedurestraining if converting to a new type/class or variantof aircraft in which low visibility take-off, lower thanStandard Category I, Other than Standard CategoryII, Approach utilising EVS with an RVR of 800m orless and Category II and III Operations will beconducted. The flight crew member experiencerequirements to undertake an abbreviated course areprescribed in subparagraphs (a)2, (a)3 and (a)4,above:1 Ground Training. The appropriate requirementsprescribed in subparagraph (b) above, taking intoaccount the flight crew member’s Category II andCategory III training and experience.2 Flight simulator training and/or flight training.i A minimum of six (eight for HUDLS with or withoutEVS) approaches and/or landings in a flightsimulator. The requirements for eight HUDLSapproaches may be reduced to six when conductinghybrid HUDLS operations. See subparagraph 4.(i)below.ii Where no Flight simulator is available to representthat specific aircraft, a minimum of three (five forHUDLS and/or EVS) approaches including at leastone go-around is required on the aircraft. For hybridHUDLS operations a minimum of three approachesare required, including at least one go-around.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 64 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125ii Appropriate additional training if any specialequipment is required such as head-up displays orenhanced vision equipment. When approachoperations utilising EVS are conducted with an RVRof less than 800m, a minimum of five approaches,including at least one go-around are required on theaircraft.3 Flight crew qualification. The flight crewqualification requirements are specific to the operatorand the type of aircraft operated.i The operator must ensure that each flight crewmember completes a check before conductingCategory II or III operations.ii The check prescribed in subparagraph (i) above maybe replaced by successful completion of the flightsimulator and/or flight training prescribed insubparagraph (d)2. above.4 Line flying under supervision. The operator mustensure that each flight crew member undergoes thefollowing line flying under supervision (LIFUS):Requirementi for Category II when a manual landing or a HUDLSapproach to touchdown is required, a minimum of:eA three landings from autopilot disconnect;B four landings with HUDLS used to touchdown;except that only one manual landing (two usingHUDLS to touchdown) is required when the trainingrequired in subparagraph (d)2 above has been carriedout in a flight simulator qualified for zero flight timeconversion.ii For Category III, a minimum of two auto landsexcept that:A only 1 autoland is required when the trainingrequired in subparagraph (d)2. above has beencarried out in a flight simulator qualified for zeroflight time conversion;B no autoland is required during LIFUS when thetraining required in subparagraph (d)2 above hasbeen carried out in a flight simulator qualified forzero flight time (ZFT) conversion and the flight crewmember successfully completed the ZFT type ratingconversion course;C the flight crew member, trained and qualified inaccordance with paragraph (B) above, is qualified tooperate during the conduct of LIFUS to the lowestapproved DA(H) and RVR as stipulated in theoperations manual.iii For Category III approaches using HUDLS totouchdown a minimum of four approaches.Type and command experience.1 Before commencing Category II operations, thefollowing additional requirements are applicable topilot in command, or pilots to whom conduct of theflight may be delegated, who are new to the aircrafttype/class:i 50 hours or 20 sectors on the type, including lineflying under supervision; andii 100 m must be added to the applicable Category IIRVR minima when the operation requires a CategoryII manual landing or use of HUDLS to touchdownuntil:A a total of 100 hours or 40 sectors, including LIFUShas been achieved on the type; orOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 65 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125B a total of 50 hours or 20 sectors, including LIFUShas been achieved on the type where the flight crewmember has been previously qualified for Category IImanual landing operations with another operator;RequirementC for HUDLS operations the sector requirements inparagraphs (e) 1. and (e) 2. (i) shall always beapplicable, the hours on type/class does not fulfil therequirement.2 Before commencing Category III operations, thefollowing additional requirements are applicable topilots in command, or pilots to whom conduct of theflight may be delegated, who are new to the aircrafttype:i 50 hours or 20 sectors on the type, including lineflying under supervision; andii 100 m must be added to the applicable Category II orCategory III RVR minima unless he has previouslyqualified for Category II or III operations withanother operator, until a total of 100 hours or 40sectors, including line flying under supervision, hasbeen achieved on the type.3 The Governor may authorise a reduction in the abovecommand experience requirements for flight crewmembers who have Category II or Category IIIcommand experience.f Low visibility take-off with RVR less than 150/200m1 The operator must ensure that prior to authorisationto conduct take-offs in RVRs below 150 m (below200 m for Category D aeroplanes) the followingtraining is carried out:i normal take-off in minimum authorised RVRconditions;ii take-off in minimum authorised RVR conditionswith an engine failure between V1 and V2, or assoon as safety considerations permit; andiii take-off in minimum authorised RVR conditionswith an engine failure before V1 resulting in arejected take-off.2 The operator must ensure that the training requiredby subparagraph 1 above is carried out in a flightsimulator. This training must include the use of anyspecial procedures and equipment. Where no flightsimulator is available to represent that specificaircraft, the Governor may approve such training inan aircraft without the requirement for minimumRVR conditions.3 The operator must ensure that a flight crew memberhas completed a check before conducting lowvisibility take-offs in RVRs of less than 150 m (lessthan 200 m for Category D aeroplanes) if applicable.The check may only be replaced by successfulcompletion of the flight simulator and/or flighttraining prescribed in subparagraph (f)(1). onconversion to an aeroplane type.g Recurrent training and checking — Low visibilityoperationsOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 66 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1251 The operator must ensure that, in conjunction withthe normal recurrent training and operatorproficiency checks, a pilot’s knowledge and ability toperform the tasks associated with the particularcategory of operation, for which he/she is authorisedis checked. The required number of approaches to beundertaken in the flight simulator within the validityperiod of the operators proficiency check (asprescribed in 121.1115, 125.1115 and 135.1115) isto be a minimum of two, (four when HUDLS and/orEVS is utilised to touchdown) one of which must bea landing at the lowest approved RVR; in additionone (two for HUDLS and/or operations utilisingEVS) of these approaches may be substituted by anapproach and landing in the aircraft using approvedCategory II and III procedures. One missed approachshall be flown during the conduct of the operatorsproficiency check. If the operator is authorised toconduct take-off with RVR less than 150/200 m atleast one LVTO to the lowest applicable minimashall be flown during the conduct of the operatorsproficiency check.Requirement2 For Category III operations an operator must use aflight simulator.3 The operator must ensure that, for Category IIIoperations on aircraft with a fail passive flightcontrol system, including HUDLS, a missedapproach is completed at least once over the periodof three consecutive operator proficiencychecks asthe result of an autopilot failure at or below decisionheight when the last reported RVR was300 m or less.h4 The Governor may authorise recurrent training andchecking for Category II and LVTO operations in anaircraft type where no flight simulator to representthat specific aircraft or an acceptable alternate isavailable.Note: Recency for LVTO and Category II/III basedupon automatic approaches and/or auto-lands ismaintained by the recurrent training and checking asprescribed in this paragraph.Additional training requirements for operatorsconducting lower than Standard Category I,approaches utilising EVS and other than StandardCategory II Operations.1 Operators conducting lower than Standard CategoryI operations shall comply with the requirements forlow visibility operations — training andqualifications applicable to Category II operations toinclude the requirements applicable to HUDLS (ifappropriate). The operator may combine theseadditional requirements where appropriate providedthat the operational procedures are compatible.During conversion training the total number ofapproaches required shall not be an addition to thestandard requirements provided the training isconducted utilising the lowest applicable RVR.During recurrent training and checking the operatormay also combine the separate requirementsprovided the above operational procedurerequirement is met, provided that at least oneapproach using lower than Standard Category Iminima is conducted at least once every 18 months.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 67 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1252 Operators conducting other than Standard CategoryII operations shall comply with the requirements forlow visibility operations — training andqualifications applicable to Category II operations toinclude the requirements applicable to HUDLS (ifappropriate). The operator may combine theseadditional requirements where appropriate providedthat the operational procedures are compatible.During conversion training the total number ofapproaches required shall not be less than thatrequired to complete Category II training utilising aHUD/HUDLS. During recurrent training andchecking the operator may also combine the separaterequirements provided the above operationalprocedure requirement is met, provided that at leastone approach using other than Standard Category IIminima is conducted at least once every 18 months.Requirement3 Operators conducting approach operations utilisingEVS with RVR of 800 m or less shall comply withthe requirements for Low Visibility Operations —Training and Qualifications applicable to Category IIoperations to include the requirements applicable toHUD (if appropriate). The operator may combinethese additional requirements where appropriateprovided that the operational procedures arecompatible. During conversion training the totalnumber of approaches required shall not be less thanthat required to complete Category II trainingutilising a HUD. During recurrent training andchecking the operator may also combine the separaterequirements provided the above operationalprocedure requirement is met, provided that at leastone approach utilising EVS is conducted at leastonce every 12 months.abAppendix 1 to SPA.020.LVOLow visibility operations — OperatingproceduresGeneral. Low visibility operations include:1 manual take-off (with or without electronic guidancesystems or HUDLS/hybrid HUD/HUDLS);2 auto-coupled approach to below DH, with manualflare, landing and roll-out;3 approach flown with the use of a HUDLS/hybridHUD/HUDLS and/or EVS);4 auto-coupled approach followed by auto-flare, autolanding and manual roll-out; and5 auto-coupled approach followed by auto-flare, autolanding and auto-roll-out, when the applicable RVRis less than 400 m.Note 1: A hybrid system may be used with any ofthese modes of operations.Note 2: Other forms of guidance systems or displaysmay be certificated and approved.Procedures and operating instructionsOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 68 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1251 The precise nature and scope of procedures andinstructions given depend upon the airborneequipment used and the flight deck proceduresfollowed. The operator must clearly define flightcrew member duties during take-off, approach, flare,roll-out and missed approach in the operationsmanual. Particular emphasis must be placed on flightcrew responsibilities during transition from nonvisualconditions to visual conditions, and on theprocedures to be used in deteriorating visibility orwhen failures occur. Special attention must be paidto the distribution of flight deck duties so as toensure that the workload of the pilot making thedecision to land or execute a missed approachenables him/her to devote himself/herself tosupervision and the decision making process.Requirement2 The operator must specify the detailed operatingprocedures and instructions in the operations manual.The instructions must be compatible with thelimitations and mandatory procedures contained inthe flight manual and cover the following items inparticular:i checks for the satisfactory functioning of the aircraftequipment, both before departure and in flight;ii effect on minima caused by changes in the status ofthe ground installations and airborne equipment;iii procedures for the take-off, approach, flare, landing,roll-out and missed approach;iv procedures to be followed in the event of failures,warnings to include HUD/HUDLS/EVS and othernonnormal situations;v the minimum visual reference required;vi the importance of correct seating and eye position;vii action which may be necessary arising from adeterioration of the visual reference;viii allocation of crew duties in the carrying out of theprocedures according to subparagraphs (i) to (iv) and(vi) above, to allow the pilot in command to devotehimself/herself mainly to supervision and decisionmaking;ix the requirement for all height calls below 200 feet tobe based on the radio altimeter and for one pilot tocontinue to monitor the aircraft instruments until thelanding is completed;x the requirement for the Localiser Sensitive Area tobe protected;xi the use of information relating to wind velocity, windshear, turbulence, runway contamination and use ofmultiple RVR assessments;xii procedures to be used for:A lower than Standard Category I;B other than Standard Category II;C approaches utilising EVS; andD practice approaches and landing on runways atwhich the full Category II or Category III aerodromeprocedures are not in force;xiii operating limitations resulting from airworthinesscertification; andxiv information on the maximum deviation allowed fromthe ILS glide path and/or localiser.Appendix A – Requirements for Approval (only for Part 125)125.A.5ApprovalOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 69 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125125.A.10125.A.15125.A.20abcababcRequirementExcept as provided in (b) below no person shallconduct a general aviation operation with aircraftspecifed in 125.1 unless the holder of an approvalgranted by the Governor.An approval is not required where the operationsare being conducted by the holder of an AOCunder OTAR 135 or 121.Any approval granted in accordance withparagraph (a) above shall be valid for a period ofthree years subject to any conditions which maybe attached to the approval, unless otherwisevaried, suspended or revoked.Approval processAn operator seeking approval in accordance with125.A.5 shall provide the Governor with suchdocumentation as may be required by this OTARPart.The operator shall apply to the Governor with anydocuments required at least 90 days prior to theproposed commencement of the activity.Issue and continued validity of an ApprovalAn operator applying for approval in accordancewith 125.A.5 shall:1 demonstrate compliance with the requirements of(b) or the requirements of (c) at the time ofapplication and for the duration of the approvalperiod; and2 comply with the requirements of this Part, andPart 91, as they apply to the aircraft operation,including any additional requirements for specificoperations and airworthiness approvals.An operator who holds an IS-BAO Certificate ofRegistration granted by the InternationalBusiness Aviation Council shall:1 continue to comply with the standards of IS-BAO; and2 submit reports of IS-BAO audits required tomaintain IS-BAO registration, or at such intervalsas the Governor may require; and3 submit details of their safety management systemat such times as the Governor may require; and4 submit their operations manual at such times asthe Governor may require; and5 notify the Governor immediately if the IS-BAOCertificate of Registration becomes invalid.Note: Notwithstanding implementation of IS-BAO, operators remain responsible for ensuringthat all applicable requirements of the OTARs aremet.An operator who does not hold a valid IS-BAOCertificate of Registration granted by theInternational Business Aviation Council shall:1 submit for review by the Governor details of asafety management system for the aircraftoperation that complies with the requirements of125.A.25; and2 submit their operations manual for review by theGovernor; and3 submit reports of audits carried out at intervals of12 months, or at such intervals as the Governormay require.Organisational structureOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 70 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125125.A.25125.A.30ababcdeabRequirementThe operator shall establish an organisationcapable of managing the safe operation of itsaircraft.The operator shall clearly define the duties andaccountabilities of those staff responsible formanaging the safe operation of aircraft.Safety management system (SMS)The operator shall establish a safety managementsystem appropriate to the size and complexity ofthe operation, for the proactive management ofsafety, that integrates the management ofoperations and technical systems with financialand human resource management, and thatreflects quality assurance principles.The safety management system shall includepolicy and objectives for continuousimprovement to the organisation’s overall safetyperformance.The safety management system shall clearlydefine lines of safety accountability throughoutthe operator's organisation, including a directaccountability for safety on the part of seniormanagement.The safety management system shall include, as aminimum, the following:1 processes to identify actual and potential safetyhazards and assess the associated risks; and2 processes to develop and implement remedialaction necessary to maintain agreed safetyperformance; and3 provision for continuous monitoring and regularassessment of the safety performance; and4 recurring processes for continuous improvementof the performance of the safety managementsystem; and5 quality assurance processes to:i identify applicable requirements, regulations andstandards and demonstrate compliance withthem; andii ensure technical manuals, checklists and otherdocumentation are appropriately maintained andincorporate the latest amendments; andiii ensure that training programmes maintain staffproficiency and competency.The safety management system shall be describedin relevant documentation, and shall beacceptable to the Governor.Operational managementThe location of the operating base shall beidentified; subsequent changes shall be notifiedto the Govenor.Where an operator uses an operating base in aState other than the Territory in which theaircraft has been registered, the operator shallnotify:1 the Governor; and2 the State in which the operating base is located.Appendix C – Aerial work and specialised operationsC.005 ApplicabilityThe following requirements apply to applicants forand holders of permissions for the conduct ofspecialised operations as required under 91.375,91.380 and 91.390.C.010 Permissions – General requirementsOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 71 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125a Every applicant for and holder of a permission shallmake available to the Governor if requested anoperations manual containing such information andinstructions as may be necessary to enable employeesand persons engaged in the operation to performtheir duties.b The operations manual shall include standardoperating procedures as described in 91.370.c The permission holder shall make such amendmentsor additions to the operations manual as theGovernor may require.d The permission holder shall make the manualavailable to every employee or person who isengaged or may engage in aerial activities conductedby him.e The permission holder shall ensure that each copy ofthe operations manual is kept up to date.f The permission holder shall clearly define the dutiesand accountabilities of those persons responsible formanaging the safe operation of aircraft.RequirementgThe permission holder shall ensure that all employeesand persons engaged in the operation are trained andequipped as appropriate to the tasks to be performed.h Notwithstanding 91.155:1 the permission holder shall be responsible foroperational control; and2 operational control shall only be delegated to a flightoperations officer/flight dispatcher or the pilot-incommand.Appendix D – Rules of the AirAppendix E – Performance Classes [E1 and E2 unused]The sections of Appendix E contain the technicaldescription of the Performance Classes. Therequirement to apply a Performance Class is notcontained in the appendix but in the respectiveOTARs.Appendix E3 Aeroplanes – Performance Class AE3.005 Take-offa The take-off mass shall not exceed the maximumtake-off mass specified in the aircraft flight manual(AFM) for the pressure altitude and the ambienttemperature at the aerodrome of departure.bThe following requirements shall be met whendetermining the maximum permitted take-off mass:1 the accelerate-stop distance shall not exceed theaccelerate-stop distance available (ASDA);2 the take-off distance shall not exceed the take-offdistance available, with a clearway distance notexceeding half of the take-off run available (TORA);c3 the take-off run shall not exceed the TORA;4 a single value of V1 shall be used for the rejected andcontinued take-off; and5 on a wet or contaminated runway, the take-off massshall not exceed that permitted for a take-off on a dryrunway under the same conditions.When showing compliance with (b), the followingshall be taken into account:1 the pressure altitude at the aerodrome;2 the ambient temperature at the aerodrome;3 the runway surface condition and the type of runwaysurface;Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 72 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1254 the runway slope in the direction of take-off;5 not more than 50 % of the reported headwindcomponent or not less than 150 % of the reportedtailwind component; and6 the loss, if any, of runway length due to alignment ofthe aeroplane prior to take-off.E3.010 Take-off obstacle clearancea The net take-off flight path shall be determined insuch a way that the aeroplane clears all obstacles by avertical distance of at least 35 ft or by a horizontaldistance of at least 90 m plus 0.125 × D, where D isthe horizontal distance the aeroplane has travelledfrom the end of the take-off distance available(TODA) or the end of the take-off distance if a turnis scheduled before the end of the TODA. Foraeroplanes with a wingspan of less than 60 m, ahorizontal obstacle clearance of half the aeroplanewingspan plus 60 m, plus 0.125 × D may be used.RequirementbWhen showing compliance with (a):1 The following items shall be taken into account:i the mass of the aeroplane at the commencement ofthe take-off run;ii the pressure altitude at the aerodrome;iii the ambient temperature at the aerodrome; andiv not more than 50 % of the reported headwindcomponent or not less than 150 % of the reportedtailwind component.2 Track changes shall not be allowed up to the point atwhich the net take-off flight path has achieved aheight equal to one half the wingspan but not lessthan 50 ft above the elevation of the end of theTORA. Thereafter, up to a height of 400 ft it isassumed that the aeroplane is banked by no morethan 15°. Above 400 ft height bank angles greaterthan 15°, but not more than 25° may be scheduled.3 Any part of the net take-off flight path in which theaeroplane is banked by more than 15° shall clear allobstacles within the horizontal distances specified in(a), (b)(6) and (b)(7) by a vertical distance of at least50 ft.4 Operations that apply increased bank angles of notmore than 20° between 200 ft and 400 ft, or not morethan 30° above 400 ft, shall be carried out inaccordance with E3.040.5 Adequate allowance shall be made for the effect ofbank angle on operating speeds and flight pathincluding the distance increments resulting fromincreased operating speeds.6 For cases where the intended flight path does notrequire track changes of more than 15°, the operatordoes not need to consider those obstacles that have alateral distance greater than:i 300 m, if the pilot is able to maintain the requirednavigational accuracy through the obstacleaccountability area; orii 600 m, for flights under all other conditions.7 For cases where the intended flight path requirestrack changes of more than 15°, the operator does notneed to consider those obstacles that have a lateraldistance greater than:i 600 m, if the pilot is able to maintain the requirednavigational accuracy through the obstacleaccountability area; orii 900 m, for flights under all other conditions.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 73 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125c The operator shall establish contingency proceduresto satisfy the requirements in (a) and (b) and toprovide a safe route, avoiding obstacles, to enable theaeroplane to either comply with the en-routerequirements of E3.015, or land at either theaerodrome of departure or at a take-off alternateaerodrome.E3.015 En-route – one-engine-inoperative (OEI)a The OEI en-route net flight path data shown in theAFM, appropriate to the meteorological conditionsexpected for the flight, shall allow demonstration ofcompliance with (b) or (c) at all points along theroute. The net flight path shall have a positivegradient at 1,500 ft above the aerodrome where thelanding is assumed to be made after engine failure. Inmeteorological conditions requiring the operation ofice protection systems, the effect of their use on thenet flight path shall be taken into account.RequirementbcThe gradient of the net flight path shall be positive atleast 1,000 ft above all terrain and obstructions alongthe route within 5 NM (9.3 km) on either side of theintended track.The net flight path shall permit the aeroplane tocontinue flight from the cruising altitude to anaerodrome where a landing can be made inaccordance with E3.025 or E3.030, as appropriate.The net flight path shall clear vertically, by at least2,000 ft, all terrain and obstructions along the routewithin 5 NM (9.3 km) on either side of the intendedtrack in accordance with the following:1 the engine is assumed to fail at the most critical pointalong the route;2 account is taken of the effects of winds on the flightpath;3 fuel jettisoning is permitted to an extent consistentwith reaching the aerodrome with the required fuelreserves, if a safe procedure is used; and4 the aerodrome where the aeroplane is assumed toland after engine failure shall meet the followingcriteria:i the performance requirements at the expectedlanding mass are met; andii weather reports and/or forecasts and field conditionreports indicate that a safe landing can beaccomplished at the estimated time of landing.d The operator shall increase the width margins of (b)and (c) to 10 NM (18.5 km) if the navigationalaccuracy does not meet at least required navigationperformance 5 (RNP5).E3.020 En-route – aeroplanes with three or moreengines, two engines inoperativea At no point along the intended track shall anaeroplane having three or more engines be more than90 minutes, at the all-engines long range cruisingspeed at standard temperature in still air, away froman aerodrome at which the performance requirementsapplicable at the expected landing mass are met,unless it complies with (b) to (f).Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 74 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125b The two-engines-inoperative en-route net flight pathdata shall allow the aeroplane to continue the flight,in the expected meteorological conditions, from thepoint where two engines are assumed to failsimultaneously to an aerodrome at which it ispossible to land and come to a complete stop whenusing the prescribed procedure for a landing withtwo engines inoperative. The net flight path shallclear vertically, by at least 2,000 ft, all terrain andobstructions along the route within 5 NM (9.3 km)on either side of the intended track. At altitudes andin meteorological conditions requiring ice protectionsystems to be operable, the effect of their use on thenet flight path data shall be taken into account. If thenavigational accuracy does not meet at least RNP5,the operator shall increase the width margin givenabove to 10 NM (18.5 km).RequirementcdThe two engines shall be assumed to fail at the mostcritical point of that portion of the route where theaeroplane is more than 90 minutes, at the all-engineslong range cruising speed at standard temperature instill air, away from an aerodrome at which theperformance requirements applicable at the expectedlanding mass are met.The net flight path shall have a positive gradient at1,500 ft above the aerodrome where the landing isassumed to be made after the failure of two engines.e Fuel jettisoning shall be permitted to an extentconsistent with reaching the aerodrome with therequired fuel reserves, if a safe procedure is used.f The expected mass of the aeroplane at the pointwhere the two engines are assumed to fail shall notbe less than that which would include sufficient fuelto proceed to an aerodrome where the landing isassumed to be made, and to arrive there at least1,500 ft directly over the landing area and thereafterto fly level for 15 minutes.E3.025 Landing – destination and alternate aerodromesa The landing mass of the aeroplane determined inaccordance with 121/135.560 shall not exceed themaximum landing mass specified for the altitude andthe ambient temperature expected for the estimatedtime of landing at the destination aerodrome andalternate aerodrome.E3.030 Landing – dry runwaysa The landing mass of the aeroplane determined inaccordance with 121/135.560 for the estimated timeof landing at the destination aerodrome and at anyalternate aerodrome shall allow a full stop landingfrom 50 ft above the threshold:1 for turbo-jet powered aeroplanes, within 60 % of thelanding distance available (LDA); and2 for turbo-propeller powered aeroplanes, within 70 %of the LDA.b For steep approach operations, the operator shall usethe landing distance data factored in accordance with(a), based on a screen height of less than 60 ft, butnot less than 35 ft, and shall comply with121/135.555.c For short landing operations, the operator shall usethe landing distance data factored in accordance with(a) and shall comply with 121/135.550.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 75 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125d When determining the landing mass, the operatorshall take the following into account:1 the altitude at the aerodrome;2 not more than 50 % of the headwind component ornot less than 150 % of the tailwind component; andRequirementefg3 the runway slope in the direction of landing if greaterthan ± 2 %.For dispatching the aeroplane it shall be assumedthat:1 the aeroplane will land on the most favourablerunway, in still air; and2 the aeroplane will land on the runway most likely tobe assigned, considering the probable wind speedand direction, the ground handling characteristics ofthe aeroplane and other conditions such as landingaids and terrain.If the operator is unable to comply with (e)(1) for adestination aerodrome having a single runway wherea landing depends upon a specified wind component,the aeroplane may be dispatched if two alternateaerodromes are designated that permit fullcompliance with (a) to (e). Before commencing anapproach to land at the destination aerodrome, thecommander shall check that a landing can be made infull compliance with (a) to (d) and E3.025.If the operator is unable to comply with (e)(2) for thedestination aerodrome, the aeroplane shall be onlydispatched if an alternate aerodrome is designatedthat allows full compliance with (a) to (e).E3.035 Landing – wet and contaminated runwaysa When the appropriate weather reports and/orforecasts indicate that the runway at the estimatedtime of arrival may be wet, the LDA shall be at least115 % of the required landing distance, determinedin accordance with E3.030.b When the appropriate weather reports and/orforecasts indicate that the runway at the estimatedtime of arrival may be contaminated, the LDA shallbe at least the landing distance determined inaccordance with (a), or at least 115 % of the landingdistance determined in accordance with approvedcontaminated landing distance data or equivalent,whichever is greater. The operator shall specify inthe operations manual if equivalent landing distancedata are to be applied.c A landing distance on a wet runway shorter than thatrequired by (a), but not less than that required byE3.030(a), may be used if the AFM includes specificadditional information about landing distances onwet runways.d A landing distance on a specially preparedcontaminated runway shorter than that required by(b), but not less than that required by E3.030(a), maybe used if the AFM includes specific additionalinformation about landing distances on contaminatedrunways.e For (b), (c) and (d), the criteria of E3.030 shall beapplied accordingly, except that E3.030(a) shall notbe applied to (b) above.E3.040 Approval of operations with increased bankanglesa Operations with increased bank angles require priorapproval by the competent authority.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 76 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125b To obtain the approval, the operator shall provideevidence that the following conditions are met:Requirement1 the AFM contains approved data for the requiredincrease of operating speed and data to allow theconstruction of the flight path considering theincreased bank angles and speeds;2 visual guidance is available for navigation accuracy;3 weather minima and wind limitations are specifiedfor each runway; and4 the flight crew has obtained adequate knowledge ofthe route to be flown and of the procedures to beused in accordance with Subpart I and J.Appendix E4 Aeroplanes – Performance Class BE4.005 Take-offa The take-off mass shall not exceed the maximumtake-off mass specified in the aircraft flight manual(AFM) for the pressure altitude and the ambienttemperature at the aerodrome of departure.b The unfactored take-off distance, specified in theAFM, shall not exceed:1 when multiplied by a factor of 1.25, the take-off runavailable (TORA); or2 when stop way and/or clearway is available, thefollowing:i the TORA;ii when multiplied by a factor of 1.15, the take-offdistance available (TODA); oriii when multiplied by a factor of 1.3, the ASDA.c When showing compliance with (b), the followingshall be taken into account:1 the mass of the aeroplane at the commencement ofthe take-off run;2 the pressure altitude at the aerodrome;3 the ambient temperature at the aerodrome;4 the runway surface condition and the type of runwaysurface;5 the runway slope in the direction of take-off; and6 not more than 50 % of the reported headwindcomponent or not less than 150 % of the reportedtailwind component.E4.010 Take-off obstacle clearance – multi-enginedaeroplanesa The take-off flight path of aeroplanes with two ormore engines shall be determined in such a way thatthe aeroplane clears all obstacles by a verticaldistance of at least 50 ft, or by a horizontal distanceof at least 90 m plus 0.125 × D, where D is thehorizontal distance travelled by the aeroplane fromthe end of the TODA or the end of the take-offdistance if a turn is scheduled before the end of theTODA, except as provided in (b) and (c). Foraeroplanes with a wingspan of less than 60 m, ahorizontal obstacle clearance of half the aeroplanewingspan plus 60 m plus 0.125 × D may be used. Itshall be assumed that:1 the take-off flight path begins at a height of 50 ftabove the surface at the end of the take-off distancerequired by E4.005(b) and ends at a height of 1,500ft above the surface;2 the aeroplane is not banked before the aeroplane hasreached a height of 50 ft above the surface, andthereafter the angle of bank does not exceed 15°;Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 77 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1253 failure of the critical engine occurs at the point onthe all engine take-off flight path where visualreference for the purpose of avoiding obstacles isexpected to be lost;4 the gradient of the take-off flight path from 50 ft tothe assumed engine failure height is equal to theaverage all-engines gradient during climb andtransition to the en-route configuration, multiplied bya factor of 0.77; and5 the gradient of the take-off flight path from theheight reached in accordance with (a)(4) to the endof the take-off flight path is equal to the OEI en-routeclimb gradient shown in the AFM.b For cases where the intended flight path does notrequire track changes of more than 15°, the operatordoes not need to consider those obstacles that have alateral distance greater than:1 300 m, if the flight is conducted under conditionsallowing visual course guidance navigation, or ifnavigational aids are available enabling the pilot tomaintain the intended flight path with the sameaccuracy; or2 600 m, for flights under all other conditions.c For cases where the intended flight path requirestrack changes of more than 15°, the operator does notneed to consider those obstacles that have a lateraldistance greater than:1 600 m, for flights under conditions allowing visualcourse guidance navigation; or2 900 m, for flights under all other conditions.d When showing compliance with (a) to (c), thefollowing shall be taken into account:1 the mass of the aeroplane at the commencement ofthe take-off run;2 the pressure altitude at the aerodrome;3 the ambient temperature at the aerodrome; and4 not more than 50 % of the reported headwindcomponent or not less than 150 % of the reportedtailwind component.E4.015 En-route – multi-engined aeroplanesa The aeroplane, in the meteorological conditionsexpected for the flight and in the event of the failureof one engine, with the remaining engines operatingwithin the maximum continuous power conditionsspecified, shall be capable of continuing flight at orabove the relevant minimum altitudes for safe flightstated in the operations manual to a point of 1,000 ftabove an aerodrome at which the performancerequirements can be met.Requirementb It shall be assumed that, at the point of enginefailure:1 the aeroplane is not flying at an altitude exceedingthat at which the rate of climb equals 300 ft perminute with all engines operating within themaximum continuous power conditions specified;and2 the en-route gradient with OEI shall be the grossgradient of descent or climb, as appropriate,respectively increased by a gradient of 0.5 %, ordecreased by a gradient of 0.5 %.E4.020 En-route – single-engined aeroplanesa In the meteorological conditions expected for theflight, and in the event of engine failure, theaeroplane shall be capable of reaching a place atwhich a safe forced landing can be made. Forlandplanes, a place on land is required unlessotherwise approved by the Governor.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 78 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125b It shall be assumed that, at the point of enginefailure:1 the aeroplane is not flying at an altitude exceedingthat at which the rate of climb equals 300 ft perminute, with the engine operating within themaximum continuous power conditions specified;and2 the en-route gradient is the gross gradient of descentincreased by a gradient of 0.5 %.E4.025 Landing – destination and alternate aerodromesRequirementThe landing mass of the aeroplane determined inaccordance with 121/135.560 shall not exceed themaximum landing mass specified for the altitude andthe ambient temperature expected at the estimatedtime of landing at the destination aerodrome andalternate aerodrome.E4.030 Landing – dry runwaysa The landing mass of the aeroplane determined inaccordance with 121/135.560 for the estimated timeof landing at the destination aerodrome and at anyalternate aerodrome shall allow a full stop landingfrom 50 ft above the threshold within 70 % of theLDA taking into account:1 the altitude at the aerodrome;2 not more than 50 % of the headwind component ornot less than 150 % of the tailwind component;bcde3 the runway surface condition and the type of runwaysurface; and4 the runway slope in the direction of landing.For steep approach operations, the operator shall uselanding distance data factored in accordance with (a)based on a screen height of less than 60 ft, but notless than 35 ft, and comply with 121/135.555.For short landing operations, the operator shall uselanding distance data factored in accordance with (a)and comply with 121/135.550.For dispatching the aeroplane in accordance with (a)to (c), it shall be assumed that:1 the aeroplane will land on the most favourablerunway, in still air; and2 the aeroplane will land on the runway most likely tobe assigned considering the probable wind speed anddirection, the ground handling characteristics of theaeroplane and other conditions such as landing aidsand terrain.If the operator is unable to comply with (d)(2) for thedestination aerodrome, the aeroplane shall only bedispatched if an alternate aerodrome is designatedthat permits full compliance with (a) to (d).E4.035 Landing – wet and contaminated runwaysa When the appropriate weather reports and/orforecasts indicate that the runway at the estimatedtime of arrival may be wet, the LDA shall be equal toor exceed the required landing distance, determinedin accordance with E4.030, multiplied by a factor of1.15.b When the appropriate weather reports and/orforecasts indicate that the runway at the estimatedtime of arrival may be contaminated, the landingdistance shall not exceed the LDA. The operatorshall specify in the operations manual the landingdistance data to be applied.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 79 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125c A landing distance on a wet runway shorter than thatrequired by (a), but not less than that required byE4.030(a), may be used if the AFM includes specificadditional information about landing distances onwet runways.E4.040 Take-off and landing climb requirementsThe operator of a two-engined aeroplane shall fulfilthe following take-off and landing climbrequirements; except that a two-engined aeroplanethat does not meet these climb requirements shall betreated as a single-engined aeroplane.RequirementabTake-off climb1 All engines operatingi The steady gradient of climb after take-off shall be atleast 4 % with:A take-off power on each engine;B the landing gear extended, except that if the landinggear can be retracted in not more than seven seconds,it may be assumed to be retracted;C the wing flaps in the take-off position(s); andD a climb speed not less than the greater of 1.1 V MC(minimum control speed on or near ground) and 1.2V S1 (stall speed or minimum steady flight speed inthe landing configuration).2 One-engine-inoperative (OEI)i The steady gradient of climb at an altitude of 400 ftabove the take-off surface shall be measurablypositive with:A the critical engine inoperative and its propeller in theminimum drag position;B the remaining engine at take-off power;C the landing gear retracted;D the wing flaps in the take-off position(s); andE a climb speed equal to that achieved at 50 ft.ii The steady gradient of climb shall be not less than0.75 % at an altitude of 1,500 ft above the take-offsurface with:A the critical engine inoperative and its propeller in theminimum drag position;B the remaining engine at not more than maximumcontinuous power;C the landing gear retracted;D the wing flaps retracted; andE a climb speed not less than 1.2 V S1 .Landing climb1 All engines operatingi The steady gradient of climb shall be at least 2.5 %with:A not more than the power or thrust that is availableeight seconds after initiation of movement of thepower controls from the minimum flight idleposition;B the landing gear extended;C the wing flaps in the landing position; andD a climb speed equal to V REF (reference landingspeed).2 One-engine-inoperative (OEI)i The steady gradient of climb shall be not less than0.75 % at an altitude of 1,500 ft above the landingsurface with:A the critical engine inoperative and its propeller in theminimum drag position;B the remaining engine at not more than maximumcontinuous power;Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 80 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125C the landing gear retracted;D the wing flaps retracted; andE a climb speed not less than 1.2 V S1 .Appendix E5 Aeroplanes – Performance Class CE5.005 Take-offa The take-off mass shall not exceed the maximumtake-off mass specified in the aircraft flight manual(AFM) for the pressure altitude and the ambienttemperature at the aerodrome of departure.RequirementbcFor aeroplanes that have take-off field length datacontained in their AFM that do not include enginefailure accountability, the distance from the start ofthe take-off roll required by the aeroplane to reach aheight of 50 ft above the surface with all enginesoperating within the maximum take-off powerconditions specified, when multiplied by a factor ofeither:1 1.33 for aeroplanes having two engines;2 1.25 for aeroplanes having three engines; or3 1.18 for aeroplanes having four engines,shall not exceed the take-off run available (TORA) atthe aerodrome at which the take-off is to be made.For aeroplanes that have take-off field length datacontained in their AFM which accounts for enginefailure, the following requirements shall be met inaccordance with the specifications in the AFM:1 the accelerate-stop distance shall not exceed theASDA;2 the take-off distance shall not exceed the take-offdistance available (TODA), with a clearway distancenot exceeding half of the TORA;3 the take-off run shall not exceed the TORA;4 a single value of V 1 for the rejected and continuedtake-off shall be used; and5 on a wet or contaminated runway the take-off massshall not exceed that permitted for a take-off on a dryrunway under the same conditions.d The following shall be taken into account:1 the pressure altitude at the aerodrome;2 the ambient temperature at the aerodrome;3 the runway surface condition and the type of runwaysurface;4 the runway slope in the direction of take-off;5 not more that 50 % of the reported headwindcomponent or not less than 150 % of the reportedtailwind component; and6 the loss, if any, of runway length due to alignment ofthe aeroplane prior to take-off.E5.010 Take-off obstacle clearancea The take-off flight path with OEI shall be determinedsuch that the aeroplane clears all obstacles by avertical distance of at least 50 ft plus 0.01 × D, or bya horizontal distance of at least 90 m plus 0.125 × D,where D is the horizontal distance the aeroplane hastravelled from the end of the TODA. For aeroplaneswith a wingspan of less than 60 m, a horizontalobstacle clearance of half the aeroplane wingspanplus 60 m plus 0.125 × D may be used.b The take-off flight path shall begin at a height of 50ft above the surface at the end of the take-offdistance required by E5.005 (b) or (c), as applicable,and end at a height of 1,500 ft above the surface.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 81 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125c When showing compliance with (a), the followingshall be taken into account:1 the mass of the aeroplane at the commencement ofthe take-off run;2 the pressure altitude at the aerodrome;3 the ambient temperature at the aerodrome; and4 not more than 50 % of the reported headwindcomponent or not less than 150 % of the reportedtailwind component.d Track changes shall not be allowed up to that pointof the take-off flight path where a height of 50 ftabove the surface has been achieved. Thereafter, upto a height of 400 ft it is assumed that the aeroplaneis banked by no more than 15°. Above 400 ft heightbank angles greater than 15°, but not more than 25°,may be scheduled. Adequate allowance shall bemade for the effect of bank angle on operating speedsand flight path, including the distance incrementsresulting from increased operating speeds.RequirementefgFor cases that do not require track changes of morethan 15°, the operator does not need to considerthose obstacles that have a lateral distance greaterthan:1 300 m, if the pilot is able to maintain the requirednavigational accuracy through the obstacleaccountability area; or2 600 m, for flights under all other conditions.For cases that do require track changes of more than15°, the operator does not need to consider thoseobstacles that have a lateral distance greater than:1 600 m, if the pilot is able to maintain the requirednavigational accuracy through the obstacleaccountability area; or2 900 m, for flights under all other conditions.The operator shall establish contingency proceduresto satisfy (a) to (f) and to provide a safe route,avoiding obstacles, to enable the aeroplane to eithercomply with the en-route requirements of E5.015, orland at either the aerodrome of departure or at a takeoffalternate aerodrome.E5.015 En-route – all engines operatinga In the meteorological conditions expected for theflight, at any point on its route or on any planneddiversion therefrom, the aeroplane shall be capable ofa rate of climb of at least 300 ft per minute with allengines operating within the maximum continuouspower conditions specified at:1 the minimum altitudes for safe flight on each stage ofthe route to be flown, or of any planned diversiontherefrom, specified in or calculated from theinformation contained in the operations manualrelating to the aeroplane; and2 the minimum altitudes necessary for compliance withthe conditions prescribed in E5.020 and E5.025, asappropriate.E5.020 En-route – one-engine-inoperative (OEI)Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 82 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125a In the meteorological conditions expected for theflight, in the event of any one engine becominginoperative at any point on its route or on anyplanned diversion therefrom and with the otherengine(s) operating within the maximum continuouspower conditions specified, the aeroplane shall becapable of continuing the flight from the cruisingaltitude to an aerodrome where a landing can bemade in accordance with E5.035 or E5.040, asappropriate. The aeroplane shall clear obstacleswithin 5 NM (9.3 km) either side of the intendedtrack by a vertical interval of at least:Requirement1 1,000 ft, when the rate of climb is zero or greater; or2 2,000 ft, when the rate of climb is less than zero.b The flight path shall have a positive slope at analtitude of 1,500 ft (450 m) above the aerodromewhere the landing is assumed to be made after thefailure of one engine.c The available rate of climb of the aeroplane shall betaken to be 150 ft per minute less than the gross rateof climb specified.d The width margins of (a) shall be increased to 10NM (18.5 km) if the navigational accuracy does notmeet at least RNP5.e Fuel jettisoning is permitted to an extent consistentwith reaching the aerodrome with the required fuelreserves, if a safe procedure is used.E5.025 En-route – aeroplanes with three or moreengines, two engines inoperativea At no point along the intended track shall anaeroplane having three or more engines be more than90 minutes, at the all-engines long range cruisingspeed at standard temperature in still air, away froman aerodrome at which the performance requirementsapplicable at the expected landing mass are met,unless it complies with (b) to (e).bcdeThe two-engines-inoperative flight path shall permitthe aeroplane to continue the flight, in the expectedmeteorological conditions, clearing all obstacleswithin 5 NM (9.3 km) either side of the intendedtrack by a vertical interval of at least 2,000 ft, to anaerodrome at which the performance requirementsapplicable at the expected landing mass are met.The two engines are assumed to fail at the mostcritical point of that portion of the route where theaeroplane is more than 90 minutes, at the all-engineslong range cruising speed at standard temperature instill air, away from an aerodrome at which theperformance requirements applicable at the expectedlanding mass are met.The expected mass of the aeroplane at the pointwhere the two engines are assumed to fail shall notbe less than that which would include sufficient fuelto proceed to an aerodrome where the landing isassumed to be made, and to arrive there at an altitudeof a least 1,500 ft (450 m) directly over the landingarea and thereafter to fly level for 15 minutes.The available rate of climb of the aeroplane shall betaken to be 150 ft per minute less than that specified.f The width margins of (b) shall be increased to 10NM (18.5 km) if the navigational accuracy does notmeet at least RNP5.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 83 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125g Fuel jettisoning is permitted to an extent consistentwith reaching the aerodrome with the required fuelreserves, if a safe procedure is used.E5.030 Landing – destination and alternate aerodromesRequirementThe landing mass of the aeroplane determined inaccordance with 121/135.560 shall not exceed themaximum landing mass specified in the AFM for thealtitude and, if accounted for in the AFM, theambient temperature expected for the estimated timeof landing at the destination aerodrome and alternateaerodrome.E5.035 Landing – dry runwaysa The landing mass of the aeroplane determined inaccordance with 121/135.560 for the estimated timeof landing at the destination aerodrome and anyalternate aerodrome shall allow a full stop landingfrom 50 ft above the threshold within 70 % of theLDA taking into account:1 the altitude at the aerodrome;2 not more than 50 % of the headwind component ornot less than 150 % of the tailwind component;3 the type of runway surface; and4 the slope of the runway in the direction of landing.bcFor dispatching the aeroplane it shall be assumedthat:1 the aeroplane will land on the most favourablerunway in still air; and2 the aeroplane will land on the runway most likely tobe assigned considering the probable wind speed anddirection, the ground handling characteristics of theaeroplane and other conditions such as landing aidsand terrain.If the operator is unable to comply with (b)(2) for thedestination aerodrome, the aeroplane shall only bedispatched if an alternate aerodrome is designatedthat permits full compliance with (a) and (b).E5.040 Landing – wet and contaminated runwaysa When the appropriate weather reports and/orforecasts indicate that the runway at the estimatedtime of arrival may be wet, the LDA shall be equal toor exceed the required landing distance, determinedin accordance with E5.035, multiplied by a factor of1.15.b When the appropriate weather reports and/orforecasts indicate that the runway at the estimatedtime of arrival may be contaminated, the landingdistance shall not exceed the LDA. The operatorshall specify in the operations manual the landingdistance data to be applied.Appendix E6 Helicopters – Performance GeneralE6.005 Significant performance factorsTo determine the performance of the helicopter,account should be taken of at least the followingfactors:a mass of the helicopter;b pressure-altitude and temperature; andc wind:1 except as provided in (3), for take-off, take-off flightpath and landing requirements, accountability forwind shall be no more than 50 % of any reportedsteady headwind component of 5 kt or more;Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 84 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1252 where take-off and landing with a tailwindcomponent is permitted in the aircraft flight manual(AFM), and in all cases for the take-off flight path,not less than 150 % of any reported tailwindcomponent shall be taken into account; andRequirement3 where precise wind measuring equipment enablesaccurate measurement of wind velocity over thepoint of take-off and landing, wind components inexcess of 50 % may be established by the operator,provided that the operator demonstrates to thecompetent authority that the proximity to the FATOand accuracy enhancements of the wind measuringequipment provide an equivalent level of safety.E6.010 Obstacle accountabilitya For the purpose of obstacle clearance requirements,an obstacle located beyond the FATO, in the take-offflight path, or the missed approach flight path shallbe considered if its lateral distance from the nearestpoint on the surface below the intended flight path isnot further than the following:b1 For operations under VFR:i half of the minimum width defined in the AFM – or,when no width is defined, ‘0.75 × D’, where D is thelargest dimension of the helicopter when the rotorsare turning;ii plus, the greater of ‘0.25 × D’ or ‘3 m’;iii plus:A 0.10 × distance DR for operations under VFR byday; orB 0.15 × distance DR for operations under VFR atnight.2 For operations under IFR:i ‘1.5 D’ or 30 m, whichever is greater, plus:A 0.10 × distance DR, for operations under IFR withaccurate course guidance;B 0.15 × distance DR, for operations under IFR withstandard course guidance; orC 0.30 × distance DR for operations under IFR withoutcourse guidance.ii When considering the missed approach flight path,the divergence of the obstacle accountability areaonly applies after the end of the take-off distanceavailable.3 For operations with initial take-off conductedvisually and converted to IFR/IMC at a transitionpoint, the criteria required in (1) apply up to thetransition point, and the criteria required in (2) applyafter the transition point. The transition point cannotbe located before the end of the take-off distancerequired for helicopters (TODRH) operating inperformance class 1 or before the defined point aftertake-off (DPATO) for helicopters operating inperformance class 2.For take-off using a back-up or a lateral transitionprocedure, for the purpose of obstacle clearancerequirements, an obstacle located in the back-up orlateral transition area shall be considered if its lateraldistance from the nearest point on the surface belowthe intended flight path is not further than:1 half of the minimum width defined in the AFM or,when no width is defined, ‘0.75 × D’;2 plus the greater of ‘0.25 × D’ or ‘3 m’;3 plus:Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 85 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125i for operations under VFR by day 0.10 × the distancetravelled from the back of the FATO, orii for operations under VFR at night 0.15 × thedistance travelled from the back of the FATO.c Obstacles may be disregarded if they are situatedbeyond:1 7 × rotor radius (R) for day operations, if it is assuredthat navigational accuracy can be achieved byreference to suitable visual cues during the climb;Requirement2 10 × R for night operations, if it is assured thatnavigational accuracy can be achieved by referenceto suitable visual cues during the climb;3 300 m if navigational accuracy can be achieved byappropriate navigation aids; or4 900 m in all other cases.Appendix E7 Helicopters – Performance Class 1E7.005 Take-offa The take-off mass shall not exceed the maximumtake-off mass specified in the AFM for the procedureto be used.b The take-off mass shall be such that:1 it is possible to reject the take-off and land on theFATO in case of the critical engine failure beingrecognised at or before the take-off decision point(TDP);2 the rejected take-off distance required (RTODRH)does not exceed the rejected take-off distanceavailable (RTODAH); and3 the TODRH does not exceed the take-off distanceavailable (TODAH).4 Notwithstanding (b)(3), the TODRH may exceed theTODAH if the helicopter, with the critical enginefailure recognised at TDP can, when continuing thetake-off, clear all obstacles to the end of the TODRHby a vertical margin of not less than 35 ft (10.7 m).c When showing compliance with (a) and (b), accountshall be taken of the appropriate parameters of135.505(a), 135.505(b) and E6.005 at the aerodromeor operating site of departure.d That part of the take-off up to and including TDPshall be conducted with the surface in sight so that arejected take-off can be carried out.e For take-off using a backup or lateral transitionprocedure, with the critical engine failure recognitionat or before the TDP, all obstacles in the back-up orlateral transition area shall be cleared by an adequatemargin.E7.010 Take-off flight patha From the end of the TODRH with the critical enginefailure recognised at the TDP:1 The take-off mass shall be such that the take-offflight path provides a vertical clearance, above allobstacles located in the climb path, of not less than35 ft (10.7 m) for operations under VFR and 35 ft(10.7 m) + 0.01 × distance DR for operations underIFR. Only obstacles as specified in E6.0010 have tobe considered.2 Where a change of direction of more than 15° ismade, adequate allowance shall be made for theeffect of bank angle on the ability to comply with theobstacle clearance requirements. This turn is not tobe initiated before reaching a height of 200 ft (61 m)above the take-off surface unless it is part of anapproved procedure in the AFM.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 86 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125b When showing compliance with (a), account shall betaken of the appropriate parameters of 135.505(a),135.505(b) and E6.005 at the aerodrome or operatingsite of departure.E7.015 En-route – critical engine inoperativea The mass of the helicopter and flight path at allpoints along the route, with the critical engineinoperative and the meteorological conditionsexpected for the flight, shall permit compliance with(1), (2) or (3):1 When it is intended that the flight will be conductedat any time out of sight of the surface, the mass of thehelicopter permits a rate of climb of at least 50ft/minute with the critical engine inoperative at analtitude of at least 1,000 ft (300 m), or 2,000 ft (600m) in areas of mountainous terrain, above all terrainand obstacles along the route within 5 NM (9.3 km)on either side of the intended track.Requirement2 When it is intended that the flight will be conductedwithout the surface in sight, the flight path permitsthe helicopter to continue flight from the cruisingaltitude to a height of 1,000 ft (300 m) above alanding site where a landing can be made inaccordance with E7.020. The flight path clearsvertically, by at least 1,000 ft (300 m) or 2,000 ft(600 m) in areas of mountainous terrain, all terrainand obstacles along the route within 5 NM (9.3 km)on either side of the intended track. Drift-downtechniques may be used.3 When it is intended that the flight will be conductedin VMC with the surface in sight, the flight pathpermits the helicopter to continue flight from thecruising altitude to a height of 1,000 ft (300 m)above a landing site where a landing can be made inaccordance with E7.020, without flying at any timebelow the appropriate minimum flight altitude.Obstacles within 900 m on either side of the routeneed to be considered.E7.020 Landinga The landing mass of the helicopter at the estimatedtime of landing shall not exceed the maximum massspecified in the AFM for the procedure to be used.bcdeIn the event of the critical engine failure beingrecognised at any point at or before the landingdecision point (LDP), it is possible either to land andstop within the FATO, or to perform a balked landingand clear all obstacles in the flight path by a verticalmargin of 35 ft (10.7 m). Only obstacles as specifiedin E6.010 have to be considered.In the event of the critical engine failure beingrecognised at any point at or after the LDP, it ispossible to:1 clear all obstacles in the approach path; and2 land and stop within the FATO.When showing compliance with (a) to (c), accountshall be taken of the appropriate parameters of135.505(a), 135.505(b) and E6.005 for the estimatedtime of landing at the destination aerodrome oroperating site, or any alternate if required.That part of the landing from the LDP to touchdownshall be conducted with the surface in sight.Appendix E8 Helicopters – Performance Class 2Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 87 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125E8.005 Operations without an assured safe forcedlanding capabilitya To obtain and maintain approval for operationswithout an assured safe forced landing capabilityduring the take-off and landing phases the operatorshall:1 conduct a risk assessment, specifying:i the type of helicopter; andii the type of operations;2 implement the following set of conditions:i attain and maintain the helicopter/enginemodification standard defined by the manufacturer;Requirementii conduct the preventive maintenance actionsrecommended by the helicopter or enginemanufacturer;iii include take-off and landing procedures in theoperations manual, where they do not already exist inthe AFM;iv specify training for flight crew; andv provide a system for reporting to the manufacturerloss of power, engine shutdown or engine failureevents;and3 implement a usage monitoring system (UMS).b A record of the risk assessement carried out under(a) shall be maintained and revised as necessary inaccordance with the requirements of the operator'ssafety management system.E8.010 Take-offa The take-off mass shall not exceed the maximummass specified for a rate of climb of 150 ft/min at1,000 ft (300 m) above the level of the aerodrome oroperating site with the critical engine inoperative andthe remaining engine(s) operating at an appropriatepower rating.b For operations other than those specified in E8.005,the take-off shall be conducted such that a safeforced landing can be executed until the point wheresafe continuation of the flight is possible.c For operations in accordance with E8.005, inaddition to the requirements of (a):1 the take-off mass shall not exceed the maximummass specified in the aircraft flight manual (AFM)for an all engines operating out of ground effect(AEO OGE) hover in still air with all enginesoperating at an appropriate power rating.2 for operations from a helideck:i with a helicopter that has an MAPSC of more than19; orii any helicopter operated from a helideck located in ahostile environment,the take-off mass shall take into account: theprocedure; deck-edge miss and drop downappropriate to the height of the helideck with thecritical engine(s) inoperative and the remainingengines operating at an appropriate power rating.d When showing compliance with (a) to (c), accountshall be taken of the appropriate parameters of135.505(a), 135.505(b) and E6.005 at the point ofdeparture.e That part of the take-off before the requirement ofE8.015 is met shall be conducted with the surface insight.E8.015 Take-off flight pathOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 88 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 125From the defined point after take-off (DPATO) or, asan alternative, no later than 200 ft above the take-offsurface, with the critical engine inoperative, therequirements of E7.010 (a)(1), (a)(2) and (b) shall becomplied with.E8.020 En-route – critical engine inoperativeThe requirement of E7.015 shall be complied with.RequirementE8.025 Landinga The landing mass at the estimated time of landingshall not exceed the maximum mass specified for arate of climb of 150 ft/min at 1,000 ft (300 m) abovethe level of the aerodrome or operating site with thecritical engine inoperative and the remainingengine(s) operating at an appropriate power rating.bcdIf the critical engine fails at any point in the approachpath:1 a balked landing can be carried out meeting therequirement of E8.015; or2 for operations other than those specified in E8.005,the helicopter can perform a safe forced landing.For operations in accordance with E8.005, inaddition to the requirements of (a):1 the landing mass shall not exceed the maximum massspecified in the AFM for an AEO OGE hover in stillair with all engines operating at an appropriate powerrating.2 for operations to a helideck:i with a helicopter that has an MAPSC of more than19; orii any helicopter operated to a helideck located in ahostile environment,the landing mass shall take into account theprocedure and drop down appropriate to the height ofthe helideck with the critical engine inoperative andthe remaining engine(s) operating at an appropriatepower rating.When showing compliance with (a) to (c), accountshall be taken of the appropriate parameters of135.505(a), 135.505(b) and E6.005 at the destinationaerodrome or any alternate, if required.e That part of the landing after which the requirementof (b)(1) cannot be met shall be conducted with thesurface in sight.Appendix E9 Helicopters – Performance Class 3E9.005 Operations without an assured safe forcedlanding capabilitya Provided the operator has conducted and recordedrisk assessments as described in E8.005 (a)(1) and(b), operations may be conducted to/from anaerodrome or operating site located outside acongested hostile environment without an assuredsafe forced landing capability:1 during take-off, before reaching V y (speed for bestrate of climb) or 200 ft above the take-off surface; or2 during landing, below 200 ft above the landingsurface.E9.010 Take-offa The take-off mass shall be the lower of:1 the MTOM; orOps OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 89 of 90

Part 91 RequirementPart 1252 the maximum take-off mass specified for a hover inground effect with all engines operating at take-offpower, or if conditions are such that a hover inground effect is not likely to be established, the takeoffmass specified for a hover out of ground effectwith all engines operating at take-off power.Requirementb Except as provided in E9.005, in the event of anengine failure the helicopter shall be able to performa safe forced landing.E9.015 En-routea The helicopter shall be able, with all enginesoperating within the maximum continuous powerconditions, to continue along its intended route or toa planned diversion without flying at any point belowthe appropriate minimum flight altitude.b In the event of an engine failure the helicopter shallbe able to perform a safe forced landing.E9.020 Landinga The landing mass of the helicopter at the estimatedtime of landing shall be the lower of:1 the maximum certified landing mass; or2 the maximum landing mass specified for a hover inground effect, with all engines operating at take-offpower, or if conditions are such that a hover inground effect is not likely to be established, thelanding mass for a hover out of ground effect with allengines operating at take-off power.b Except as provided in E9.005, in the event of anengine failure, the helicopter shall be able to performa safe forced landing.Ops OTAR Parts 91 & 125 v8-0 Page 90 of 90