Improvised Munitions Handbook (Improvised Explosive Devices or ...

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Frankford Arsenal Philadelphia Pennsylvania For Official Use Only For further information or additional inserts, contact: Commanding Officer Frankford Arsenal ATTN: SMUF A-U3100, Special Products Division Small Caliber Engineering Directorate Philadelphia, Pa. 19137 Additional inserts will be made available as evaluation tests are completed. Please notify the above agency of any change of address so that you may receive them.
Improvised Munitions Handbook (Improvised Explosive Devices or IEDs) Section 0 Introduction 0.1 Purpose and Scope In Unconventional Warfare operations it may be impossible or unwise to use conventional military munitions as tools in the conduct of certain missions. It may be necessary instead to fabricate the required munitions from locally available or unassuming materials. The purpose of this manual is to increase the potential of Special Forces and guerrilla troops by describing in detail the manufacture of munitions from seemingly innocuous locally available materials. Manufactured, precision devices almost always will be more effective, more reliable, and easier to use than improvised ones, but shelf items will just not be available for certain operations for security or logistical reasons. Therefore the operator will have to rely on materials he can buy in a drug or paint store, find in a junk pile, or scrounge from military stocks. Also, many of the ingredients and materials used in fabricating homemade items are so commonplace or innocuous they can be carried without arousing suspicion. The completed item itself often is more easily concealed or camouflaged. In addition, the field expedient item can be tailored for the intended target, thereby providing an advantage over the standard item in flexibility and versatility. The manual contains simple explanations and illustrations to permit construction of the items by personnel not normally familiar with making and handling munitions. These items were conceived in-house or, obtained from other publications or personnel engaged in munitions or special warfare work. This manual includes methods for fabricating explosives, detonators, propellants, shaped charges, small arms, mortars, incendiaries, delays, switches, and similar items from indigenous materials. 0.2 Safety and Reliability Each item was evaluated both theoretically and experimentally to assure safety and reliability. A large number of items were discarded because of inherent hazards or unreliable performance. Safety warnings are prominently inserted in the procedures where they apply but it is emphasized that safety is a matter of attitude. It is a proven fact that men who are alert, who think out a situation, and who take correct precautions have fewer accidents than the careless and indifferent. It is important that work be planned and that instructions be followed to the letter; all work should be done in a neat and orderly manner. In the manufacture of explosives, detonators, propellants and incendiaries, equipment must be kept clean and such energy concentrations as sparks, friction, impact, hot objects, flame, chemical reactions, and excessive pressure should be avoided. These items were found to be effective in most environments; however, samples should be made and tested remotely prior to actual use to assure proper performance. Chemical items should be used as soon as possible after preparation and kept free of moisture, dirt, and the above energy concentrations. Special care should be taken in any attempt at substitution or use of items for purposes other than that specified or intended.
Page 1 and 2: TM 31-210 Department of the Army Te
Page 3 and 4: 1.25 Sodium Chlorate and Sugar or A
Page 5: 7.5 Altimeter Switch 7.6 Pull-Loop
Page 9 and 10: Improvised Munitions Handbook (Impr
Page 11 and 12: 2. Place wood ashes on cloth and sp
Page 13 and 14: 8. 9. 10. When liquid has boiled do
Page 15 and 16: 6. 7. Place screening over dry buck
Page 17 and 18: 6. Caution: Do not overheat or wet
Page 19 and 20: 4. 5. Place the aluminum metal on t
Page 21 and 22: 1. 2. 3. Spread a handful of the am
Page 23 and 24: Mixing container (bowl, bucket, etc
Page 25 and 26: Mixing container (wide bowl, can, e
Page 27 and 28: 2. 3. 4. 5. If available, add the f
Page 29 and 30: Materials Required Source Field gra
Page 31 and 32: e detonated with a commercial #8 or
Page 33 and 34: 1.12 Methyl Nitrate Dynamite A mois
Page 35 and 36: 8. Add an equal quantity of water t
Page 37 and 38: Water Tape Blasting cap Steel pipe
Page 39 and 40: 4. Filter mixture as in step 2. Ure
Page 41 and 42: 1. 2. 3. Place 10 grams of copper p
Page 43 and 44: 7. 8. Filter the solution through a
Page 45 and 46: 4. 5. Filter the mixture through a
Page 47 and 48: 3. 4. Caution: Keep solution away f
Page 49 and 50: Materials Required Source Drugstore
Page 51 and 52: Water Pan Procedure 1. 2. 3. Mix 12
Page 53 and 54: milliliters) of hot water each time
Page 55 and 56: 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Filter the mixture
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1. Weigh 2 grams each of picric aci
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Rod (glass or wood) Glass container
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7. 8. Heat canning jar of sulfuric
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1. 2. 3. 4. Dilute 2-1/4 teaspoons
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Caution: Handle dry explosive with
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3. 4. Strip about 4 inches of insul
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1.24 Mercury Fulminate Mercury fulm
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6. 7. Wash the crystals with 6 teas
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3. Pour mixture into pipe. 4. Inser
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2. Screw pipe cap to one and of pip
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2. Tape, tie or glue one or two row
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2. Ignite the string and allow to b
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2.4 Grenade-Tin Can Land Mine This
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Materials Required Iron pipe approx
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2. Connect firing leads to battery
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1. Place plug in mouth of bottle. 2
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1. Crimp cap around fuse. Caution:
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c. d. e. f. Place large pipe on fla
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Funnel(s) (glass, steel, or aluminu
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Material Funnels inches metric inch
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1. If pipe is used: a. Place the pi
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Caution: Do not place blasting cap
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3. Drill a 25/64 inch (1 cm) diamet
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Note: If 9/16 inch drill is not ava
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. Release strap. 3. To Remove Shell
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lacquer after each layer. 6. Drill
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3. Attach a long cord to the firing
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2. Pour shot from shell. 3. Replace
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Pipe wrench Shellac or lacquer Elas
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11. Position metal strap on stock s
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3.5 Reusable Primer A method of mak
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9. Place cup in pocket with mixture
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8. (Optional) Bend bolt for trigger
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Bolt, 3/32 inch (2-1/2 mm) or small
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11. Place screw on each side of sto
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1. Follow steps 1 through 3 in A. 2
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Note: Number of matches and size of
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3.9 Pipe Pistol for .38 Caliber Amm
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a. Make sure that there are no crac
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Table I Low Signature System Dimens
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further reduce the signature of the
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Note: Be sure that the water pipe h
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3. Drill a hole through the center
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11. Replace the 12 gauge cardboard
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Caution: 8 grams of black powder yi
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3. Place free end of fuse and black
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1. Drill hole in center of wood blo
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8. Insert rag into front of shotgun
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1. Drill small hole through center
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Note: The 14 inch launcher may be h
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3. Place bolt through hole in end c
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150 25 40 0 300 50 40 1 700 150 40
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2. Remove the acid from heat and al
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4. Push the taped matches into the
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2. Cut 2 slots on opposite sides of
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8. Punch many closely spaced small
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5.4.3 Soap-Alcohol System 5.4.4 Egg
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Caution: Lye solution can burn skin
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Note: Do not get the yellow egg yol
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natural waxes which have suspended
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4. Form a tube from cardboard just
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After a time delay, the acid will e
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4. Add 12 tablespoons of shellac to
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1. Separate a handful of steel wool
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5.8 Improvised Yellow Flare A yello
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6. Mix ingredients thoroughly by fo
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12. Knot one end of the fuse and pl
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1. Measure 3 level tablespoons of p
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8. Remove lid from quart jar and ad
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5. Place the fused white flare mix
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6. Place all ingredients on the win
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10. Just before use as a black smok
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Improvised Munitions Handbook (Impr
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5. Fill the tube with black powder
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4. Fold matches over fuse and tape.
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Cigarette Paper match String (shoel
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Procedure 1. If watch has a sweep o
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3. Enlarge the hole in the plug exc
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. Measure the time it takes for the
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6.7 Fuse Cords These fuse cords are
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Materials Required Spring type clot
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6.9 Time Delay Grenade This delay m
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3. Secure the wire in place across
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3. Remove safety pin pull ring and
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Note: If time delay is used for Imp
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Caution: Use extreme care—sudden
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9. Place safety fuse in delay fuse
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4. Load the primary explosive in th
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Note: Tamping is not needed when TA
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2. Wind one scraped wire tightly on
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2. Retract the striker of the mouse
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2. Strip insulation from the end of
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7.4 Metal Ball Switch This switch w
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4. Place metal ball on block so tha
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3. Strip insulation from the ends o
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1. Separate loops by about 2 inches
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3. Tie a piece of thread around the
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4. Insert safety fuse in hole. Be s
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7.11 Automobile Generator Power Sou
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2. Place one foot on the generator
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How to Use 1. Just prior to use (no
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Ammonium chloride (sal ammoniac) (s
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made by hooking the wire through ho
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It is a more efficient detonating a
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A2.4 RDX TM 9-1900, Ammunition, Gen
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A2.10 Blasting Gelatin Description
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Improvised Munitions Handbook (Impr
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089 non-electrical nonelectrical 09
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that makes it illegal in certain ci
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