Improvised Munitions Handbook (Improvised Explosive Devices or ...

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Improvised Munitions Handbook (Improvised Explosive Devices or IEDs) Appendix 1 Primary High Explosives A1.1 Mercury Fulminate Description Mercury fulminate is an initiating explosive, commonly appearing as white or gray crystals. It is extremely sensitive to initiation by heat, friction, spark or flame, and impact. It detonates when initiated by any of these means. It is pressed into containers, usually at 3000 pounds per square inch (20 mPa), for use in detonators and blasting caps. However, when compressed at greater and greater pressure (up to 30,000 pounds per square inch or 200 mPa), it becomes “dead pressed.” In this condition, it can only be exploded by another initial detonating agent. Mercury fulminate gradually becomes inert when stored continuously above 100°F. A dark-colored product of deterioration gives evidence of this effect. Mercury fulminate is stored underwater except when there is danger of freezing. Then it is stored under a mixture of water and alcohol. Comments This material was tested. It is effective. References TM 9-1900, Ammunition, General, page 59. TM 9-1910, Military Explosives, page 98. A1.2 Lead Styphnate Description Lead styphnate is an initiating explosive, commonly appearing in the form of orange or brown crystals. It is easily ignited by heat and static discharge but cannot be used to initiate secondary high explosives reliably. Lead styphnate is used as an igniting charge for lead azide and as an ingredient in priming mixtures for small arms ammunition. In these applications, it is usually mixed with other materials first and then pressed into a metallic container (detonators and primers). Lead styphnate is stored under water except when there is danger of freezing. Then it is stored under a mixture of water and alcohol. Comments This item was tested. It is effective. References TM 9-1900, Ammunition, General, page 59. TM 9-1910, Military Explosives, page 107. A1.3 Lead Azide Description Lead azide is an initiating explosive and is produced as a white to buff crystalline substance.
It is a more efficient detonating agent than mercury fulminate and it does not decompose on long continued storage at moderately elevated temperatures. It is sensitive to both flame and impact but requires a layer of lead styphnate priming mixture to produce reliable initiation when it is used in detonators that are initiated by a firing pin or electrical energy. It is generally loaded into aluminum detonator housings and must not be loaded into housing of copper or brass because extremely sensitive copper azide can be formed in the presence of moisture. Comments This material was tested. It is effective. References TM 9-1900, Ammunition, General, page 60. TM 9-1910, Military Explosives, page 103. A1.4 DDNP Description DDNP (diazodinitrophenol is a primary high explosive. It is extensively used in commercial blasting caps that are initiated by black powder safety fuse. It is superior to mercury fulminate in stability but is not as stable as lead azide. DDNP is desensitized by immersion in water. Comments This material was tested. It is effective. References TM 9-1900, Ammunition, General, page 60. TM 9-1910, Military Explosives, page 103.
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TM 31-210 Department of the Army Te
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1.25 Sodium Chlorate and Sugar or A
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7.5 Altimeter Switch 7.6 Pull-Loop
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Improvised Munitions Handbook (Impr
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2. Place wood ashes on cloth and sp
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8. 9. 10. When liquid has boiled do
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6. 7. Place screening over dry buck
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6. Caution: Do not overheat or wet
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4. 5. Place the aluminum metal on t
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1. 2. 3. Spread a handful of the am
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Mixing container (bowl, bucket, etc
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Mixing container (wide bowl, can, e
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2. 3. 4. 5. If available, add the f
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Materials Required Source Field gra
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e detonated with a commercial #8 or
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1.12 Methyl Nitrate Dynamite A mois
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8. Add an equal quantity of water t
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Water Tape Blasting cap Steel pipe
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4. Filter mixture as in step 2. Ure
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1. 2. 3. Place 10 grams of copper p
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7. 8. Filter the solution through a
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4. 5. Filter the mixture through a
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3. 4. Caution: Keep solution away f
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Materials Required Source Drugstore
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Water Pan Procedure 1. 2. 3. Mix 12
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milliliters) of hot water each time
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6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Filter the mixture
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1. Weigh 2 grams each of picric aci
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Rod (glass or wood) Glass container
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7. 8. Heat canning jar of sulfuric
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1. 2. 3. 4. Dilute 2-1/4 teaspoons
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Caution: Handle dry explosive with
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3. 4. Strip about 4 inches of insul
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1.24 Mercury Fulminate Mercury fulm
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6. 7. Wash the crystals with 6 teas
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3. Pour mixture into pipe. 4. Inser
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2. Screw pipe cap to one and of pip
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2. Tape, tie or glue one or two row
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2. Ignite the string and allow to b
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2.4 Grenade-Tin Can Land Mine This
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Materials Required Iron pipe approx
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2. Connect firing leads to battery
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1. Place plug in mouth of bottle. 2
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1. Crimp cap around fuse. Caution:
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c. d. e. f. Place large pipe on fla
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Funnel(s) (glass, steel, or aluminu
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Material Funnels inches metric inch
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1. If pipe is used: a. Place the pi
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Caution: Do not place blasting cap
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3. Drill a 25/64 inch (1 cm) diamet
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Note: If 9/16 inch drill is not ava
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. Release strap. 3. To Remove Shell
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lacquer after each layer. 6. Drill
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3. Attach a long cord to the firing
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2. Pour shot from shell. 3. Replace
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Pipe wrench Shellac or lacquer Elas
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11. Position metal strap on stock s
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3.5 Reusable Primer A method of mak
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9. Place cup in pocket with mixture
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8. (Optional) Bend bolt for trigger
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Bolt, 3/32 inch (2-1/2 mm) or small
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11. Place screw on each side of sto
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1. Follow steps 1 through 3 in A. 2
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Note: Number of matches and size of
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3.9 Pipe Pistol for .38 Caliber Amm
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a. Make sure that there are no crac
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Table I Low Signature System Dimens
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further reduce the signature of the
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Note: Be sure that the water pipe h
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3. Drill a hole through the center
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11. Replace the 12 gauge cardboard
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Caution: 8 grams of black powder yi
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3. Place free end of fuse and black
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1. Drill hole in center of wood blo
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8. Insert rag into front of shotgun
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1. Drill small hole through center
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Note: The 14 inch launcher may be h
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3. Place bolt through hole in end c
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150 25 40 0 300 50 40 1 700 150 40
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2. Remove the acid from heat and al
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4. Push the taped matches into the
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2. Cut 2 slots on opposite sides of
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8. Punch many closely spaced small
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5.4.3 Soap-Alcohol System 5.4.4 Egg
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Caution: Lye solution can burn skin
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Note: Do not get the yellow egg yol
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natural waxes which have suspended
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4. Form a tube from cardboard just
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After a time delay, the acid will e
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4. Add 12 tablespoons of shellac to
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1. Separate a handful of steel wool
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5.8 Improvised Yellow Flare A yello
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6. Mix ingredients thoroughly by fo
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12. Knot one end of the fuse and pl
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1. Measure 3 level tablespoons of p
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8. Remove lid from quart jar and ad
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5. Place the fused white flare mix
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6. Place all ingredients on the win
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10. Just before use as a black smok
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5. Fill the tube with black powder
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4. Fold matches over fuse and tape.
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Cigarette Paper match String (shoel
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Procedure 1. If watch has a sweep o
Page 211 and 212: 3. Enlarge the hole in the plug exc
Page 213 and 214: . Measure the time it takes for the
Page 215 and 216: 6.7 Fuse Cords These fuse cords are
Page 217 and 218: Materials Required Spring type clot
Page 219 and 220: 6.9 Time Delay Grenade This delay m
Page 221 and 222: 3. Secure the wire in place across
Page 223 and 224: 3. Remove safety pin pull ring and
Page 225 and 226: Note: If time delay is used for Imp
Page 227 and 228: Caution: Use extreme care—sudden
Page 229 and 230: 9. Place safety fuse in delay fuse
Page 231 and 232: 4. Load the primary explosive in th
Page 233 and 234: Note: Tamping is not needed when TA
Page 235 and 236: 2. Wind one scraped wire tightly on
Page 237 and 238: 2. Retract the striker of the mouse
Page 239 and 240: 2. Strip insulation from the end of
Page 241 and 242: 7.4 Metal Ball Switch This switch w
Page 243 and 244: 4. Place metal ball on block so tha
Page 245 and 246: 3. Strip insulation from the ends o
Page 247 and 248: 1. Separate loops by about 2 inches
Page 249 and 250: 3. Tie a piece of thread around the
Page 251 and 252: 4. Insert safety fuse in hole. Be s
Page 253 and 254: 7.11 Automobile Generator Power Sou
Page 255 and 256: 2. Place one foot on the generator
Page 257 and 258: How to Use 1. Just prior to use (no
Page 259 and 260: Ammonium chloride (sal ammoniac) (s
Page 261: made by hooking the wire through ho
Page 265 and 266: A2.4 RDX TM 9-1900, Ammunition, Gen
Page 267 and 268: A2.10 Blasting Gelatin Description
Page 269 and 270: Improvised Munitions Handbook (Impr
Page 271 and 272: 089 non-electrical nonelectrical 09
Page 273: that makes it illegal in certain ci
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