literature review

G I lAPTiirt j

Cbapter-3
LITERATURE REVIEW
Sw.ral spdropnobm.lric mdlDd. for $e det€rdddon bicsignifiqnt tr@ nelals in
Eter dd othr mafix* 4. t.pon.d into 1h. lite.fitre Mon of thse involvc fic Ds of a
sunabl. o!8!nic ligand bound wirh the d.ral ion of i.t.r6t ed tbq sP.crophoton.tric
d.tminadon. Son€ of th.se inponat publistioN .clcvaht to lhe Present @.k da
$'msi4d herc ir dis Cha!t.r.
HV. Meet et al (l) have rcpon€d ! speci.ophoton.ltic deremination oab€rvlliun as
conplex.s wnh sulfoslicycylde Tie absoQtion nuiftun was ll7 m. Th. proedure wa
d6ig..d to .c@modac thc mge ofo.oolt to 0 23 % berylliun in aluninuh ltlcif€M@ by
fi€ aluni.um. $lfoelicycylar€ @nplq B eliminar€d by @nplsing rh. bllt oaaluninum
vith ,Vrv,jY,{,1dEki}Garboxyndhyl}€thylen€dhnin€. Coppr dd'non, panioldly rhe
latter, dust not be prent in more tbm kac. Mounrs The int.rf.rmces ofilon wB eliminaled
by eMion wnh (2, hh 2- chloroelhyl) eln.r.
Anorhcr n thod has b.en reponed by C. L. Luk d al (2) fo! spccrophoromerric
der€mination of bqrllium as conpl€x wnh ahylenedieind.tE4€tic acid in 2oZ berylliun-
copp€. rlloys Thioglyoli. w$ used to supp.Gs rhe iderf.r€rce of@ppd dd iror Aluoinun
intdfcr€d but, beNe most of rne omd.rcial bsylliunaoppd alloys contain o.ry snrll
anounts of this D€tali it was possible in sne inst.nces 10 ignor. tbe interfelenc. For accurat.
work how.v.r, a no.. sp.cific m.tnod wa r..d.d.
Alb.n e1 al. (3) h.ve .epon€d thc aFctopnotomdric d€tminadon of nick.l a
complex.s witb erny'enediminetetr&c.1ic @id (equ*trcb.) Tte nickel was seldiv.ly
ompl€x.d. Exe$ nickel w6 renoved *i$ din€thylglyoxid. dd the scqu.stered njck.l is
Iib.Et€

A rp.crrophoron tric nertod h4 bM cPollcd bv lo*ph d d. (4) for d€imitaiion of
totd@ Th€ preg.llol vs u.d ! amplding t€!nr' Th. 8.6's law wa obev€d in rmge
upto 10 !g n L dold .broddce it (e = 47t5)
Kuang Lu et al (5) rcPon€d th€ daemin.tio. of copper i' Et€r usng
sodiundiedyldnhiocdbomar. a, conPlexing agd The ablorption sdima Ms no1ed at 540
on and dold absorltivily ws obtained 5490 nol ' cm
tuchdd et al (6) havc r.pofted
complqes with r-niroso-2- ..Phthol
spccrrophomclnc deiminaiion of @b* 0r)
solrcnr enBction nethod Dsing chlorofom
SodtoDhotonclnc detmit.tion of bitmulh 6 cohplcr.s with edium
dietliyldilhioabdaL ls reponcd by K L Chcng d.l {?) Th. mdinun aberPtion oflh'
@npl*s in cdbo. Ltnchloridc.t l?0.n.
Aub.ey d al (!) h.vc cPoned sinulrarco$ spetoPhotm.lric deEminarion ofirc' ([)
and rotut ircn s @mplq6 with I, lcph.B.throlin. bv elv.ft.turction met'@d The irc([)
6mpls 's . r€ddish o.dgc wirh tbeQtion mditun at 5 12 nt4 while irc'(Dl) omPlq B
a
*ith ab$Ation n4inun .r 196 nn. an Inirnr8 @ncdrranon for interfde@ 6v 22
'€llow
@tbs dd 14 dions wd d$ r.Poned
Fadhil el tr (9) !.!oncd . sh.ft. for th. €pd.rion and detdtion of nmganese
rchnaiun, thenium, tutn niun and holrbd.num on lh. uht. nicroscale A nunbr or
connnatory Esrs for th6e el.n.nts on this sc.l. have ba.n invesdgar'd ud the '€$lts *ere
tirsi er al. (lO) .epoft.l th. systemic studv of lh. extractron of l2 metals wid elutions
of (s-hydroxyqui.olin€) in chlorofoft. The ctulction connd of rclal onoa6 ed sLlilnv
anstdis ofmet l compl.x.s hav. c.lol.t.d
57

Spcclrophotoneter detminalioa of abninun 6 complcx.3 wilh 5{ulfo4'
diernyldi.o-2-dihydrcryuob€Eete i. thc Pt*n@ of beivlliun ws ..Poned bv T' M
Ilorcn@ et d (n). Ar pE 4.? the re€cfl fom.d bdeh pink in . ralion I : I ligdd to aluninun
h6 ! nold $!.rptivity (€ = a I' lo') ar 540 nm Molt i dfdi.g ftclds @ b. nasked with
EDTA or fedocymide, sltilc gEs anou s of iopuritie mv be c6ov.d bv a 6pid trii$oclyldi..
extdctio. ton 8 M hydtochlo.ic eid.
T. Kba ct .1. (12) have .€pott€d the s@sation of i€chriium lion rh.nium bv liquid _
liqui.l erLaclion wlh pobrsiun xanthale. Thc m.thod depnbed a siftPl. ud npid ne$od for
quaftit !v. Fpdtion of ichn€riun fton .h.niun fd oth€r .l.m.nts bv extdclo' wilh
xmthare ard Epon.d $c fado6 aff€ring rhe .Kdct'on
C rohbndt .1 al. (13) have rcponed rhc ap€.trophotom€tdc dd.miiadon ol xdnate in
elutio.s lt wB bas.d on rhe fomaiion .nd en6crion merhod of coPP€(D enlh3te The
coefiicienl of vdiation it I O% al 40 ppm l.vel and 3 4 % at 4 ppm l€vcl and the losd lini of

D.tmi.alion oft_e cl.m.ntt (Cr, r, F., Ma Co) in iDnd nilk bv aromic $so.ption
sp*romdry, ndhn a.tivarion f.ly!i5 ud ooEr n tho& b rcponed bv Robefi M 6 al. (16).
A conD{ien bd*d th. daily int }6 of bebi6 .nd th. Motlv a4cept d Rame'dcd
Di.u'y Atlowde (RDA) w shoM giving rh.h th. alpsa@ of belrd tutritio"l qulirv
Khatee6thullan .t d (rD .€pon.d rh. impondc. of zitc and ciromiufr in SroDnd war"
aeailable in tbe wells ofPannal bv rlonic aberption sp€drcnetry' ln dnnking v4!'c nac'
mdal zinc vri€d fton O 02 to O 2 ppt\ while ioxic chronium obtai.ed froh 0 29 to r 65 pPn
Yusuf er al. (18) have reported lhe el€ncnk i. hufta. healtb and .uiririon bv.tomic
absorpiion spefio.elry Nomal requhement of lh. .s*ntial a.d ftce selals (Cr, Fe, Co Cu,
Ni, Mo, fld Zn) has n€ntioned.
Usiog a mielld media i.c.
r.Pon€d th. ddmina,lion of t.c
lpehphoromefy. The nethod is
tp.crophorometic detmin.tion
su.Acbq ediun dodcyl slphate gmif ei al (r9)
s dirhi2on. @mtlcx by flow inj6tio. an lysh wnh
rcpor|d to havc rvml ad@lags ov.r the noml
(nuhawe et ,r 00) h.v. r.pon.d rh. sg.crrcphoron.tric detedinarion 6f copp.t(tr)
sd nickel(Il) 6 coftplex.s vnh tetad€ntar€ schiffbs. by solv€ eatradion ndhod
Hdif et al (2r) r€poned rhe niccllar ud mioro€nuhiot systems as singl+Phde
extractiod nedia aor lhe detemiiatioi of zinc. Th. surfadant SDS md cosurfaclanl ethdol wa
SD€lrcDhotonet.ic dd.min{io. of sir dithioctbdate @dplex6 at lrg ld.l by
co.vding tb.n in to s.leriln dithiocarblm.t. compl.rcs md $lvdt qtradioi n.ihod it
E9od.d by Ashok er al (22)
Anw& , .t al. (23) cponcd th. dcicmimtion of zitc by tlohjc aberyioi Ad.ospy
$ing mix.d slmt rst€h.
59

L S Esrve er al. (24) have rcponed th. fonnatio. rares dd proronaiion cof,stdrs of uo
dy.s in micelld m€dia of sodiun dod*yl sulphal.
Hdns d al (2t h!v. Eported rnc ion s.padtion of odium otr) 4d pall.diun (tr)
wnh anionic surfEta s Thc spmrion ofPlati.un naals basad on dilferences in tb. kinetic
propenies of the chloro-complcxes of lbodiud (Iu) dd palladium (1I) md platinun (lv)
M L.rdo €t rt (25) haE.€ron€d lhe specEopnobmefic dctmjndion ofoPper (tr)
reeting wnn \ N dindhyl-p-ph.nyl.h.diahii. (DPD) od N, N'dinethylanilin. (DA) usine
so lv.nt .*raclion mclhod.
Spcrophorom.tric d.tmi.arion of NiiD md zi(ll)
hydroxylph€nylF2-ner@ptopope.oic acid in aquos 0.1 a.d
solutions was reponed by I L. Belt@etal (2?)
Pala.ivelu d al (2t) h.v€ repoaed
$ Aslt Extdion w6 ffi.d our usi.g
nm The ndhod v6 succ*stully appli.d
l0
rh. speclrophotodcuic dctemination of aBcnic (ltr)
b.M.n. dd .berpnon mdinun wa noted at 515
to pl. maierial niSh p6ry of i.on. alloys od in
Khuhawdet,l (29) have rcpone4 dc fomation and HPLC s.pmtion ofcopptr([) ed
nicLel(U) a @mpl.x* wirh (acetyl piv.lyl nerhd.) erhylc.cdiini.e Copper(U). nickel(trI
palladilm(U) dd oxola..dium(rq chdaB on lltled pbas.liPLC colum (250 x 4 mm) and
elur.d with a binaw mi*uE of netnanol and watcr or netba.ol, &.tonitril€ and var€r.
M Fal@n et al (30) cponed th. sp*torodnorim.dc dd.minaion oi ,ncor) 6
@iplcrca vith 3-{p{obcnc$lphon hido) qlinoline Thc d.t.minorion mg. w$ 8 - 550 ng
M&ia et al. (31) h!v. lepoded tb. spctrophorosct ic ddcmination of molybdenun
(vI) in nicell{ media of h€nd*yl pyridinium chbnde Tnc Bcis l.w s obcycd in the

&se of 2 - l5O ng n rwith . del.c6on linit of l 3 ng r''. The mcthod M applied on $il
M. P. sM.1al (32) hav. rcporr.d rh. sp.crrophoton.rric d€t@inadon ofcopp'(tr)
.ickel(u) ed cob.lr(tr) !s @rplcx6 with eduo dierhyldithi@dbadat in nicell& nedit of
h.xdeykinernyl mnonjun s.lts (CTA3, CrAC, CTAoH). The mole absorlrivities of
Co(tr), Ni{II) ed Cu(U) {cre 6o&d 22.5 x 103,32.7 i loj and 12.? x lol mof'cnr:'
rcspecrively, wnh detecdon limits 6.2, rt.9 dd.lo 6 ng nlrresp€drY.ry
Edtu.odo d al (43) rcpon.d lnc pr@@nrtEtioo and el*tive 6etal ioi detcrunadon
orNi(ID, Cu(lll Co0l), Mn(Il) .nd zn(ll) 6 @mplex€s with PAN usins Trnon X-100 as a
I

M. !, El-sh.lEt .t al. (3r) have cponed, tl. spcct ophotonetric detelmination of silver
ed gold 6 @mpl.x6 with 5-(2,4nihydMy bazylidene) rhoddine in hic.lld media of cetyl
dm.htrl mnonium bromid. The hole aberptivitia we mLd of 7 I I x l0' ad 8 45 x l0'
nol r cnr at 54? &d 553 nh for Ag ud Au resp.ctiv.ly. I€ Beeis law w ob.ycd i. in
lmge of O ll - I 8l |l8 @ r of Ag 6d O ol - 2 24 ug cmi of gold wirh O.O0l5 dd 0.OO2l pg
Tohru et 6.1. (40) har reponed the q.rracrion of bydropnilic pror.ins by rhc u* of
surfacta.t-nedialed phase s.psado. (cloud poi oaracrioi) wnh afrnity lieands
Cadnium $ @nplex of z-pyridine diDo.nino@b.%.€ in fi. prcsmcc of Tnlo. X-
I00.sa niell& ncdi4 is dd.mincd aod r€poned by yu-oi dat.(4r) Tt hol& absorptivity
B I 92 t lo'nol_t cm ' at 530 m Th. m.rhod ws appti.d ro rap Bdq dd also wasrMt r
HlLc der@in.,tion of mal.rhion b.*d on @ppe{lD 6 ohptdes wirh
dimahyldithiophosphat. @DI?) by Knuhav&.r d (,12). Tbecatibndontug€of24-240!g
ml I for DDTP ed wnh derccdon tinir of 2.4 - 4.8 ng DDTP p.r i.jecrion
B.tiil et !t. (43) have lepo,l€d the sp{rophotomelnc
conplexes of melhylene blue in miceur nedia of CTAB Lin@
r.por.err to be 0.6 -
6 4 micro nold / L.
detdhidarioi oa Se(tv) s
Mge of detetuinarion was
Khuhawr d at (44) hav. rcpon.d rhe lorDarion and ch.oma.ogaphic dq.ftinarion of
copp.4l) pallidilhG) dd bismurh(rtr) B compt*€s ofdinelhytdirhiophosphatc (DDI") rn.
indirftt HPLC wirh licrosorb Si, *ith derdion ar ]25 nm Tte tiD€r @g. i! 2a _ r 20 uc / 2 nl
wah dd.clion limit of2 3 Ag/2 mt.
Spdrcphoonctric dermin.rion oa coppd(U) 6 onpl.x6 wilh polr{a ytein.-Co-
(8-dinoqu'nolyltzo) bdytidqe altyreincl (?A_F pe) by llui_Mjn M. .t al. (rsl
C( )-PA-FPQ is warr etubtc breM condd haviry absrpdon ndimuh r. 590 m
62

Thc 6olar absrytivily M 4.I x 10{ nol_'cf,'dd B*as law w6 obeyed ove! rlt rang.0 -I 0
ug ml '
Tn€ ddhod B appli.d 10 aluminun alloy md bovine liver
Kiwon e! d. (rO have .@on.d ipdrepnotoncrnc d.tmination of idn(Itr) a
@nplex.t with 2-pFidine @laldhydctnitGptridyl hyd@n. in fie niceUd mdia of
n xrdecyltrincthyl Moniun bronid. Spdloofluorin4.ic .mission ar 420 nm upon
dchation ai 300nn. Th. Be.is hw was in the range 0.2 , 145 ltg hr', with d.tdriod li6ir
o 028 pe6l-'.
S. Crda d.l (,47) h.v. r.poncd the nic.lld liquid chromarognphic d.tmin.rion of
diretie by diuodzrion and @upling with rh€ Bdlton-Mshall @gcm Th. nicelar nobite
phas6 of sdiuh dod.cyl sulphate (SDS) dd prcpeol .t ptr I s ,eponed for rhe
deteminatioh, in uline sanpl.s, of rhidide in urioe after prccolumn dcrivatiation {ith sodiun
ind&and N-(l-naphthyl) .thyle.cdianioc to fom colour€d m dycs ofthe diur.rics Deredion
Kbuhavd.t a] (48) rcpon.d lhc st.th€sb md lh€.nodtrriat srudi6 of soh€ SchiF
bae ploynets denved fton 5, 5 nedytcoe bis{2+ydroxy &ero pboone) l, 2-elhytenediaoine
(?EAen) Each polyner is cheacreriz.d by clem.ntat miqodatysis, inftared and uttlavioter
spdroscopy. TlEir th€nosr.vidqry (TG) ad ditfreiriat lhmar an.tysL (DTA) hav. bccn
@rded dd elded. Th. reduc€d vi$osny of rhe polymds na$.€d in taEnydrctum
(THF), dimelhyl formanide (DN!F) &d dinchyt sulphoxjde (DMSO) w6 found within o 202 _
0 50 d|l g.
Innadlada er at. (a9) Epon.d thc fo.nurion of dy. induccd
aggregr.s non bir&y srfadet is p.oFsrd for fie detem,narbn
dtunium sraactl t5 .t rtc s nol t.El.
Reenr applicarions of high psfo@nce liquid chJonabgFphy !o lh. dalysis of h.t,l
conprcxcs, sy.thcsis. @c1io.s e r.poncd by p w&g et .l (50). chectdiadon
complebtior ard r.rdrion of th6. @npouds 6 cloncd ia rhe ln@rue sinqe t 994
6i

Kluhaws et d. (51) have rcponed iba ckomatog.phic det mimno! ofbisn h(m),
copps(tr) ud palladiun(Io using dim.tbyl dithiophosphonc acid as conpl€xing reagenr i.
re6. phas.. YMC ODC .lured vnh i dtue of ac.tonit ilc manmol qta (70: 20: l0
v!/v) 9ih a noy 6rc 0.6 r /nio rnd d€rddon.t 295 m. Lind c.libadon B. obtain€d
wnn 2s - 125 Ag aliqnotof@h n.tal vnn d.t.crion lini$ of0.4 08ng/i.j€clio.
Mabd.t.l (s2) nave i.po'ted rhc HPLC der.minarion of cadniun, non, Iqd and
mddryuring 2-@tylplridiie-4-phenyll-rhiosdicd!&on (APPT) ddivarizing€.nr Using
p.€collm dfivadzadoq dtrs. pha. HW6il ODS colunn (r !n). The conplex* w€re
.lured wnh nerha.ol,ac€tonirrilc.vard cont.inin8 sodiud ac.tare bd tcrraburyl lnmonilm
bronide as io. pairing ag€nts (3o:40:28 lrytr/rlrJ.
Imaculada €t sl (s3) hrrc rcponed thc mix.d nicelte bded lo lh. deleminarion ofCD,
Cr alkyl sulphate surfaclels
xircng d d (sr) hare r.poned rhe spefopnolooctric der.mjnarion of Sb(u) / Sb(9
a cohplexes witb bbnoprrogdlol red in sdium dodccytslphatc / nonytphenorypot
cthoxyerh.nol mixed dicell..nedia Beer's law ws obey.d orerthe,mgeO I - 21!gml-r, Sb
(IrD with nol! abso.pivjry d s38 m b.ine 4s x tornol'cm.rand d.rdion linitO04 ug
qussain .r al. (s5) have leron€d rne spedrcsopic d€thi.arion ofco( ), cuor) md
Ni(n) a compl.x.s of hydruin. ddivcd Schill b.se tigand3 mix.d tigand hyd@ine d..ived
$hiffbe ligan& dd fi€n md.l@nddes w.r. syntheiad, Md ch@ddiz.

Ch.n-ll er al. (5?) h.v€ ..pon.d th. spcctoPhoromaric d.t€mn4don ot @bat a
@npl6* wrh 2-hydrcxy b.@tdchyde-5-Dm pvndvl hvdMne A epDhon proc€dur'
usidg sno'l colunn fill.d *irh Ambdlite IRC 718, in nicellar nedia lte detectioi lirut *as
Spdropholom.tric ddmination of molybdenun 6 @f,plex hronopvrcgillol €d
@rR) in lhe @cdld mcdia of €tyhrimedyl amnoniun bronid. (CTAB) dd or
nonylphqoxypolycrhory erhmol {oP) rcpdtcd by xi@rg .1 al. (s8). TlE Bars law M
obeyed in the range ofo 06 - o 8 pg witb molf lberptivity I I x 105 mol' chi and detecrion
Aljali cr al (59) hav. tcponcd the sp.dophotomedc daeminaiion of gold tkooen $c
lodation oapink sold elution in poly (oxy.thel6c) ieodyhnenyl .rhd krown as Trilon x-
100. which .ds both $ a r.dlcing .8cnt .nd sbbiliz.r An .be+tion maximun ar 5?3 m,
Bels la* w6 obey.d i. rhc rdge ofo - r5O ppm. Sddell s s.nsirrlity vs found a1 6 44 . I Oj
Specl.ophotohetric dethin.tion ofan aiionic surfacranr wirh liquid-liquid .xmction is
r.pond by Minon d al (601 Th. $diuo dod@ylsulph.r. (SDS) and Modani.c 6c w6
absoded ono lhe wdl of . PTFE ve$el by shaking. Tne mol6 absoqrivity for SDS ws 8 5 x
AM Cdcia a al. (61) havc rcpon.d th€ sp..trcphobndnc ddcmindion of iron,
cobalt, nick.l rnd copper sinultaneously as complexes wirh l, 5 bi(di,2-prridyl methylen.)
thi.ca6o.ohyd@ide (DPII{) wirh oulliv&i4€ c.libration.
,uai ei al (62) hav. .cponcd th. det.min.tion oaz(19 6 @npl*6 with $. oxrlate
Alidir Red S-z.(rv) The cdionic s$facldr cerylptridiniun chloride dd spErro8uonheric
delmination % cdi.d out

Roisli er dl (63) b'v. r.poned th. sp€ctophotonelrv detdminstioo ol nick€l as
@drlq6 viih l{2-ptridyleF2-ialthplbol (rA}0 bv p{vcloddtdn polvno (cDP)
adso6.

IBhad .t d. (69) h.w rcponed rhe spdtophotnEtnc d.tcmindion oftw @npldd of
I, i-diph€nyl py@ole-4"cebox.ld.hyde2-chlorob€Myl hydr@e wilh Ie (trD, Co (Ir), N
@) cu (!), zn (II) cd (tr), rig (ID, sn (II), Bi otr) &d !b (tr). Iob\ n thod stlbility @nste!
IR dd sroichioh.rry ofrh. conplqB hwe b6n nudiad
c.u. H. .l al. i?o) repon.d th. AAs derd$jn.tion olcoppd, nick.l and cadniuh with
zinc pip.rein€dilhio@rbanat€ loaded on acdvlted cdbon by $lid-pn6e .xlracrion Tbe rang€
oflinciry o -6, o - 5, o - I ug nn r wnn dde.rion linib 15.7.21.5. I1.8 ng nl-'Bpcaivcly
Nohut .t rl. (71) h.ve r.porr.d rn sperophorom€tric d€rmiiaiion of copp€rc) $
conplexes wnh Ss,bis (2.aninophenyl) o$hte (H2L) fte absibao@ or the cu@FH2L
Complexes maur€d d 504 on'. with mol& absorptivily (e = 5365) IE BF s l.w wa obcyed
inrh€ranSeof 0.4 - l50pgnl'
Afseh er al. (?2) hare r.poned rhc spe.rrcnuo.iEelric dereminarion of s.hnium (19
by ilow injeciion Mlysis in dicell& m€dia ofSDS / Tnton X-100/ CTAB wirh reduclion of
reetulln llc lin.d ane. ws obr.in.d in rh. ras. of5 - rOOO rg r '
wirh d€lc.rion limit tng
speciropholmerric der€mi.ation of ircn0D @baltol), niclct(tD aid copp'oI) ii
mi€llr m.dia oaTw 30 6 @hpl*4 wnh l-rirrcs2-@plhot ..pon.d by rin!@k a at
(73) Th. dere.rion riftits ofFe (rrD, co([), Ni([) dd cuG) we 0024, o 016, 0.039 dd
0 021 lgnl ', rsp.sjvcly
R Codony er al (7r) hwe rcponed th. spetrophoroocric delmination orzn(U) in
flicell& media ofBriil5 a @npldca with t, ? dicholorG2@rhyl l-quinotinol.
Mustda et al (?a) have repon d d. spGrrcphotondic d.r@in.ior of s.@iuo (m)
in nicells m.dia of cer/ pyndiniun chlo.idc (cro B complex€s with chrcne @rol s The
ndd.bepriviri.s of rh. complcx.s in pI] 7.5 d 505 m @ 3.6 x lO' md I 4 x t Or nol r
67

i for wlter nedi! atd (Crc) espectlvelv Th. B4 s law ws ob'v'd in tne tuse 0 05 - 2ms
Chdles e! al (76) h.v. rcpoded rh. daesination or $'f'crut @ntraton G'ng
nicelld dhanced fluoBeie dd aow injcction with l 8-silino-naPhthalcn' $lPhare
Itda d al. (7) have rcpod€d rh. bdcn wis and FIA dd€mitatrm of €tionic and
nonionic $r&@ins Cuol)-chton1@rol s'$rf.c1dr odplqq The line& tug' for barch
deleminadon ofcetvltrimclhvl amnonium b.onid. and tonio'ic $rfacrmt Mrloph'n N P l0
is O - 15 Fs nfr ad 13 - 51 Fsnl' For llA d.tmioalion oflhc same sutfacldts th' linear
@nc.nration rulg6 w.t. O - l l lrg tr ' and 66 _ 397 pg ml r r.spetivelv wil delccion linns
o - 08 dd 38 ,rg n ' rdPectiEly.
M. Q Ehen el al (?3) have.epon.d thc pr.pa6io. and chdactdiztion of prridoxide
codplcx.s of MiG), c(ll), N(II), cu(!), ind Zn(tr). The @npl.x$ wer€ svnthcsized and
chd&r.riz.d by eled€ni.l s.lvsb dat od d.lyzing the IR ed uV sPelF
'
F Zern .t al (79) r.poded rh€ da.minatio. of *hnium(\0 Tn€ *lenium
conplcx.d wirh ammonium pyrollidine dithiocdbldate (ArDq d PH 1 2 md Anbcllit'
xAD-8 r.siN lor fie cdrichn.nt dd detmin.d GFAAS.
sodftDhob@roc dethinauon of cobdt(tr)'tcr.|(u). P.ll.dium(ll), @pp'(q,
h.niumin), dd nolybd.numG) as comPl.xes with iso.nvl xa har€ in Pascnc' of
surfad.nrs is reood.d bv A. K. Malik.t al (80) sodium laurrl sulphate (sls), 'tnlon x-100
dd c.lyltrinelnyl nnooiun brcnide (CTAB) wete ued s srfacldts The BQrs law
obcy.d in nnge for co(ll), N(tr). cu0), Pd(lI), R!(Itr) and Mo(m w I o -i5 2 0 - 17' 2 2 '
lO-3o-18. I 5-7? dd l5 - 3 o penlr6pFtivitv The noLr absoAivitv is I92 ' lo' 12'
roi.26 x lor. O9J x lO1, Li8 x lor md I ll x lor nol ' cn L qp€ctivelv Tb. absorpuot
ndim& Sddellt snsitivity m als discusr.d Th€ sinultaDou! det@inadon of@balt dd
nick.l w4 don . The mcthod w6 appli.d on th. rin.' flv a5\ oil ed allov splcs
68

Jmaluddin a .1. h!re rertly (8D EPoned . lp.drophoroset ic detd6ination of
@ppa(tr) 6 @npld6 *ith 2, s{im.rcaptdl, l,4-lnildidole (DMTD) in sliglilv a€idi€
tquc@ $lutior The m€thd ob"ys Bd s ltw in th. nrg. 0 r - 2 0 mg/ol *ith a'be.ptioa
mnmun 390 NL nold ab$Alivily 5.65 , lO ' mof ' cm ',
Sudell s $Nuvitv m foMd
lO na cnr The nerhod M .lplied o. $c Slandrd R.fc@e Materials d w€I d on $@
ind$rrial @ples, envilome.tzl w.!d sadPl.s, biologi@l dd $il mpl6.
Raia Bhushu et al (82) 'eponed 1h. spcdrcphotomet'ic der.mination of cobalt ([l) bv
$cond derivativ€ spectoscopy as @npl.x., witb 2, 2_Diprtidyl 2-be@thidolhvd!&one
(DPBH) ligand having d abrotplio. naxidun at 530 nn in woaldv acidic to alkaline media
The cohplex was e*ractable inlo chlorofod, b.Den. dd 4'nerhvlpe a-2 one Chlorofom
enract hs an absorDtiod ndinuh a1 504 tn iD th. pH rangc 2 0 - 9 l The nolar ab$Ativitl.s
dd sef,sitivities in tbe propo*d p@edute with out dd with .xtraction de 2 50 i l0- eol cn
2 35 ng cn: a.d 3 43 ' roa nol-rcnr, I 72 ' lor mof'cm' resp@tively Both methods w.r.
*l.ctivc fo. 6balt none of o(hq iotu i c.fcEd ii thc @ball d.tminarion The dethod h4
hdn rppli.d turthe ddmjnarion of @b.lt in tr.rddd i.o. &d st6l @ples
So..rmDhorondric de!.mi.ation of db.lt([) bv d.nwaive sP{fophotondry 6
conDlex.s eilh 2-plridyl_:r_$lphoph€nyl mcthlnoD. 2- (5-Nnre) pFdvl hvdEore (PSPI!
rcpon.d by Tsugikatus d il (83). Th. compl.x ws dpidlv ondized abov€ prl 2 ttd gav'
stable cobalt OII) onplex wilh abrorption maximum at 496 nd fi€ B*is law wd obeved in
the range of o 05 -l.0 lr8 ml rcn ra.d mold absorPivitv of the compl€x Ms 5.69 x lohol
lcm L Th.methodwsaDpliedtothedelcmin.tionof cobalt in$eel samples
Ranm a sl (s4) halc r.poned ih. spcctopholom.inc det€nnination of oercury (lI) in
carionic nicelld media of CTAB bv d.riv.tiv. rt c.tosoPv a conplexes wilh l_(_2_
prridyluo)-2-uphihol CAI). I1t Fnsitivny and sl.civnv of nelhod *a imProved duc lo
micelle ud dqi€rive spe1rospy Th. n.rhod w.s lpPli.d to m.r@ry @nlaining Pesricid's
tLr Bhrjm d al. (st h,v. E?on.d th. slcclbpnoton tic det mindion of m@.v (U)
d conptdes vih dirnizone in niccllr m.dir ofT.iron X-IOO bv ddizlit spccircspv Th.

mle absrptjv,ty dd sddcll's slisitivitv of O. @nPl'x at lbeflion tuinun 490 m w{'
fond 3 868 i lo+ hol 5 2 ng 'crred chr'
Bdesh et.l. (s6) hav€ cpoR.d ih. sp.drcpnotondic da@ination of@Dp6(tr) in
micelle n€dia of T.iton X'roo s @mPl.xes with dhhizo" (diph€nv ihlocdt@one) th'
Beef s law *d ob€yed in lh€ rang. ol I O x 106 - 9 0 x lO+ mol/L of Cu1 lirh detdlion lmn
12 ns/ml The dold aberprion @.mci.n! sp.cific .bsoodvnv and Sodell s sdsnMtv of the
complex sde 3 06 x lor Eol1 chr 0 4825 dl gr cd' and 2 l " lor Jlg cnr resp€ctivelv The
(ondnbnrl rdbrl.ry 6nsdl of the I 2 coFplex was founo l ?l lo 'l molr' ar ptl l 4
Derilalive mode h.v€ been cmie

tbe simultanmus det.minalion ofzirconiun and cl[oiiun Thc nctlod has ben scc'stullv
aDrlied ro ln€ demimtio. of somc rcal emples of znco.ium / chrcmium brode
Ndnder el al. (90) r.Don.d specibpholodciric detmin.tion of coppe(tr) 6Ft dd
se@nd derivarive speciosaPy s @mplcxca Pith r'(2'Pvtidvte!2 naphrhol (rAN) The
nolu absorption coefficient ard Slndell's sennivilv ofPAN-Cu (U) @mplqes at 555 m is
5 2. \ '0" mol 'cmr and I 22 ng cmi r.sp.ctidv Th. ddcdion hnr oicdu' r 4 o ng nJ
Md Bee' s ,* q!' obey.d ih the tug. ofo.os _ aoo lrgmlr Copp.r @nr.nt ofr number of
@m€rcially aEilable al@holic b.v@g6, biologicaland $eddd allov sampl6 was repoded
Sp.chphoiometnc dd.rminsrion ofbcrylliun s comPl.xes vith 1, 4 dihvdrorv-9 lG
d u()s.done in mrells m.dia ofTnton X'loO thtougn the denv.riv' spdrophorcmerP n
reDorle{tbyHrlnsjanetat(tr)TheBqtlawwsob.v.dinraD8.of3.60-360nsm'the
mold aleo'ivirv ud Srd.ll'i s.Niliviry w.E I 6s IOa molr cmr and o 54 ng cm: Grh
deredion linir o 2l ng ml l
A ndhod hd ber d.vcloDcd bY M. 1.6 d at (92) dcrmitation of non ad
'or
rurhdiun by en tdiv. sent dcriEtive sp.ctophotometry s @npld's vith 4 T dipn'nvl I
I O oh@thrcline in rh. presnc. of.rhyl.n.glv@L Tn * conPl.x6 hw€ ben fomed al pII 4 0
- 6 o npon hainA 4 9dC fo.60 min Rlthdirm and iron w* dd€min'd in lhe atg6 6 - 9 6
dd 16 - i 2so ng Bl retpe.riv.ly h lhe pr.eoc. ofo.G doth.r' ft' ddeion [mns w food
io be 2.9 .g /ml of rulncniun a.d 4.9 .g /d of non Th. m.rhod was applied to fi'
demination of bolh s.lytes in syntbalic m'nuE
cobali ws d.t.min.d spcrroPhomerncauv bv Ht Bhajan 't al (93) wirh l-tnrosez_
naphlhol ws used .s .onpl.xinS lg.nt in nic.lld r.di' of Tnro' X 100 ?hobmefic
Ddan t€s viz. rhd! nold absarion @.ffic.nt &d daltlical s'dilivitv ofrhe conpld's
wde420 m. I 18 x 101nof' cn' 6d 2.Ot ng ml-' csp.ctiv€lv Th.Ber'3 lawwa obeved in
lh.6ge ofo2o ro lo,rghl' .! pH 18, wtn d.t.d'on limn lb3 ng nn A sdd'E
dd.mination of cobdlt in pr.s.nce of copp.(lD or ircn(Itr) usins dri€liv€ sp€c1rcscopv
7l

*nhout dy masking or Pes.P@tion Th. derhod t6 to thc ddminaion of @bat in
'Pplied
dtugs ud s!.ndard alloys
Sinultan@lt de&mi.ation of n.nedc&@) and zincol) in mixture usins firn ed
sdnd d.rivativ. spectrcPhorom.trv is i@od.d bv bv Has €t al (9') dd 5 8 dihv&oxv l 4
naphrhoquinonc ws used d complding agcll Thc lind rdge wG O 2s - 5 6 !g ml t o'
Badsanese in lhe presn@ of o 13 -6 s mg ml'r ofzirc The delection linns were 42 ng ml ' lor
Ivln and 48 ng ml I for Zn using fte i6r d.dvativ. netbod dd 12 ng ml'' for Mn dd 36 ne 6l I
for zn usi.g th. fond d€riv.tiv. nethod
J,l
As shoM in in h.ranr€, th€ dcLmiturio. of netal ions bv onplcxarion and
so.crcDhorom.tnc s.lys's oncn inlolve l€dious ed mc4o'$n'ng elv'nt e{rrcrion nep
Th€se organic solvents besides bei68 toxic ar. also exPensiv' Sdrfadants - $' lurface'acl've
rdgen$. howevcr ofds a vcry conv.ni€nt repl.*ment ol ih.se solvedts 6 Eported bv sevqal
ruthou Surfatuts @ .or onlv non'bnc bu rl$ iNxPensivc dd involve l's rin' wh'n uscd
in rhe $udy of lhc detmination of mdll ions. The ue of srfacldt3 dhancd th. sdsitivitv
dd el€c1ivi1y ol the syslem by i.d4sine lhe molr absoQtivitv and cnange in ed shin of
vlvelen8th, rhus lowen.g lh. d.tedion lini$ .nd niniftizing inlerf.rence oaolher dalyes
K..pins i. viry th. lir..atur€ ahilabl., the prest @rk wE d6igned io invcst'gate thc
sEchDhorom€rnc dd.min.tion of select.d bio{ie.i6canr i.tals Mn(tr), I

Th* mctho& haw lh. advdtage lhal they can b€ applied fo' derehin'tion of bio-
significad nelals ih pdhologi.al laboarories as well s lsbor.tori.s {hjqh re not well equipped
ritn $phini@tcd ir'strun€ft like Atonic lbsorpto. sP.ctros@pv, EILC dd CC
A li$ oflhe orgmic lignds s @npl.xing agdts, $rfactdls sd m€tal ioN used ii the
p..sem work is shom below in fte Table 2.1.
s.
I
2
3
5
6
3
9.
T.bl. - 3.1
R.tg.nls (li8rndt, 3urr..tr nrs ard n.td ionr w.d in th. pns.nr3t!dy.
(A.PDC)
(BPR)
s odiu n dodecykul phare (sD s)
Polyory.thyl€nedod€yl.th.r
(B j-35)
Polyoxy.rhyl... e.bi6n
monopalnitare ( Twd 40)
Cctykimdhyldmodiuh
9olyoxyethy lene sorbnan mono-
C.tyl prridiniud chlo.id. (CPC)
Sodium dod6ykulpbaE (sDs)
7l
Z^
Cu
Ni
co, Ni
Cd, Cq C0, H9
Mr, Ni
Zn, Cd, LIE
Mo. e d_. Ni. Mn.
Pd,Ni

Ref.rcoc6
r HV M€ek dd Chdles V Ba./.is,ANl Chen,'lol22,No t2.512(195o)
2. C. L Lute and E. Mary C.i[,bell, AtuI Ctem,vol 24 No E 1056 O9t2}
i. A..Ddbe!,4tu!, ClPn ,Vol 24,No 2,lt309t2)
4 l.l Detnn,,+al. Chen.,vol 25, No. 12, 1803 (1953)
5. I< Lu Che.A .nd R. H Bny, ,let Cr.t , Vol 25, No 4' 655 (1953)
6 R LundqDis! G E. Mtrkl.,6ndD.F.Bo:d, AM Chen,lol 27, No ll,lzl(195t'
7 K.L.Cn ng;R.Il BrtddS.w Mel*.d,,'lEI C,et Vol 27Nol1 24(1955)'
s A E H'fty,Jr J.A sn.n, ddE. s. Anis,,{elcrct vol 2?,No l'2609t5)
9. F f6irl R. f. M.g.e dd C. L wiho[ lal@r4 vol 4 l? (1960)
\a Lzry, AML Chin. A.ra,24, r32 (1961).
ll T M rlor.n€,.-{ror Cren., vol 3?, No 6,?04(1965)
12 T Kiba, K 1.8d4 N ok erdd S Osli, arl@ro, vol 13,ll35 (1966)
r3 C Pohlandt, E. B T C@kodT w S\..L,Talmb,val 16,ll29(1969)
14. H Watambq lirrdq vol.21,295 11914 )
15 MC Garcia atvdez{oqu., R. M. Muru.v.Cdanai M C Mdin.z Vaya G Rmis
Rodos and C, Mong.y l.rnand.z, a4la,,a Vol.,33, No, 8, 697 (1986)
t6 R M P8, E!.tuht it H.akh ard Dis6cr, Publbh.d by, Ildddd Univcrsity PB,
Ediroc, s. M. Src4 M. A. R, Lily Am D'sil!i,, l-2(198?).
l7 S (naFef.lhullab snd s A.Isnail, t&r4 321(198?).
13 Y Anm.4 rri4 10o (1937).
19 M. E. Menon rnd P. t. rtosfol4,4furtt, Vol lr3, 769 (1933)
20 M.Y l

22 A LMalikudA L. r. R&, rdl@rq Vol 37No.12,1205(1990).
23 , Arwu, A. Bokhri. Ktr H E idle ed R. Mohnoo4l C/,er. Jd. Pdl

4l Yu-tui Znu, Cbao_Cun Wang, Iun Ch.n, W liang dd Gu lin, AMltst"/ol r20,2851
09et
42. M. Y. l

61. A.M G Rodrigucz, A G Tor4, J. M C ravon dd C B Oj'dt' Idlant^' 41' 463
0998)
62. L Ayb& M@2, A. M. Gsci. cdpd. Dd F A16Ba@o,TalsIa 41,381(t998)
63. R. zi-.Tao Jian& Lq-Y6 M@ dd Hd'xi Sbfr, ,4zt C/ttt ActL 363'295ll99a)
64. S.Pddey,w E.Acrcsd!t totnq le.at Ta|dnta 11,769

a. RL sllorrdE B. siqn, Ibrrr4 vol. $, No 4 4t o9!9)
65. E B- Sing!, B. K .id RL Sh.rm.,,'rattl Vol. Ua, 853 (198r.
85. E. &,ll B. si.g! od !t x.,rabocell l|d [w-n} rrr, zg (l99l).
E?. M In!. To..L P. Riclr.r &d L Siha &lrdr! vol. .0, No 9, l:lot (1993)
EE. r- Sid od T. S Enl B.tI ltdrd4 vol ar. No. 9, r$? (1990.
89. Z. Gnhrlq z. hr|'sic sndN Kopdveq IdM, Vol 4l,No.l2,2153 0991)
90. N. & Atnftolli v. K Silgr od ItB. SiqL ?rbq, aa,3!10994
91. rI B. Sinst, N. K. ASnihoii rld v. K sin$, r4rrrr4 {?, t2s7 (1998,.
92. r,t lc ra.l P.litra, A &rgrri.Ieir Dd r l|a[|rda, tzk 5q la3 0999).
93. E A. SinSL N. K. Agrinod .!d V. K Sh8!, ?ardra, at 623 099)
94. s,'!.! Sdri.1 r.brg, 51 39 emo).
7t