Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

Chapter 2Production process Feedstock Fuel Net Remark SourceSteam reforming in generalGJ(LHV)/tonne NH 322 – 25 4 – 929.332 – 35[6, German UBA, 2000] andreferences within to [48, EFMA,1995] (updated in 2000)28.8 – 31.5 [1, EFMA, 2000]33.4Before energy optimisation (1350 tonnes/day,commissioned in 1993). After implementation ofimprovement schemes: estimated 29.4 GJ/tonne30.6 After revamp (1100 tonnes/day, commissioned 1971)27.6 – 30.1Depending on local conditions, e.g. cooling watertemperature31.5 IFFCO Aonla Unit 131.0 Tata Fertilizers, Babrala32.7 Nagarjuna Fertilizers[13, Barton and Hunns, 2000][14, Austrian Energy Agency,1998][12, Uhde, 2004][26, Dipankar Das, 1998]Conventional steam reforming 22.1 7.2 – 9.0 [1, EFMA, 2000]Advanced conventional processes 29.2Major characteristics:CO 2 removal with improved solventsIndirect cooling of the ammonia reactorUse of smaller catalyst particlesPreheating of combustion airHydrogen recovery from purge gas of the ammoniareactor[3, European Commission, 1997][7, UK EA, 1999]Reduced primary reforming23.4 5.4 – 7.2 [1, EFMA, 2000]26 6 – 8 [6, German UBA, 2000]50 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers