Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

Chapter 8Existing plantCase 2Revamp optionCase 3Revamp optionSome featuresConventional,crystallisation, naturaldraft prillingCO 2 stripping, vacuumevaporation, prilling withfan, process condensatetreatmentCO 2 stripping, vacuumevaporation, granulation,process condensatetreatmentEnergy consumption in GJ/tonne ureaSteam 4.6 3.1 3.1Electricity 0.9 0.7 0.8Total 5.5 3.8 3.9Table 8.17: Studies on steam and electricity consumption for a revamp project[122, Toyo, 2002]Achieved environmental benefits• particular potential for reduction of steam consumption (see also Table 8.5)• considerable potential for reduction of electrical energy consumption• considerable potential for reduction of cooling water consumption.Cross-media effectsNone believed likely.Operational dataNo specific information provided.ApplicabilityGenerally applicable to existing conventional total recycling plants. Various technologysuppliers claim compatibility of their stripping equipment with various existing systems.EconomicsHigh investment costs are paid back by considerable savings through• increased capacity, assuming that this requires additional CO 2 compression capacity andadditional capacity for product finishing• lower utility requirements• lower maintenance costs• increased onstream factor.Driving force for implementationIncrease production capacity.348 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers