Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

Chapter 11 OVERVIEW TO THE PRODUCTION OF LVIC-AAF1.1 General information1.1.1 OverviewThe fertiliser industry is essentially concerned with the provision of three major plant nutrients– nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium – in plant available forms. Nitrogen is expressed in theelemental form, N, but phosphorus and potash may be expressed either as the oxide (P 2 O 5 , K 2 O)or as the element (P, K). Sulphur is also supplied in large amounts, partly through the sulphatespresent in such products as superphosphate and ammonium sulphate. Secondary nutrients maybe supplied incidentally as a result of the production process and its raw materials. Micronutrients(trace elements) can be incorporated into the major fertilisers or supplied as specialityproducts [27, UNEP, 1998]. Table 1.1 gives an overview of production of ammonia, acids andfertilisers, raw materials and the major environmental issues. HF production is not typicallyassociated with fertiliser production.Raw material Production of Major issuesHydrocarbon feed, water, air NH 3 Air: NO xEnergy consumptionWaste waterNH 3 , CO 2 Urea, UANEnergy consumptionAir: NH 3 , dustWaste water: NH 3 , ureaEnergy exportAir, NH 3 HNO 3Air: N 2 O, NO xSO 2Energy exportH 2 SO 4AirAir: SO 2 , SO 3 /H 2 SO 4 mistPhosphate rock, H 2 SO 4 H 3 PO 4Air: HF, H 2 SiF 6PhosphogypsumWaste waterFluorspar, H 2 SO 4 HFAir: HF, dustAnhydriteWaste waterPhosphate rock, H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 TSP/SSPAir: HF, dustWaste waterNH 3 , HNO 3 ANAir: NH 3 , dustWaste waterAN, CaCO 3 CANAir: NH 3 , dustWaste waterPhosphate rock, SSP/TSPNH 3Air: NHNPK x3 , NO x , HF, HCl, dustH 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , HNO 3Waste waterVarious otherCNTH, NH 3 CN Air: NO x , dustx raw materials and emissions depend on the particular NPK producedTable 1.1: Overview of products, raw materials and the major environmental issuesThis table has been based on the other chapters of this documentLarge Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers 1