Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net
Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net
Table 8.13: Example for a conventional total recycling process ..............................................................337Table 8.14: Example for a total recycling CO 2 stripping process.............................................................339Table 8.15: Example for a total recycling NH 3 stripping process.............................................................341Table 8.16: Examples for revamping conventional plants with stripping technology..............................347Table 8.17: Studies on steam and electricity consumption for a revamp project......................................348Table 8.18: Overview of the treatment of exhaust gases from urea finishing...........................................355Table 8.19: Example of a set of key performance parameters for the production of urea ........................359Table 8.20: BAT levels for the treatment of process water from urea production....................................362Table 9.1: CAN production plants in the European Union as of July 2006..............................................363Table 9.2: AN/CAN production plants in the European Union as of July 2006.......................................364Table 9.3: Energy and cooling water consumption for the production of CAN/AN ................................370Table 9.4: Emissions to air from the production of CAN fertilisers .........................................................372Table 9.5: Waste water emission levels from the AN pressure neutralisation at AMI, Linz....................373Table 9.6: Emissions to water of DSM Geleen and Kemira Rozenburg for the production of AN-basedfertilisers.............................................................................................................................373Table 9.7: Parameters affecting the environmental performance of the neutralisation section ................374Table 9.8: Comparison of expected consumptions for new plants ...........................................................378Table 9.9: Example for a process steam purification and condensate treatment.......................................380Table 9.10: Overview of exhaust gas treatment in the example plants.....................................................383Table 10.1: Overview of superphosphates................................................................................................387Table 10.2: Overview of the European superphosphate plants as of July 2006........................................387Table 10.3: Consumption levels for the production of superphosphates ..................................................390Table 10.4: Comparison of some input requirements of direct and indirect granulation of TSP..............391Table 10.5: Emissions to air from the production of superphosphates .....................................................392Table 10.6: Example for emissions to water from the production of superphosphates with downstreamproduction of NP/NPK.......................................................................................................393Table 10.7: Emission levels to air associated with the application of BAT..............................................398Table 11.1: Timing of the work on the BREF LVIC-AAF.......................................................................399Table 11.2: Some recommendations for future data collection ................................................................400Table 14.1: Cost calculation for retrofitting H 2 SO 4 plants........................................................................418xxivLarge Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers
ScopeSCOPEThis document on Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers(LVIC-AAF) targets the following sections from Annex 1 to the IPPC Directive:4.2 (a) ammonia, hydrogen fluoride4.2 (b) hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, oleum4.3 phosphorus-, nitrogen- or potassium-based fertilisers (simple or compound fertilisers).Although the main use of ammonia, nitric acid, sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid is thedownstream production of fertilisers, the scope of this document is not restricted to productionof fertiliser grade products.For clarification, it is stated that by addressing the items listed above, the scope of thisdocument includes:• the production of synthesis gas for the production of ammonia• the production of sulphuric acid based on SO 2 gases from various processes, e.g. SO 2 gasesfrom non-ferrous metals production or regeneration of spent acids.However, specific and in-depth information on the production of non-ferrous metals can befound in detail in the BREF on Non-ferrous Metals Industries [61, European Commission,2003].The scope of this document does not include the following:• reconcentration or purification of spent sulphuric acids• production of foodgrade phosphates.Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisersxxv
- Page 1 and 2: EUROPEAN COMMISSIONIntegrated Pollu
- Page 3 and 4: Executive SummaryEXECUTIVE SUMMARYT
- Page 5 and 6: Executive SummaryII.Production and
- Page 7 and 8: Executive Summarybed, using a cesiu
- Page 9 and 10: Executive SummaryConversion process
- Page 11 and 12: Executive SummaryBAT is to treat al
- Page 13 and 14: PrefacePREFACE1. Status of this doc
- Page 15 and 16: Preface5. How to understand and use
- Page 17 and 18: 2.2.4.2 Gasification of heavy hydro
- Page 19 and 20: 5.4.2 Hemihydrate process (HH) ....
- Page 21 and 22: 10.4.3 Fluoride recovery and abatem
- Page 23 and 24: Figure 8.1: Overview of the product
- Page 25: Table 4.20: Energy balance of a dou
- Page 30 and 31: Chapter 197 % of nitrogen fertilise
- Page 32 and 33: Chapter 11.1.2.3 High exhaust gas v
- Page 34 and 35: Chapter 1the SSD of NPK does not le
- Page 36 and 37: Chapter 11,8Relative production cap
- Page 38 and 39: Chapter 11.2.3 Supply of steam and
- Page 40 and 41: Chapter 11.3 Overview of emissions
- Page 42 and 43: Chapter 1ApplicabilityGenerally app
- Page 44 and 45: Chapter 11.4.3 Handling excess stea
- Page 46 and 47: Chapter 11.4.5 Optimisation/mainten
- Page 48 and 49: Chapter 1Operational dataNo informa
- Page 50 and 51: Chapter 1ApplicabilityEspecially ap
- Page 52 and 53: Chapter 11.4.9 Environmental manage
- Page 54 and 55: Chapter 1(v) Documentation- establi
- Page 56 and 57: Chapter 1iv. allow for comparison w
- Page 58 and 59: Chapter 1A number of studies show t
- Page 60 and 61: Chapter 11.5 Common BATIn understan
- Page 62 and 63: Chapter 11.5.2 BAT for environmenta
- Page 64 and 65: Chapter 2Location CompanyCapacity F
- Page 66 and 67: Chapter 22.2.2 Output from ammonia
- Page 68 and 69: Chapter 22.2.3.2 Primary reformingT
- Page 70 and 71: Chapter 2Process name Solvent/reage
- Page 72 and 73: Chapter 22.2.4 Partial oxidationThe
- Page 74 and 75: Chapter 2In the moving bed process,
ScopeSCOPEThis document on <strong>Large</strong> <strong>Volume</strong> <strong>Inorganic</strong> <strong>Chemicals</strong> – <strong>Ammonia</strong>, Acids and Fertilisers(LVIC-AAF) targets the following sections from Annex 1 to the IPPC Directive:4.2 (a) ammonia, hydrogen fluoride4.2 (b) hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, oleum4.3 phosphorus-, nitrogen- or potassium-based fertilisers (simple or compound fertilisers).Although the main use of ammonia, nitric acid, sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid is thedownstream production of fertilisers, the scope of this document is not restricted to productionof fertiliser grade products.For clarification, it is stated that by addressing the items listed above, the scope of thisdocument includes:• the production of synthesis gas for the production of ammonia• the production of sulphuric acid based on SO 2 gases from various processes, e.g. SO 2 gasesfrom non-ferrous metals production or regeneration of spent acids.However, specific and in-depth information on the production of non-ferrous metals can befound in detail in the BREF on Non-ferrous Metals Industries [61, European Commission,2003].The scope of this document does not include the following:• reconcentration or purification of spent sulphuric acids• production of foodgrade phosphates.<strong>Large</strong> <strong>Volume</strong> <strong>Inorganic</strong> <strong>Chemicals</strong> – <strong>Ammonia</strong>, Acids and Fertilisersxxv