Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 5Emission of mg/l g/tonne P 2 O 5 Remark Source1300 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/97[29, RIZA, 2000] xPhosphate (P)700 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/971000 Nilefos [33, VITO, 2005]15000 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/97[29, RIZA, 2000] xFluorine (F)31000 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/972000 Nilefos, recuperation of fluosilicic acid [33, VITO, 2005]0.03 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/97, estimated value based on input/output calculation[29, RIZA, 2000] xCadmium0 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/97, all values measured are the detection limit0 – 0.01 Nilefos [33, VITO, 2005]0 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/97, estimated value based on input/output calculation[29, RIZA, 2000] xMercury0.01 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/97
Chapter 5Emission of Unit per tonne P 2 O 5 Remark SourceGypsumPhosphate (P)Fluorine (F)CadmiumMercuryArsenictonneskg4 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/974.7 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/978.1 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/975.8 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/9733 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/9745 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/970.5 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/971.4 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/970.2 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/970.5 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/970.7 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/970 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/97, all values measured are the detection limit53 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/97Heavy metals (1) 27 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/97Rare earthmetals (2)Radium-226Polonium-210Lead-210gmBq(1) Lead, copper, zinc, nickel and chromium2200 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/97360 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/971.4 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/972.3 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/971.4 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/972.3 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/971.4 Kemira, HDH-1 process, 1996/972.1 Hydro Agri, HDH-2 process, 1996/97(3) plants closed because of discharge of the phosphogypsum to sea(2) Mainly lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymiumTable 5.8: Reported emission levels for the disposal of phosphogypsum to water from the production of phosphoric acid[29, RIZA, 2000] (3)Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers 225
Page 1 and 2:
EUROPEAN COMMISSIONIntegrated Pollu
Page 3 and 4:
Executive SummaryEXECUTIVE SUMMARYT
Page 5 and 6:
Executive SummaryII.Production and
Page 7 and 8:
Executive Summarybed, using a cesiu
Page 9 and 10:
Executive SummaryConversion process
Page 11 and 12:
Executive SummaryBAT is to treat al
Page 13 and 14:
PrefacePREFACE1. Status of this doc
Page 15 and 16:
Preface5. How to understand and use
Page 17 and 18:
2.2.4.2 Gasification of heavy hydro
Page 19 and 20:
5.4.2 Hemihydrate process (HH) ....
Page 21 and 22:
10.4.3 Fluoride recovery and abatem
Page 23 and 24:
Figure 8.1: Overview of the product
Page 25 and 26:
Table 4.20: Energy balance of a dou
Page 27:
ScopeSCOPEThis document on Large Vo
Page 30 and 31:
Chapter 197 % of nitrogen fertilise
Page 32 and 33:
Chapter 11.1.2.3 High exhaust gas v
Page 34 and 35:
Chapter 1the SSD of NPK does not le
Page 36 and 37:
Chapter 11,8Relative production cap
Page 38 and 39:
Chapter 11.2.3 Supply of steam and
Page 40 and 41:
Chapter 11.3 Overview of emissions
Page 42 and 43:
Chapter 1ApplicabilityGenerally app
Page 44 and 45:
Chapter 11.4.3 Handling excess stea
Page 46 and 47:
Chapter 11.4.5 Optimisation/mainten
Page 48 and 49:
Chapter 1Operational dataNo informa
Page 50 and 51:
Chapter 1ApplicabilityEspecially ap
Page 52 and 53:
Chapter 11.4.9 Environmental manage
Page 54 and 55:
Chapter 1(v) Documentation- establi
Page 56 and 57:
Chapter 1iv. allow for comparison w
Page 58 and 59:
Chapter 1A number of studies show t
Page 60 and 61:
Chapter 11.5 Common BATIn understan
Page 62 and 63:
Chapter 11.5.2 BAT for environmenta
Page 64 and 65:
Chapter 2Location CompanyCapacity F
Page 66 and 67:
Chapter 22.2.2 Output from ammonia
Page 68 and 69:
Chapter 22.2.3.2 Primary reformingT
Page 70 and 71:
Chapter 2Process name Solvent/reage
Page 72 and 73:
Chapter 22.2.4 Partial oxidationThe
Page 74 and 75:
Chapter 2In the moving bed process,
Page 76 and 77:
Chapter 22.2.6 Storage and transfer
Page 78 and 79:
Chapter 2Production process Feedsto
Page 80 and 81:
Chapter 22.3.2 NO x emissionsTable
Page 82 and 83:
Chapter 22.3.3 Other consumption le
Page 84 and 85:
Chapter 2ParameterProcessEmission l
Page 86 and 87:
Chapter 22.4 Techniques to consider
Page 88 and 89:
Chapter 22.4.2 Processes with reduc
Page 90 and 91:
Chapter 22.4.3 Heat exchange autoth
Page 92 and 93:
Chapter 22.4.4 Revamp: increase cap
Page 94 and 95:
Chapter 22.4.5 Pre-reformingDescrip
Page 96 and 97:
Chapter 2ApplicabilityGenerally app
Page 98 and 99:
Chapter 22.4.7 Advanced process con
Page 100 and 101:
Chapter 22.4.9 Combined Claus unit
Page 102 and 103:
Chapter 2Operational dataSee Descri
Page 104 and 105:
Chapter 22.4.12 Preheating of combu
Page 106 and 107:
Chapter 22.4.14 Isothermal shift co
Page 108 and 109:
Chapter 22.4.16 Stripping and recyc
Page 110 and 111:
Chapter 22.4.18 Use of sulphur resi
Page 112 and 113:
Chapter 22.4.20 Indirect cooling of
Page 114 and 115:
Chapter 22.4.22 Ammonia removal fro
Page 116 and 117:
Chapter 22.4.24 Metal recovery and
Page 118 and 119:
Chapter 2Driving force for implemen
Page 120 and 121:
Chapter 22.5 BAT for ammoniaBAT is
Page 123 and 124:
Chapter 33 NITRIC ACID3.1 General i
Page 125 and 126:
Chapter 3Pressure in bar Temperatur
Page 127 and 128:
Chapter 33.2.5 Tail gas properties
Page 129 and 130:
Chapter 33.3 Current emission and c
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter 3N 2 O emission levelProces
Page 133 and 134:
Chapter 3N 2 O emission levelProces
Page 135 and 136:
Chapter 3Process typeNO x emission
Page 137 and 138:
Chapter 3Process typeNO x emission
Page 139 and 140:
Chapter 3140120Generation factor %1
Page 141 and 142:
Chapter 33.4.2 Optimisation of the
Page 143 and 144:
Chapter 33.4.3 Alternative oxidatio
Page 145 and 146:
Chapter 33.4.4 Optimisation of the
Page 147 and 148:
Chapter 3Achieved environmental ben
Page 149 and 150:
Chapter 33.4.5 N 2 O decomposition
Page 151 and 152:
Chapter 33.4.6 Catalytic N 2 O deco
Page 153 and 154:
Chapter 3According to [89, Kuiper,
Page 155 and 156:
Chapter 33.4.7 Combined NO x and N
Page 157 and 158:
Chapter 3EconomicsInvestment costs.
Page 159 and 160:
Chapter 3Operational dataSee descri
Page 161 and 162:
Chapter 3NOx removal efficiency in
Page 163 and 164:
Chapter 33.4.10 Addition of H 2 O 2
Page 165 and 166:
Chapter 33.4.11 NO X reduction duri
Page 167 and 168:
Chapter 3Installing a low temperatu
Page 169 and 170:
Chapter 3NO x emission level as NO
Page 171:
Chapter 3Operational dataNo specifi
Page 174 and 175:
Chapter 4Country Company Location C
Page 176 and 177:
Chapter 4Country Company Location C
Page 178 and 179:
Chapter 4Figure 4.2 gives an overvi
Page 180 and 181:
Chapter 4Two general converter type
Page 182 and 183:
Chapter 4Figure 4.6 gives an impres
Page 184 and 185:
Chapter 44.2.3 Sulphur sources and
Page 186 and 187:
Chapter 44.2.3.5 Non-ferrous metal
Page 188 and 189:
Chapter 4Sulphur source/SO 2 produc
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Chapter 410Tail gas specific SO2 lo
Page 194 and 195:
Chapter 4Capacity in tonnesof 100 %
Page 196 and 197:
Chapter 4Capacity in tonnesof 100 %
Page 198 and 199:
Chapter 4SO 2 sourceSpent acid and
Page 200 and 201:
Chapter 4Cross-media effectsWithout
Page 202 and 203: Chapter 4Achieved environmental ben
Page 204 and 205: Chapter 44.4.3 Addition of a 5 th b
Page 206 and 207: Chapter 44.4.4 Application of a Cs-
Page 208 and 209: Chapter 4EUR/yearWaste gas volume (
Page 210 and 211: Chapter 44.4.6 Replacement of brick
Page 212 and 213: Chapter 4EUR/yearWaste gas volume (
Page 214 and 215: Chapter 4PlantSO 2 sourceInlet SO 2
Page 216 and 217: Chapter 44.4.10 Combination of SCR
Page 218 and 219: Chapter 4Achieved environmental ben
Page 220 and 221: Chapter 4Driving force for implemen
Page 222 and 223: Chapter 44.4.14 Monitoring of SO 2
Page 224 and 225: Chapter 4EconomicsCost benefits can
Page 226 and 227: Chapter 4Energy inputRecovery and l
Page 228 and 229: Chapter 44.4.16 Minimisation and ab
Page 230 and 231: Chapter 44.4.17 Minimisation of NO
Page 232 and 233: Chapter 44.4.19 Tail gas scrubbing
Page 234 and 235: Chapter 44.4.21 Tail gas treatment:
Page 236 and 237: Chapter 4Economics[58, TAK-S, 2003]
Page 238 and 239: Chapter 4EconomicsNo specific infor
Page 240 and 241: Chapter 4BAT is to minimise and red
Page 242 and 243: Chapter 55.2 Applied processes and
Page 244 and 245: Chapter 55.2.2.1 Raw materials5.2.2
Page 246 and 247: Chapter 5OriginChinaMine/regionRare
Page 248 and 249: Chapter 55.2.2.2 GrindingDepending
Page 250 and 251: Chapter 55.3 Current emission and c
Page 254 and 255: Chapter 55.4 Techniques to consider
Page 256 and 257: Chapter 55.4.2 Hemihydrate process
Page 258 and 259: Chapter 55.4.3 Hemi-dihydrate recry
Page 260 and 261: Chapter 55.4.4 Hemi-dihydrate recry
Page 262 and 263: Chapter 55.4.5 Di-hemihydrate recry
Page 264 and 265: Chapter 55.4.6 RepulpingDescription
Page 266 and 267: Chapter 55.4.7 Fluoride recovery an
Page 268 and 269: Chapter 55.4.8 Recovery and abateme
Page 270 and 271: Chapter 5Operational dataNo informa
Page 272 and 273: Chapter 55.4.11 Decadmation of H 3
Page 274 and 275: Chapter 55.4.12 Use of entrainment
Page 276 and 277: Chapter 5Cross-media effects• dis
Page 278 and 279: Chapter 5Driving force for implemen
Page 280 and 281: Chapter 5Cross-media effectsTable 5
Page 282 and 283: Chapter 5ApplicabilityAt present, o
Page 285 and 286: Chapter 66 HYDROFLUORIC ACID6.1 Gen
Page 287 and 288: Chapter 6Component Portion (mass co
Page 289 and 290: Chapter 66.2.4 Process gas treatmen
Page 291 and 292: Chapter 66.3 Current emission and c
Page 293 and 294: Chapter 6Emission of kg/tonne HF Re
Page 295 and 296: 6.4 Techniques to consider in the d
Page 297 and 298: Chapter 66.4.2 Energy recovery from
Page 299 and 300: Chapter 66.4.4 Valorisation of fluo
Page 301 and 302: Chapter 66.4.6 Scrubbing of tail ga
Page 303 and 304:
6.4.7 Scrubbing of tail gases: fluo
Page 305 and 306:
Chapter 66.4.8 Abatement of dust em
Page 307 and 308:
Chapter 66.4.9 Waste water treatmen
Page 309 and 310:
Chapter 6Cross-media effects• 5 -
Page 311 and 312:
Chapter 77 NPK AND CN7.1 General in
Page 313 and 314:
Chapter 77.2 Applied processes and
Page 315 and 316:
Chapter 77.2.3 Direct neutralisatio
Page 317 and 318:
Chapter 7Fluorine compounds origina
Page 319 and 320:
Chapter7Per tonne productkWh Nm 3 k
Page 321 and 322:
Chapter7Emission levelmg/Nm 3 ppm k
Page 323 and 324:
Chapter7Emission levelmg/Nm 3 ppm k
Page 325 and 326:
7.4 Techniques to consider in the d
Page 327 and 328:
Chapter7Driving force for implement
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Chapter7Achieved environmental bene
Page 335 and 336:
Chapter77.4.6 Recycling warm airDes
Page 337 and 338:
Chapter77.4.7 Optimising the recycl
Page 339 and 340:
Chapter7Operational dataThe volume
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Chapter77.4.11 Recycling of scrubbi
Page 347 and 348:
Chapter77.4.12 Waste water treatmen
Page 349:
Chapter7ParameterLevelmg/Nm 3Phosph
Page 352 and 353:
Chapter 88.2 Applied processes and
Page 354 and 355:
Chapter 88.2.1.1 Particle formation
Page 356 and 357:
Chapter 8Consumption of Per tonne u
Page 358 and 359:
Chapter 8Per tonne urea Unit Remark
Page 360 and 361:
Chapter 8Waste water per tonne urea
Page 362 and 363:
Chapter 8Pollutant Source g/tonne u
Page 364 and 365:
Chapter 8Plant Emission Amount (ton
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Chapter 8Operational dataSee Table
Page 370 and 371:
Chapter 8Operational dataSee Table
Page 372 and 373:
Chapter 8Driving force for implemen
Page 374 and 375:
Chapter 88.4.6 Redirecting fines to
Page 376 and 377:
Chapter 8Existing plantCase 2Revamp
Page 378 and 379:
Chapter 88.4.8 Heat integration in
Page 380 and 381:
Chapter 88.4.9 Combined condensatio
Page 382 and 383:
Chapter 88.4.10 Minimisation of NH
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Chapter 8Other approaches to proces
Page 388 and 389:
Page 390 and 391:
Chapter 88.5 BAT for Urea and UANBA
Page 392 and 393:
Chapter 9Country Company LocationBe
Page 394 and 395:
Chapter 99.2.2 NeutralisationThe ex
Page 396 and 397:
Chapter 9Scrubbing devices• packe
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Chapter 9Pollutant mg/Nm 3 g/tonne
Page 402 and 403:
Chapter 99.4 Techniques to consider
Page 404 and 405:
Chapter 99.4.2 Recovery of residual
Page 406 and 407:
Chapter 99.4.3 Energy consideration
Page 408 and 409:
Chapter 99.4.4 Steam purification a
Page 410 and 411:
Chapter 99.4.5 Autothermal granulat
Page 412 and 413:
Chapter 9ApplicabilityIrrigated can
Page 415 and 416:
Chapter 1010 SUPERPHOSPHATES10.1 Ge
Page 417 and 418:
Chapter 10Emissionto airEmissionto
Page 419 and 420:
Chapter 10Input Indirect granulatio
Page 421 and 422:
Chapter 10Volume5 - 10 m 3 /hourTem
Page 423 and 424:
Chapter 1010.4.2 Recovery and abate
Page 425 and 426:
Chapter 1010.4.4 Recycling of scrub
Page 427 and 428:
Chapter 1111 CONCLUDING REMARKS11.1
Page 429:
Chapter 11Production of HNO 3 : De-
Page 432 and 433:
References26 Dipankar Das (1998).
Page 434 and 435:
References89 Kuiper (2001). "High t
Page 436 and 437:
References147 Uhde (2006). "The Uhd
Page 438 and 439:
GlossaryCalculation of steam proper
Page 440 and 441:
GlossaryIPCCIPPCISO 14001Intergover
Page 442 and 443:
GlossaryChemical formulasAl 2 O 3Ca
Page 445 and 446:
Annexes14 ANNEXES14.1 Cost calculat
show all

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?