Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net
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Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

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Chapter 55.2.2.1 Raw materials5.2.2.1.1 Phosphate rock[31, EFMA, 2000]Table 5.2 and Table 5.3 give an overview of phosphate rocks from different origins.Phosphate ores are found in two major geological origins: igneous or sedimentary. Thephosphate minerals in both types of ore are of the apatite group, of which the most commonlyencountered variants are fluorapatite Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (F,OH) 2, and francoliteCa 10 (PO 4 ) 6-x (CO 3 ) x (F,OH) 2+x . Fluorapatite predominates in igneous phosphate rocks andfrancolite predominates in sedimentary phosphate rocks.The most easily mined phosphate deposits are found in the great sedimentary basins. Thesesedimentary deposits are generally associated with matter derived from living creatures and thuscontain organic compounds. These phosphates are interposed with sedimentary strata of theother materials interpenetrated by gangue minerals, thus sedimentary phosphate ores can havediffering compositions even within the same source.Most phosphate ores have to be concentrated or beneficiated before they can be used or sold onthe international phosphate market. Different techniques may be used at the beneficiation stage,to treat the same ore for removal of the gangue and associated impurities. This gives rise tofurther variations in the finished ore concentrate product. Phosphoric acid technology has to relyon raw materials of variable consistency and the technology needs to be constantly adapted tomeet raw materials variations.According to IFA the supply of phosphate rock in the EU in 2004 was provided by Morocco(47.5 %), Russia (24.3 %), Jordan (8.1 %), Syria (6.2 %), Tunisia (4.9 %), Israel (4.2 %),Algeria (3.8 %) and others (1.0 %) [2, IFA, 2005].5.2.2.1.2 Sulphuric acid[29, RIZA, 2000]The types of H 2 SO 4 mainly used as raw material in the production of phosphoric acid are acidproduced from elemental sulphur, fatal acid (from non-ferrous metal production) and spent acid.The amounts of impurities introduced into the process by H 2 SO 4 are generally low or negligiblecompared to the amount introduced by the phosphate rock. Only in the case of mercury andpossibly lead, H 2 SO 4 may contribute significantly, especially when fatal acid is the main type ofH 2 SO 4 used. Typical mercury contents are:• for H 2 SO 4 from elemental sulphur

Chapter 5OriginMine/regionProductionMtonnes/yearReserves (2)MtonnesGrade(nominal) % BPLP2O5CaOSiO2Composition wt-%ChinaIsrael Nahal Zin 4.0 180JordanEl-HassaKhouribga 73 33.4 50.6 1.9 4 4.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.3 1.6 0.1 0.1Morocco Youssoufia 22.0 5700Bu-CraRussiaKola (1) 10.5 200 84 38.9 50.5 1.1 3.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 2.9Kovdor (1) 37.0 52.5 2.0 0.8 0.1 0.2 2.1 0.2Senegal Taiba 2.0 50 80 36.7 50 5 3.7 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4South Africa Pharlaborwa (1) 2.8 1500 80 36.8 52.1 2.6 2.2 3.5 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3Syria 2.1 100Togo 0.8 30 80 36.7 51.2 4.5 3.8 1.6 1 1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1Tunisia Gafsa 8.1 100USAFlorida 34.2 1000 75 34.3 49.8 3.7 3.9 3.1 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1North CarolinaOthers 16.2 1240World 128.2 12000(1) Igneous(2) Amount which could be economically extracted or produced at the time of determination [9, Austrian UBA, 2002]FCO2Al2O3Fe2O3MgONa2OK2OOrganicsOrganic carbonSO3ClSrOTable 5.2: Origin and typical composition of different phosphate rocks (P 2 O 5 content is highlighted) based on past analysis[9, Austrian UBA, 2002, 29, RIZA, 2000, 31, EFMA, 2000] and references within, [154, TWG on LVIC-AAF]Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers 217

Chapter 5OriginMine/regionProductionMtonnes/yearReserves (2)MtonnesGrade(nominal) % BPLP2O5CaOSiO2Composition wt-%ChinaIsrael Nahal Zin 4.0 180JordanEl-HassaKhouribga 73 33.4 50.6 1.9 4 4.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.3 1.6 0.1 0.1Morocco Youssoufia 22.0 5700Bu-CraRussiaKola (1) 10.5 200 84 38.9 50.5 1.1 3.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 2.9Kovdor (1) 37.0 52.5 2.0 0.8 0.1 0.2 2.1 0.2Senegal Taiba 2.0 50 80 36.7 50 5 3.7 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4South Africa Pharlaborwa (1) 2.8 1500 80 36.8 52.1 2.6 2.2 3.5 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3Syria 2.1 100Togo 0.8 30 80 36.7 51.2 4.5 3.8 1.6 1 1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1Tunisia Gafsa 8.1 100USAFlorida 34.2 1000 75 34.3 49.8 3.7 3.9 3.1 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.1North CarolinaOthers 16.2 1240World 128.2 12000(1) Igneous(2) Amount which could be economically extracted or produced at the time of determination [9, Austrian UBA, 2002]FCO2Al2O3Fe2O3MgONa2OK2OOrganicsOrganic carbonSO3ClSrOTable 5.2: Origin and typical composition of different phosphate rocks (P 2 O 5 content is highlighted) based on past analysis[9, Austrian UBA, 2002, 29, RIZA, 2000, 31, EFMA, 2000] and references within, [154, TWG on LVIC-AAF]<strong>Large</strong> <strong>Volume</strong> <strong>Inorganic</strong> <strong>Chemicals</strong> – <strong>Ammonia</strong>, Acids and Fertilisers 217

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