Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

Chapter 44.4.6 Replacement of brick-arch convertersDescriptionBrick-arch converters have been extensively used in the past. One advantage is their high heatcapacity, which facilitates shutdown and restart of the conversion process. A disadvantage isthat the older brick-arches can be porous and, hence, part of the process gas bypasses theintermediate absorber. This results in lower conversion rates. Usually, mending porous brickarchesis not economically viable, and the brick-arch converter is replaced by a modernconverter.Achieved environmental benefitsIncreased conversion rate.Cross-media effectsNone believed likely.Operational dataNo specific information provided.ApplicabilityApplicable to brick-arch converters. Brick-arch converters have not been built since the 1980s.Hence, in the usual case existing brick-arch converters are about 25 years old or older. Besidesthe replacement of the brick-arch converter, the replacement of other equipment might benecessary. This will require an assessment of the profitability.EconomicsReplacement of the converter represents a major investment, but the increase of performanceprovides a payback.Driving force for implementationLow performance of the brick-arch system. Reduction of SO 2 emissions.References to literature and example plants[17, 2nd TWG meeting, 2004, 68, Outukumpu, 2006]182 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers