Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

Chapter 4Driving force for implementationReduction of SO 2 emission levels.References to literature and example plants[57, Austrian UBA, 2001, 58, TAK-S, 2003], Voest Alpine Stahl, Kemira Kemi, Atlanticcopper HuelvaWaste gas volume (Nm 3 /hour) 36000Operating time (hours/year) 8400EUR/yearSO 2 concentration of waste gas before emissionreduction (mg/Nm 3 )SO 2 concentration of waste gas after emissionreduction (mg/Nm 3 )1200400Reduction of SO 2 emissions (kg/hour) 29Extra investment costsExtra costs for catalyst (incl. 6 % interest rate) 21700Extra amount of catalyst for bed 4 (m 3 ) 40Lifetime of catalyst (years) 10Specific costs of catalyst EUR 4000/m 3Recovered sulphuric acid (kg/hour) 44 EUR 0.051/kg -18800Estimated annual extra costs (EUR/year) 2900Specific costs related to reduction of SO 2 emissions (EUR/tonne SO 2 ) 12Specific extra costs related to the production of H 2 SO 4 (EUR/tonne H 2 SO 4 ) 0.020Basis: inlet concentration 10.5 vol-% SO 2 , H 2 SO 4 production: 145000 tonnes/year, waste gasvolume of 36000 Nm 3 /hour, increase of the conversion rate from 99.6 % to a range of99.85 – 99.9 %Table 4.12: Costs for the application of Cs-promoted catalyst in bed 4 of a double contact plant[57, Austrian UBA, 2001]Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers 179