Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net
Share Embed Flag
Download ePaper

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

ammk.rks.net
from ammk.rks.net More from this publisher
12.07.2015 Views

Chapter 4SO 2 sourceSpent acid and saltsfrom TiO 2 productiong/tonneSpent acid and saltsfrom TiO 2 productiong/tonneSO 4 2910 2380total NFe 23 90Pb 0.1 0.38Ni 0.05As 0.24Cd 0.005Cr 0.38Zn 1Cu 0.16 0.1Hg 0.002 0.02COD 445 19Table 4.9: Examples for waste waters from H 2 SO 4 production before waste water treatment[21, German UBA, 2000]Sulphur burning/single contactSulphur burning/double contactSolid waste g/tonne 100 % H 2 SO 4Spent catalyst 10 – 20Pyrite roasting Spent catalyst about 40Zn and Pb smelter Spent catalyst 20 – 40Complex (Pb,Cu)S batch treatment Spent catalyst 20 – 40Cu smelterSpent acid decompositionTable 4.10: Solid wastes from production of H 2 SO 4[62, EFMA, 2000]15 – 35 % of the installedcatalyst and per screeningoperation20 – 40Spent catalyst 40Ashes 400170 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers

4.4 Techniques to consider in the determination of BAT4.4.1 Single contact/single absorption processDescriptionChapter 4After purification and drying, the SO 2 is converted into SO 3 using a series of 4 catalyst beds,containing alkali and V 2 O 5 . Afterwards, the SO 3 is absorbed in concentrated sulphuric acid and,if necessary, an oleum absorber is installed upstream. SO 3 reacts with the water contained in theabsorber acid to yield H 2 SO 4 . The absorber acid is kept at the desired concentration ofapproximately 99 % w/w by addition of water or dilute H 2 SO 4 .Heatexchange1CatalystbedsEmissionto air2HeatexchangeTail gastreatment3Heatexchange4HeatexchangeSingleAbsorptionPurifiedand driedSO 2gasDried airH 2SO 4ProductH 2SO 4Figure 4.10: Example for a single contact/single absorption processThis figure is based on [59, Outukumpu, 2005] and [57, Austrian UBA, 2001].Achieved environmental benefitsNote: Conversion rates, tail gas SO 2 concentrations and specific SO 2 load in tail gases arecorrelated, see Figure 4.7, Figure 4.8 and Figure 4.9.Conversion rates >98 % are difficult to achieve in existing plants. However, some plantsachieve conversion rates of 98.5 % [58, TAK-S, 2003].Conversion rates of about 97.5 % are achieved without primary or secondary reductionmeasures [57, Austrian UBA, 2001].New plants achieve conversion rates of 98 – 99 % [59, Outukumpu, 2005].Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers 171

Chapter 4SO 2 sourceSpent acid and saltsfrom TiO 2 productiong/tonneSpent acid and saltsfrom TiO 2 productiong/tonneSO 4 2910 2380total NFe 23 90Pb 0.1 0.38Ni 0.05As 0.24Cd 0.005Cr 0.38Zn 1Cu 0.16 0.1Hg 0.002 0.02COD 445 19Table 4.9: Examples for waste waters from H 2 SO 4 production before waste water treatment[21, German UBA, 2000]Sulphur burning/single contactSulphur burning/double contactSolid waste g/tonne 100 % H 2 SO 4Spent catalyst 10 – 20Pyrite roasting Spent catalyst about 40Zn and Pb smelter Spent catalyst 20 – 40Complex (Pb,Cu)S batch treatment Spent catalyst 20 – 40Cu smelterSpent acid decompositionTable 4.10: Solid wastes from production of H 2 SO 4[62, EFMA, 2000]15 – 35 % of the installedcatalyst and per screeningoperation20 – 40Spent catalyst 40Ashes 400170 <strong>Large</strong> <strong>Volume</strong> <strong>Inorganic</strong> <strong>Chemicals</strong> – <strong>Ammonia</strong>, Acids and Fertilisers

logo

products

Resources

Company

Terms of service
Privacy policy
Cookie policy
Cookie settings
Imprint
Change language
Made with love in Switzerland
© 2024 Yumpu.com all rights reserved

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!