Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

Chapter 4Figure 4.2 gives an overview of the main feedstock, consumers and cycles of the H 2 SO 4economy. Table 4.3 shows the distribution of H 2 SO 4 production according to the SO 2 source.The phosphate fertiliser industry is by far the most important user. Other applications of H 2 SO 4are in petroleum refining, pigment production, steel pickling, non-ferrous metals extraction andthe manufacture of explosives, detergents (organic sulphonation processes), plastics andmanmade fibres. The chemical industry also uses varying amounts of H 2 SO 4 in specialisedproduction applications for dyes, pharmaceuticals and fluorine chemicals.Sulphidic oresPyriteRoasting,smelting,sinteringFertiliserproductionSulphurSulphurcombustionWaste watertreatmentTail/flue-gasesH 2 S, CS 2 , COSOxidation,concentrationH 2 SO 4SulphateroastingTitaniumdioxideIronsulphateProcessingof organic/inorganicacidsDecompositionOrganic,inorganiccompoundsOther applications(metal processing,batteries)Figure 4.2: Overview of the main feedstock, consumers and cycles of the H 2 SO 4 economyThis figure is based on [58, TAK-S, 2003]SO 2 source% distributionSulphur 43.7Non-ferrous metals 39.0H 2 SO 4 regeneration 7.5Pyrite 4.2Recovery & others 5.6Table 4.3: Distribution of the H 2 SO 4 production 2005 according to the SO 2 source[154, TWG on LVIC-AAF]. This table relates to production in the EU-25, Norway and Switzerland.150 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers