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Preface5. How to understand and use this documentThe information provided in this document is intended to be used as an input to thedetermination of BAT in specific cases. When determining BAT and setting BAT-based permitconditions, account should always be taken of the overall goal to achieve a high level ofprotection for the environment as a whole.The rest of this section describes the type of information that is provided in each section of thedocument.Chapters X.1 and X.2 provide general information on the industrial sector concerned and on theindustrial processes used within the sector. Chapters X.3 provide data and informationconcerning current emission and consumption levels reflecting the situation in existinginstallations at the time of writing.Chapters X.4 describe in more detail the emission reduction and other techniques that areconsidered to be most relevant for determining BAT and BAT-based permit conditions. Thisinformation includes the consumption and emission levels considered achievable by using thetechnique, some idea of the costs and the cross-media issues associated with the technique, andthe extent to which the technique is applicable to the range of installations requiring IPPCpermits, for example new, existing, large or small installations. Techniques that are generallyseen as obsolete are not included.Chapters X.5 present the techniques and the emission and consumption levels that areconsidered to be compatible with BAT in a general sense. The purpose is thus to providegeneral indications regarding the emission and consumption levels that can be considered as anappropriate reference point to assist in the determination of BAT-based permit conditions or forthe establishment of general binding rules under Article 9(8). It should be stressed, however,that this document does not propose emission limit values. The determination of appropriatepermit conditions will involve taking account of local, site-specific factors such as the technicalcharacteristics of the installation concerned, its geographical location and the localenvironmental conditions. In the case of existing installations, the economic and technicalviability of upgrading them also needs to be taken into account. Even the single objective ofensuring a high level of protection for the environment as a whole will often involve makingtrade-off judgements between different types of environmental impact, and these judgementswill often be influenced by local considerations.Although an attempt is made to address some of these issues, it is not possible for them to beconsidered fully in this document. The techniques and levels presented in chapter 5 willtherefore not necessarily be appropriate for all installations. On the other hand, the obligation toensure a high level of environmental protection including the minimisation of long-distance ortransboundary pollution implies that permit conditions cannot be set on the basis of purely localconsiderations. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the information contained in thisdocument is fully taken into account by permitting authorities.Since the best available techniques change over time, this document will be reviewed andupdated as appropriate. All comments and suggestions should be made to the European IPPCBureau at the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies at the following address:Edificio Expo, c/ Inca Garcilaso, s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, SpainTelephone: +34 95 4488 284Fax: +34 95 4488 426e-mail: JRC-IPTS-EIPPCB@ec.europa.euInternet: http://eippcb.jrc.esLarge Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisersxiii