Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

Chapter 3EconomicsFor new plants, alternative catalysts can be an option. For existing plants, retrofit costs arereported to be in 1999 USD 1.5 – 2 million (about EUR 1425000 – 1900000 in 2001). Thelower NO yield should also be taken into account as it has a significant cost effect.Savings of EUR 0.50 – 2.00 per tonne of HNO 3 have been achieved [145, Nitrogen2003, 2003].Driving force for implementationProcess optimisation and minimised N 2 O formation.References to literature and example plants[87, infoMil, 2001, 94, Austrian UBA, 2001, 105, Müller, 2003]• SKW Piesteritz GmbH: improved platinum-based Heraeus catalyst• Grande Paroisse, Rouen: improved platinum-based Heraeus catalyst• Incitec (Australia) and Simplot (Canada) use a cobalt oxide catalyst• two-step catalysts are widely used in the republics of the CIS.116 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers