Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net

Chapter 22.5 BAT for ammoniaBAT is to apply the common BAT given in Section 1.5.BAT for storage is to apply BAT given in [5, European Commission, 2005].BAT for new installations is to apply one of the following plant concepts:• conventional reforming (see Section 2.4.1)• reduced primary reforming (see Section 2.4.2)• heat exchange autothermal reforming.BAT is to apply one or a combination of the following techniques, and to achieve the NO xconcentration emission levels given in Table 2.13:• SNCR at the primary reformer, if the furnace allows the required temperature/retentiontime windows (see Section 2.4.10)• low NO x burners (see Section 2.4.23)• ammonia removal from purge and flash gases (see Section 2.4.22)• low temperature desulphurisation for autothermal heat exchange reforming (seeSection 2.4.13).Plant conceptAdvanced conventional reforming processes and processes withreduced primary reformingNO x emission as NO 2mg/Nm 390 – 230 xHeat exchange autothermal reforminga) 80b) 20a) Process air heaterb) Auxiliary boilerx Low end of the range: best existing performers and new installationsNo direct correlation between concentration levels and emission factors could be established. However,emission factors of 0.29 – 0.32 kg/tonne NH 3 are seen as a benchmark for conventional reformingprocesses and processes with reduced primary reforming. For heat exchange autothermal reforming, anemission factor of 0.175 kg/tonne NH 3 is seen as a benchmark.Table 2.13: NO x emission levels associated with BATBAT is to carry out routine energy audits (see Section 2.4.6).92 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers