Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net
Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net
Chapter 22.4.22 Ammonia removal from purge and flash gases in a closed loopDescriptionAmmonia is removed from purge and flash gases by water scrubbing. Compression of lowpressure flash gases is achieved by a mechanical compressor or by an ejector, and is carried outin order to feed them to a water scrubbing system. The scrubbed gases are burnt in thereforming section. The obtained NH 3 solution is recycled to other processes or distilled torecover pure NH 3 .Achieved environmental benefitsReduced NO x emissions, reduced NH 3 emissions.Cross-media effectsAdditional energy consumption.Operational dataNo information provided.ApplicabilityThis integrated technique is primarily applicable in new and existing conventional steamreforming plants. It is unlikely to be applicable for very small flash gas streams, when the crossmediaeffect (energy consumption) outweighs the environmental benefit (reduced NO xemissions).EconomicsNo information provided.Driving force for implementationReduced NO x emissions, reduced NH 3 emissions.References to literature and example plants[1, EFMA, 2000, 3, European Commission, 1997]86 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers
Chapter 22.4.23 Low NO x burnersDescriptionNO x emissions are reduced in the flue-gases from the fired primary reformers and auxiliaryboilers by modification of the combustion section. The peak flame temperature, the availabilityof oxygen and the residence time in the combustion zone, all influence the formation of NO x .Low NO x burners reduce the formation of NO x by controlling these factors through the stagedaddition of combustion air and/or fuel gas, they may also include partial flue-gas recirculation.For a more detailed description of low NO x burners, see [10, European Commission, 2005].Achieved environmental benefitsNO x reduction rates of up to 70 % [10, European Commission, 2005].Cross-media effectsNone believed to be likely.Operational dataNo information provided.ApplicabilityThis is an integrated technique applicable to new and existing steam reforming and partialoxidation plants.EconomicsThe cost of the burners can be estimated to the cost of standard configuration + 10 % or, ifwaste gas recirculation is realised, + 15 to 30 % [3, European Commission, 1997]. The cost forretrofitting can be significant.Driving force for implementationReduction of NO x emissions.References to literature and example plants[3, European Commission, 1997, 10, European Commission, 2005], DSM, GelenLarge Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers 87
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Chapter 22.4.22 <strong>Ammonia</strong> removal from purge and flash gases in a closed loopDescription<strong>Ammonia</strong> is removed from purge and flash gases by water scrubbing. Compression of lowpressure flash gases is achieved by a mechanical compressor or by an ejector, and is carried outin order to feed them to a water scrubbing system. The scrubbed gases are burnt in thereforming section. The obtained NH 3 solution is recycled to other processes or distilled torecover pure NH 3 .Achieved environmental benefitsReduced NO x emissions, reduced NH 3 emissions.Cross-media effectsAdditional energy consumption.Operational dataNo information provided.ApplicabilityThis integrated technique is primarily applicable in new and existing conventional steamreforming plants. It is unlikely to be applicable for very small flash gas streams, when the crossmediaeffect (energy consumption) outweighs the environmental benefit (reduced NO xemissions).EconomicsNo information provided.Driving force for implementationReduced NO x emissions, reduced NH 3 emissions.References to literature and example plants[1, EFMA, 2000, 3, European Commission, 1997]86 <strong>Large</strong> <strong>Volume</strong> <strong>Inorganic</strong> <strong>Chemicals</strong> – <strong>Ammonia</strong>, Acids and Fertilisers