Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net
Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia ... - ammk-rks.net
Chapter 2Operational dataSee Description.ApplicabilityIn general, SNCR is applicable to new and existing ammonia plants. In particular SNCR isconsidered as an efficient reduction measure for existing plants. SNCR is an option forretrofitting the primary reformer, as it can be implemented at existing plants.Retrofitting is considered suitable in the case of Kellogg furnaces, and unlikely to be possiblewith Foster Wheeler furnaces. Some furnaces will not provide the right temperaturerange/retention times [17, 2nd TWG meeting, 2004].EconomicsAs the reducing agent is available on-site, equipment costs and operating costs are lower incomparison to other combustion plants. At ammonia plants, equipment for an additive storageunit is not necessary.Driving force for implementationReduced NO x emissions.References to literature and example plants• the two ammonia production lines of Agrolinz Melamin were equipped with SNCR between1998 and 2000• DSM, Geleen• Kemira, Tertre.[9, Austrian UBA, 2002, 10, European Commission, 2005, 11, European Commission, 2003]74 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers
Chapter 22.4.11 Improved CO 2 removal systemsDescriptionThe CO 2 formed in the gasification process and in the shift conversion process is normallyremoved by scrubbing with a solvent. In the processes, mechanical energy is needed to circulatethe solvent and, in most cases, heat is needed to regenerate the solution. In this way almost pureCO 2 is recovered which is typically vented, although it could be used in other processes, e.g.urea production. CO 2 removal systems using improved solvents consume substantially lessenergy than other systems. The energy consumption of a CO 2 removal system also depends onthe way it is incorporated in the ammonia plant, and is affected by the syngas purity and CO 2recovery.A simple, relatively inexpensive technique to improve the energy consumption of “hotpotassium carbonate CO 2 ” removal systems is the addition of special catalysts.Achieved environmental benefitsEnergy savings of 30 – 60 MJ/kmol CO 2 (about 0.8 – 1.9 GJ/tonne NH 3 ) is possible.Cross-media effectsNone believed likely.Operational dataNo information provided.ApplicabilityThis integrated technique applies to all new and existing steam reforming ammonia plants.EconomicsCost benefits can be assumed.Driving force for implementationCost benefits.References to literature and example plants[3, European Commission, 1997]Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers 75
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Chapter 2Operational dataSee Description.ApplicabilityIn general, SNCR is applicable to new and existing ammonia plants. In particular SNCR isconsidered as an efficient reduction measure for existing plants. SNCR is an option forretrofitting the primary reformer, as it can be implemented at existing plants.Retrofitting is considered suitable in the case of Kellogg furnaces, and unlikely to be possiblewith Foster Wheeler furnaces. Some furnaces will not provide the right temperaturerange/retention times [17, 2nd TWG meeting, 2004].EconomicsAs the reducing agent is available on-site, equipment costs and operating costs are lower incomparison to other combustion plants. At ammonia plants, equipment for an additive storageunit is not necessary.Driving force for implementationReduced NO x emissions.References to literature and example plants• the two ammonia production lines of Agrolinz Melamin were equipped with SNCR between1998 and 2000• DSM, Geleen• Kemira, Tertre.[9, Austrian UBA, 2002, 10, European Commission, 2005, 11, European Commission, 2003]74 <strong>Large</strong> <strong>Volume</strong> <strong>Inorganic</strong> <strong>Chemicals</strong> – <strong>Ammonia</strong>, Acids and Fertilisers