Chapter 3. Probability

Chapter 3: Probability 678. Birthday and ComplementP(birthday not in Oct.)= 1 – P(birthday in Oct.)= 1 – 31/365= 1 – 0.085= 0.915In Exercises 9-12, use the data in the following table, which summarizes results from the sinking of the Titanic.Men Women Boys Girls TotalSurvived 332 318 29 27 706Died 1360 104 35 18 1517Total 1692 422 64 45 22239. Titanic Passengers (n= 2223), this is a disjoint probabilityP(women or child)= P(women) + P(child)= 422/2223 + (64 + 45)/2223=0.1898 + 109/2223= 0.1898 + 0.0490= 0.23910. Titanic Passengers (n= 2223), this is not a disjoint probabilityP(man or survived)= P(man) + P(survived) – P(man and survived)=1692/2223 + 706/2223 – 332/2223= 0.7602 + 0.3176 – 0.1493= 0.92911. Titanic Passengers (n= 2223), this is not a disjoint probabilityP(child or survived)= P(child) + P(survived) – P(child and survived)=109/2223 + 706/2223 – (29 + 27)/2223= 0.0490 + 0.3176 – 56/2223=0.3660 – 0.0252= 0.34112. Titanic Passengers (n= 2223), this is not a disjoint probabilityP(woman or didn’t survive)= P(woman) + P(didn’t survive) – P(woman and didn’t survive)=422/2223 + 1517/2223 – 104/2223= 0.1898 + 0.6824 – 0.0468= 0.825In Exercises 13-20, use the data in the following table, which summarizes blood groups and Rh types for 100typical people. These values may vary in different regions according to the ethnicity of the population.Rh TypeO A B AB TotalPositive 39 35 8 4 86Negative 6 5 2 1 14Total 45 40 10 5 10013. Blood Groups and Types (n= 100), complementP( A )= 1 – P(A)= 1 – 40/100= 1 – 0.400= 0.60014. Blood Groups and Types (n= 100)P(Rh – )= 14/100= 0.14015. Blood Groups and Types (n= 100), not a disjoint probabilityP(A or Rh – )= P(A) + P(Rh – ) – P(A and Rh – )= 40/100 + 14/100 – 5/100=0.400 + 0.140 – 0.050= 0.49016. Blood Groups and Types (n= 100), a disjoint probabilityP(A or B)= P(A) + P(B)= 40/100 + 10/100= 0.400 + 0.100= 0.50017. Blood Groups and Types (n= 100), complementP(not Rh + )=1 – P(Rh – )= 1 – 14/100= 1 – 0.140= 0.86018. Blood Groups and Types (n= 100), not a disjoint probabilityP(B or Rh + )= P(B) + P(Rh + ) – P(B and Rh + )= 10/100 + 86/100 – 8/100=0.100 + 0.860 – 0.080= 0.880