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1646. 1Resolutions of States General. 1646. (S.G. 3228)Lunae 12th i»iarch 1646.Read a petition presented to their Ho.Mo. in na:ne of MrGeorge Firch,Councillor of the Duke of Courland, complainingof the seizure by the WIC. through the Admiralty Amsterdamof the ship Fortuyn. Referred to Admiralty.Martis 6th February 1646.-About the English Guinea Co. and St Thome, and the outstandingdebts claimed by it there.-23rd March 1646.-Remonstrance re same,on behaldl of Duke of Courland, referredto WIC-9th April 1646.-Read reply from WIC. (copy in S.G.5774)- in -which they justifyseizure of Fortuyn as trading on Coast of Africa in breachof Charter and Placades.- Referred to representative of Dukeof Courland.-18th April 1646.-Further remonstrance re ship Fortuyn in name of Duke of Courland,to Ho.Mo. read.- (Many more minutes on same subject).Mercury, 23rd May 1646.Received a letter from the Directors of the WIC.at the Chamiber in Zee land, -written at Midcelburoh the 18th instant forthe next Assembly of the XIX, with the roints of Convocation(Beschrijvinge); with communication from the Chamber of AmsterdamTeleckt(?) in 1 s-Gravenhage towards 4th June. Requestingtheir Ho.Mo. to appoint deputies. -Decided to hold over Commissionfor Assembly Deputies t i l l Assembly of XIX had arrived.(S.G. 5774). Above letter in original with the Points (18),including the following: R J P B O Q E D A ^ > ^6.The embers are requested to make disclosure and explainwhat has been equipped and sent, since the last Assembly, toGUINEA, St Thome and Loanda, and those failing are most seriouslyrecom ended to fi fulfil their turn, so that the tradedid not come to fall to

2 1646.11.Ftndln? that the Account of the IS ships to the North Jo'Stof Africa, Rince 30th November 1639 to 31st August 1644, h snot. been settled, -Ithourh the sane « s hondeci over by theJhiaber of / astf rdaa, and by the Assembly of the XIX placedin the hnnds of the General hekenkiaer l.a.w. thi minutes of26th September 1646; the members are therefore ehaF^res" %•req rsted to come charged that the saae account aay beclosed (êlost).Oartis tS 12 th June 1646.-Deputies anointed »• by' S.G. to preside at nee tin-; ofthe XIX in the Hngu

1646. 3.Minutes of the "Besoignes", in the Hague, of theDeputed Directors of the 'VIC.(3 March-4 May 1646) (WIC.oc.2 )• • •.Lunae 5th March 1646.Mr Ten Hove, by orders of the Chamber of the Maze, has requestedsettlement(voldoening) of their portion in the 90,000gulden, which was found goodd' by the Assembly of the XIX toBrazil, in cash: and so far had been detained by the Chamberof Zeeland out of the gold lately come from GUINEA.Mercury the 14th March 1646.Inventory of the papers handed over by Mr Abraham Trouweuson behalf of the General Rekenkamer.• • • • • •3. Accounts of the 18 ships departed to GUINEA since 31stNovember 1639 to ulto August 1644, to 'ether with a memorandumconcerning the bevinden of the same ships.Saturday the 21st April 1646.It beinrg reported at the As embly that in Texel two privateships are lying ready to sail to the Coast of GUINEA,is found good to write to the Director there that he w i l lhave to look out for those ships coning there, and proceedagainst the same X/ i.a.w. the instructions and order ofthe Assembly Tali»eady of the XIX previously given to him,and in conformity with the Charter and the further Placadesissued by their Ho.Mo. there-against; and that the same shallalso be reported to the skipper of the ship "St Peter" lyingready at Rotterdam.Pesolutions of Chamber Zee land.16^6. ("7IC.oc.26).Nothing of interest.Resolutions of Participants Amsterdam. (7/IC.oc. 17).Nothing of interest.Resolutions of Participants Zeeland. (WIC.0C.37).30th Octoner 1646.Concerning the Coast of GUINEA, is understood that thatshall remain closed in order to be traded by the Coy alone,on the same basis and order as so far practised. Is alsounderstood that the trading of slaves before Ardre & Calbaryshall be taken charge of for the account of the Coy, & tothat end, at the first meeting in the Haag,suitable arrangementsshall be made for the. despatch of cargoes necessarythereto.

4. 1646.Extract from a document in, "Kol.Aanw. W.I.Comp. Aanw.Rademaker. 35."Docket. Proposal for a good regulation in the navigationof Brazil, Angola, GUINEA, and St Thome, BJI madeby those of Aasterdam.Proposal made the 20th October 1646, atMiddelburg.Deputies of the Chief Participants at Zeelandand Amsterdam.• • • • • •Hegarding the Coast of Guinea, (this is verbatim the sameas that noted on the previous page, by the Zeeland Participants,on 30th October 16^6:)

1646. 5.Copy letters from the XIX of the WIC. to the Gold. Coast. 1646.(Letter Book. '.7IC.oc.10)•(1) To the Director,van der WEL, on the The 21st,& postscript datedNorth Coast of Africa. 25th Beeembep July 1646.Honoured &c,Our last to the late Director, Jacob Ruychaver, was dated6th July 1645, since which have departed from here the ship"Haerlem", from Amsterdam, on theSent by the 2nd December, and the ship "St Pieter""Eendracht" departed from the Maase, on the nth May last;26th July 1646. but we could not write by them becausethis Assembly has not met since theprevious October. Meanwhile have successively come to ourhands the letters sent hither from there by the ship "Xeelandia",which, "God betert", was wrecked(verongelukt) underEngland on the way home from Engla Brazil, and those whichhave now lately been brought over to us by Director Ruychaverhimself; from a l l of which we have seen and understood thesituation, and the requirements of the trade there on theCoast. Upon which we have found good, by the opportunityof the ship "Eendpacht", from this Chamber, which is lyingready to sail depart thither with a cargo, within a day ortwo, shortly to reply to the principal points in the aforesaidletter; and further to add that which this Assembly findsgood to write to YK. besides.Firstly we have to congratulate YH. upon the appointment tothe charge over our affairs and business there on the Coast,and the Island St Thome, in the confidence that YH. w i l l soquit and exe^t yourself and be careful and vigilant in theaforesaid Direction, that the Company's service and profit,and YH's praise and honour shall thereby increase.And as we can well understand that nothing can be done byYH, in those parts, however great your desire and zeal mightbe, unless you are supplied from here with the proper merchandisein quantity and in due time, we have earnestly requestedand admonished the respective members, each in his turn, toattend to the preparation and despatch of a cargo of f.180,000at the precise time, in accordance with the order drawn up;which they have also undertaken to do and, as stated before,the ship "St Pieter" sailed at the beginning of May last, andthe present one from Zealand is now about to follow. TheChambers of Amsterdam and Groningen, whose turn it now is toequip at intervals of three months (vn drie tot drie maanden)will each also have a ship ready and effectively despatch aship and cargo; and they and a l l the Chambers will in future,

6. 1646.in forming the cargoes, regulate themselves precisely accordingto the Formulas that YH. w i l l please to send us fromthere by every opportunity.It has been painful and vexatious to us to hear of the increaseof the trade of the English, *nd we must acknowledge/ also that the cause of it mostly comes from the fact thatth~t the equipping thither from here, has not been pursued asit ought. Nevertheless it is also now and then without thefault of the Chfnabers, who now, for some time past, havebeen so overburdened with sending assistance to Brazil, andthe fundsW*ft»an) thereby exhausted, that they have also notbeen able to avoid, now and then, availing themselves ofthat which came to their hands and was otherwise destined forthe supply of the 3UINBA cargoes; but as the instructions(wte&ahnii&itiPrfz**) from this our Assembly are p-incip/allydirected (*A***Uo*****«^4r) to devising me ans an; a rermanentbasis whereby both the one and the other w i l l be able to bejroperly assisted (fwaeaeftd**!**) and sup plied, we hope thatthe aforementioned inconveniences w i l l not occur again inthe future, but Ibat tt e + Se? c e e d f ! t n e trade from therew i l l again be e&ployec? aflc that, precisely to the requiredcargoes and necessities.Meanwhile we w i l l commend to YH. the care and foresight tooppose the encroachment of the foreign traders as much Q nd insuch a manner as is possible and practicable, > ither by attractingand accustoming the ACANISTS to the Castle He wlina,or by altering the Rrice List (Marckt brief) on the arrivalof the English o^ foreign traders,- at the aforesaid Castle•"lone without (doing so) also at .the other small places,as had been arranged, so Mr Ruychaver reports to us, beforehis departure; who also reports to us that it had been found-~>od to abandon the port of CORMAWTIJM (because the inhabi-. tants there incline more to the English than to us) whichcauses us some objection and. scruple, as the English w i l lnow have a better opportunity to establish themselves there.Nevertheless, as stated above, we .-.ill, regarding this, relyupon YH to do therein, according to opportunity ^nd circum-.stances, as you shall think advisable for the best serviceand profit of the Company. We recommend only the goodtreatment and allurement(aanhaling) of the ACANISTSâs muchas can be allowed, especially the new ones out of the v i l -

1646. 7.also we find objection to diminishing the garrisons too muchat any of the most important places where there are fortifications,such as ACHYN which, it is recommended by Mr Ruychaver,could be guarded by 8-10 men. The reasons that persuadeus are because, at present, the Portuguese have nearlyeverywhere

81 1646.a close and sharp look-out on the actions of the inhabitants thepethere in receiving and despatching any foreign ships or yachtswhich address them at unauthorised(verkeerde) places: but thatYH also give orders to a l l our ships yachts or vessels to attackand, i f possible, capture the aforesaid Portuguese vesselswhercever they find or encounter them, our reason for it beingnot only the or en hostility done to us by the Portuguese inBrazil, Angola, Marangaon and St Thome itself, in their firstrevolt, to the damage of many millions, but also that the lastagreement with the inhabitants of St Thome clearly providesthat they shall deal with no other ships or nation but withthose of the Company; which has been sufficiently violatedby them in this. And in order so to have the Island St Thomeat once completely under our authority, we recommend YH todirect your enterprises in that direction in order, at someor other opportunity, the earlier the better, to seize (bijden kpp te vatten) the Carvalihes and others (who openly declarethat at the opportunity they would hold nd let themselvesbe employed as faithful subjects of the ..in T of Portugal),and send them over by the first departing ship, or firstkeep them for a long t i ne at the Castle DEL LfilNA. That YHshall also give orders for the further denolition and razing V>of the Portuguese Fort; and, in order to cut off from those -T^remaining at St Thome 1 a l l opportunity of which they might ^take advantage for interloping,

the least suspicion, w i l l be able to watch the actions ofthe Portugese and give advice thereof to the Captn Commandant,for which purpose they ought to be able to readand write, in order to keep a Journal; for which YH w i l lplease give orders, the sooner the better.Of the Island Principe, it is also reported to us thatin November last a Castilian yacht had been there with theintention, after some trading, to return there and to establisha fortification; upon whiwh an attempt was made byour men with the Portuguese at St Thome, and the yacht"Nieuw Fnchuysen", sent there to see if they could captureit. What ensued hereon we must await, but we see from thisthat we ahall have take that island into consideration, forif tfee- Castille or Portugal came to establish themselvesthere, it would come greatly in our way. IVe must thereforethink over it betimes now the opportunity has been -riven usby Portugal.The trade in the Blacks, at the respective places underYH's Direction,ought to be maintained in vepy every way,and the traded slaves firstly brought nowhere else but toSt Thome, for which YH . . i l l lack no means as now the cargoesfro..i the respective Chambers are following", complete indue time.Nevertheless shall be continued in the sending, by eachship, of ergo for the Island St Thome according to therequirements of the inhabitants, liice as also is going bythe present ship, and what discrepancy there is in it fromthe new Formula w i l l be sup Hied at the next opportunity;which, as also the aforesaid slaves, YH w i l l have traded,there against sugar, at the best possible price, neverthelesstaking regard that the inhabitants are able to subsistand have no cause of complaint; the more so as they showthemselves otherwise willing to trade a l l their eerg sugarto the Company by way of contract. Therefore if they havemore sugar than the cargo and the slaves brought there amountto, YH. c n Jive orders to take over the same fromcthem at a certain price, provided they acre paid for thesame with the following cargo, or with bills on people inthis country. And as regards erecting a certain warehousein the town t St Thome for the storage of the sugar, whichcMr Ruychaver reports to us could be done for a small sum,we will send YH. our resolution by the next opportunity.The large boat, to s^rve for the speedy lading of ships,will be provided by the Chamber of Amsterdam, which is doingthe next equippage thither.And in order to serve the inhabitants with better kindsof sugar, we shall write to Brazil by the first opportunity,

10. 1646.the revolt being checked as we hope w i l l happen on the arrivalof the succour sent by us, to see whether they canm-ke any quantity theê- and then send i t from there toSt Thome.Coming to - °rticular matters, we say firstly that we havefound the return cargoes of both the "Fendrachts" to be inconformity with the bills of lading.Only a certain parcel of 8796 lb tusKs, traded since(sicmeaning before ) 9 YH's Direction, in Rio de Rey,Cameronis andGabon we may well allow (lijden) be sent over here at once(met eenen): the neglect of which, although done withoutYH's fault nd n by order of cJir Ruychaver, we neverthelessmust admonish you, in order that in future no return cargoeswhich are ready at the departure of ships be kept there inorder plaatse te bergen; especially not lor such bad reasonsas those which were not c r in YH's accounts: which could neverthelesshave been done and we could, anti: .e have availedourselves of the return cargo.-The mistake in some of the cargoefron N.Holland.-. ...The contraband goods found in the aforesaid ship, it appearsto us, ought not to ha,ve been released on the si.np.le statementof seamen: and i f it was done becausp those goods hadbeen --=>li0Wrc! by the Chamber from which the ship sailed,do not know why the owners no., receive back th goods beforehaving to satisfy the Fiscal. In future YH i. i l l please notrestore again an- goods unless it apr < rs by le tter or documentfrom the Directors of the Chamber from which the shipsails that the one or the other has been alio*'' d to takesomething with him, and i f this does not appear, to adjudicateand "benefici' • n" the sane ;ooc.s, sniy as is proper, onlykeeping separate account thereof. But if a permission appears,YH can comply with £% such order, but n'/erthelesstransmit the same o r ^ f or a copy of it to us.We very gladly learn that better gold is now coMin* down,and as the careful supervision of i t and confiscation ofthe adulterated is the cause of it, Th w i l l please to continuein the supervision, otherwise the frauds «ill epe»kat once bre k out againV""—;—— •—" JThe recruitment of soldiers for GUINEA and St Thome, forsending 50 by each ship (as hats been followed *ith "St Pieter"only that, through scarcity of soldiers, 2,3 seamen were included)we shall continue as yet, although the Chamber Zeelandis afraid that it w i l l not be able to provide the aforesaidnumber, whether soldiers or sailors, in this presentscarcity of men. But what is lacking in it can be suppliedby the next °nd we shall take care to engage as many " s c h i l -dcrgasten' 1 from time to time as is possible for us.A "roey fregatte", in place of the yacht "Reaal" is beingsent by the Chamber of Amsterdam,by their ship "H'erlem".

As regards the vietuals, the Chambers w i l l take care infuture that fresh and good are always sent; and it appearsto us that the issue of one engel gold per week in placethereof is too much. Nevertheless YH must use the storeaccording to situation and state, --nd in that connection,consider whether the victuals cannot be made to last longerby the Company's own men, by catching fish or sowing andplantin? crops, which we would be glad to hear was receivingYH's attention.- The mistakes about the medicines -A good pastor the members have undertaken to previse dotheir best to provide, v.ho we hope w i l l follow by the nextship."'tWapen van Medenblijck" which YH is expecting, departedfromM here for Brazil in May last, and according to ordersfrom the Chamber of North Holland, will sail from there toYH's Direction.About the Island St Thome, of which we have before spokenin more detail, we also observe from the afon named reportof the l^te Director Ruycha-er that the men could be issuedthe same ration as is eesepvee 1 in the manner hitherto observed'onthe Coast of Guinea, the half,"beter coop", asnow is done in victuals, or in Guinea, in gold. On this wehave found good to instruct YH to have trial made of it atthe first opportunity, having them given the va.xue of fourrulden in merchandise in order to barter it to the peoplefor victaels. We w i l l nevertheless take care that theStore is and remains provided with bread ~nr salt for asuitable *friod.We have observed broils between the Chiefs an the IslandSt Thome, namely the Capfcain-Co aTrndant Mulder, and CaptnLourens Jacobsseri and as we consider it necessary to keepa competent person in the military on that island besidesthe Captn-Commdnt, in orders in c a se of the latter's death,*o keep matters in order and we have good testimony aboutL Jacobsz, YH w i l l endeavour to r e m w 'those mietmderstandingsand let L JLacobsz continue in his service.But like-.ise, as the trade on that island is increaseingdaily, and at present everything yet depends solely uponC.J°nse Hasenberch from whom we have not so far receivedthe greatest satisfaction, YH w i l l please to make further• enquiries about his capacity and competence and furtherdispose thereon according to finding, as shall be properfor the service of the Coy. without respect or simulation.We are surprised at the great mortality among the negroesbrought by the yacht Fortuyn from the Bight to St Thome,vizt, 36 out of 196, especially having regard to the shortdistance: but however that may be, we admit that we arenot without suspicions about it, that the remedy,whetherit was deethsactually, or fraud, must be thought of in11.

12. 1646.every way. Regarding fraud, YH w i l l please to providefor it in a special article in the skippers' instructions.The above is as much as we have found good to instructyou upon from the afreoenamed report of Mr Ruychaver. .Vew i l l now come to reply to YH's letter of gist December 1645,the contents of which ve find to have been for the most partsufficiently answered in what is noted above, so there remainonly a few points to say to it.As regards the victuals in the ships going thither, wherethe skippers "nun personagie mede weten te speelen" and refuseYH them, you may henceforth rely upon the lists,bothfor the ship and the shore, which we shall send you in thesealed letters, and assure yourself that nothing from eitherof them w i l l be touched or used; from which then you can alwaysmake sure of what the ships have consumed on the wayor w i l l s t i l l have need of for the further vo. age eitherby way of Brazil or from Guinea, and if necessary take offthe rest.We learn with pleasure that ilendrick CAARxiOF is vigilant fin the charge placed upon him and is watchful of our service,and you w i l l please encourage him more -nd more i n itand give him such help that he may find, the less opposi-3J^*?/ tion in his service, and that " 'ninoncri-e" may entirely cometo an end; otherwise we find how it a l l happens very suspiciouslyhere and that much is s t i l l done therein: likewise aswe trust w i l l have been detected there in the ship "St Peter"from the Maase and in this pe-rare' no less attention paid;but, as we have sai^ before, restitution must not be done soeasily sga any more.We are glad to^ see that YK so pertinently advises us ofthe arrival and the trade of the English there on the Coast,against which we know of no other means than to despatch thecargoes required nd decided upon precisely up to time andcomplete; but i f we come t«,aear "nythi-g of their fittingout and buying up of cargoes mve in this country we shallnot fail to notify YH on opportunity, in order to be on yourguard Umr

1646. 13.you w i l l regulate yourself precisely in accordance with the"Articuvll Brief", or place the same at our disposal....eantime, we have also perceived, with approval, the neworder devised by YH for keeping the books -nd accounts fromthe beginning of your administration, on which you w i l ljlease often keep an eye,so that everything is put clearly,and send us a copy of them every year precisely, which weshall 'lso expect of the monthly pay books: but as we findthat the accounts, namely of the monthly ray, on the Coastthere are only signed by the factor (coop man") or clerk(commis)who keep those books, this is also our order that henceforthno account of a person under your Dirction and authorisedby YH '..ill be accepted unless it has been inspected and signedby you, as is done in Brazil by the High Councillors.The quantity of 600 lb. powder required by you by each shipwe think rather much, seeing that there can or ought to belittle consumption; also at tie previous Assembly only up to100 lb. was agreed upon; nevertheless, we w i l l increase itsomewhat. But in case you found yourself in need of it you-an make use of a good supply from the arriving ships, especiallywhen they go home from there by way of Brazil, asthey ca.n then get their recpuirements out of the magazine.Fconomy and the forbidding of salutes and a i l unnecessaryconsumption is highly recom.uen.. d to YH.Coming back to St Thome, we have s t i l l this to say, thatin case you have to send away the Garvalios -=nd other personsin subordination, consi erattion ought immediately to beriven to the mills of the .wiser icordia, and otherwise,on thatisland that h'-ve fallen to the Company by tr.e conquest of thesame. You w i l l have to enquire closely into everthing andadvise us of your findings.The broils, incited from the side of the Cap tain-Commandant,over the placing of th't island \nd.er the direction ofyour district we have gladly seen are now quieted; likwwise'r .folder also writes us th-^t . ence forth he w i l l be agreeableto it, the letter herewith, that he w i l l give effest to YH'sorders on that iftEnCrr- ^-— •—-~ ^ I ilie have fu -the" seen the request in your letter about thesalary to be received by you in your present charge, andh Q ve found good to fix the same at the sum of f.300. a month,as your predecessor, .r Ruychave- received. The :ther j artof the request, about the lime ûice, is s t i l l held up.And as regard- the proposal to go once a year to the islandSt Thome to give the necessary orders there on the Company'sbusiness there, we ha~e found good to ie?.ve to your discretion:we will only recommend you not to leave the Coast butfor important reasons and in the most convenient season.Rerarding the ships, which way they w i l l have to returnhither in f'Uupe, o 1 -' 1 * resolution is that when there are twotogether a-d/can obtain^ their full 1 dings at St Thome, they

14. 1646. •may be sent " -idi'ioict'-re" from there hither (without crossingto Brazil), but i f only one ship it must go to Brazil,according to previous order, so as to be able to leave incompany of other ships.The good testiaony which you give of the Vândrich causesus to apt rove the improvemnent made; but not to give -ny"consequentie" as the Articul Brief says that no improvementof pay may be granted to any one without promotionor °leration of charge. We have found good to change histitle and henceforth to let him be called the Commander ofthe Soldiers.You w i l l please no more to make the allocation of the gold,tusks, or any other return cargoes from there, but to consignthose goods, a l l and cve-ytime, o the Assembly of thef (no signaturesP.S. 7/h"t h a been said here before -oout line ûice, wehave since " 'eresu.mer rt", and chiefly consi ered that thatmatter is now of another character thanwhen the same wasfirst permitted to^ +he Directors of the Coast, because theships at that tlmex"(ten naasten bij) came ov- ^pty, andnow they obt'in their ladings of sugar **t St Tho ne witS inBrazil- so that the Company is considerably prejudiced bythe bringing over of the lime juice. Nevertheless, in or-^lo encourage you, we hf ve allowed you to send over ^nnu^llythe quantity of 60 firkins (varc/.ens) or half "leggerfli"", tobe divided,acco~din? to old custom, trre half for us,the otherhalf for you.•"P have also arranged for hc i p-ynent of your -ccount off.1,210: 8 strs. earned by you as Fiscal, and the amount w i l lbe settled by the Amsterdam Chamber.The High and Secret Council of Brazil ha? no*., on two occasions,orened the gold chest there and t-^tn out a goodparcel of gold, which displeases us, -

1646. 15.(2).To the Director The 13th December 1646. In Den Hage.van der WEL.Honoured etc,Yours dated 1st June 1646, per ship "Haerlem", came to uson 14th inst. ... Ve T learn with regret from it of the unhealthinesswhich has befallen our officers and soldiersthere, but for the supply of factors and particularly ofdeceased soldiers and sailors %hepe is ?oing a good recruitment;besides this, the ship from Ironin ;en, seconding therecruitment from Zeeland, the ship "Eendracht" w i l l come toyou by this opportunity. V/e wish we had received the advicesomewhat earlier, we wou-ud then have resorted to a l l possibleme^ns to have completely supplied the deficiency representedby you, which we intend to do by the next ship in turn.Meantime we recommend you to use every exertion to keepthe Blacks devoted and to resort to all means imaginablethat the English may be prevented in their design and thatthey cannot make any lodges in the river of Benyn beforeArbo, as we see from your letter that you are afraid of.For we are assured that where the English take root, itcomes to rewound (redunderen) to the considerable injury ofthe Cor.iT any's trade, as they are only out to nake the Company'straders suspect ana 1 small, and themselves great withthe Blacks; which must be pursued by our people with thesame like "minees"; wherefore we commend the same to yourvigilance.As regards your complaints that some sorts of cargo aretoo bad an^ so IF too small or are not sent, the scarcity ofsmall vessels, a- also the necesaries required for the re¬pair of the warehouses, as also ships' carpenters and othernece sary "trein" persons, »/« are at present seriously en-?aged about it to make good arrangements for everything &to bring both the Co st of Guinea and the annexed factoriesfrom SERA Lions to CAPE DI uJS, and the Island St Thome ona better and regular footing of trade in the future, so thatby a regular trade we shall be able to jrevail over ourcompetitors 'nd to draw the Blacks to the service of theCompany and to the injury of those opposed to us; and torestore the trade to prosperity, whe eby everything, bothtrade and the former lax equipment, shall be made vigorousagain, and the Blacks more and more encour-ged to bîngdown their gold from their country: for which discretionand good correspondence gives great opportunity (occasie).To the ?ood quality of lijnwaten, sheets, and carpets regardw i l l be taken in the future and your factories placedbeyond complaint, so that the English may be prevented fronplucking the fruits which we consider should best come to us.

16. 1646.The difficulties which you advise us "bout the sl-vetBPde, because of the present bad situation in Brazil, wew i l l hope that the succour already sent and to be sentw i l l forestall your fears, and that Brazil w i l l shortlytake more slaves than it has done for some tine. '."hereforewe recommend you to keep the slave trade i n t&g3£ n •and to send the bartered slaves to St Thome, and/Wnlchmight remain unsold might be kept there or at some otherisland t i l l further opportunity, in order not, in courseof time, to be deprived of them by foreigners; for whichwe shall by (very oiportunity continue to supply you withthe merchandise necessary for that trade, so that notonly St Thome may be supplied with its competent number,but Brazil also and elsewhere will profit by it; but weunderstand that St Thome refers to h•ve Ardr; and Calbaryslaves in their service. We

1646. 17.shirs very c-refully watched for, - nd to keep any ship or;yachts in order to pursue and seize that ship and to sendher to Brazil, so that the proper proceedings .nay be takenagainst her there; which order is not given in order to diminishyour jurisdiction but because of the convenience ofthe voyage and other reasons, based ob the circu.nsta.nces ofthese times.It appears to us that Commander Mulder is so newhat displeasedabout the order given hia by us to act under yourgovernment, but we do not doubt that he w i l l learn fromyour discreet orders to acquit himself of hie duty and serviceof the Company, and obey them accordingly, which weexpect from h i n ^ ^ ^ _ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ p ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ _ ^ ^ ^ _- The ship "Bendracht" from Zeeland ha aire-dy been despatchedwith - good cargo to that Island, as also a shipfrom Groningen.-- By the next opportunity further arrangements will slealso be made to strengthen the garrisone there and providethe necea sries askec" for for trade victauls and ammuaition. -- They will endeavour -nd h-ve always kept in view, topersuade the old servants to serve on the Coast "-nd at StThome.-- They understand from Commander .Mulder-that he would be^ble to obtain there a ôod supply of beasts, pigs, and. "farinha",which we consider would be serviceable for those in Braziland in Guinea: for we would see nothing better than thatour conquests could supply each other with what is necessary.We will give this also into consid ration at Brazil and recommendthe t r i a l . -

18. 1646.(3) To the Directorion Hage, the 15th December 1646.the Coast of Guinea.Honoured, etc,After we h"d closed -.nd dispatched our accompanyingletter of the 13th instant we have resolved for variousweighty reasons, to instruct you that in futfcne and t i l lfurther orders you \,.ill send the ships from Guinea to theIsland St Thome with such a quantity of gold as shall beready from time to time in orcer to take in as .auch sugaras can be obtained there, with rders that those ships,whether they are one or two in number and whether there iscargo at that island or not, shall come hither^"adroaaûre"J***: 1 -/^ without sailing to Brazil, as hes been done hitherto; andour instruction to you on 21st ouly last is altered andcancelled.The sergeant at Fort Nassau has requested us by lettersent herewith, to be promorited to the vacant j lace ofVaandrich; which moves us to authorise you, on this occasionand without any right to claim it : in future, tof i l l that placed there; and in doing so, to pay specialTird to that sergeant's claims.

1646. 19.Letters from the Gold Coast to the XIX. WlQ. (WIC.o.c.ll).•(1) Copy letter,unsigned (van der 7/el) to the XIX. ' , T IC.2nd April 1646.Honourable, Honoured, Worshipful, Wise, .rudent, Very DiscreetSirs,Honourable Sirs,Cur last letter to YHH was 21st December last, when the Hon.Mr Jacob Ruychaver departed with the ships "Feneracht" of Amsterdamand of Enchuijsen, copy of which you w i l l find in theannexures; which ships' return cargoes consisted inMk.1,429:6:12 eng. gold and 3,158 lb. elephants tusks for thegeneral account; besides Mk.ll:7:2-£ eng. gold, 20,068^ lb.tusks, and 213,035 lb. grain, consigned to the AmsterdamChamber for the account of their yacht "Posttaert".These shies sailed with the intention of calling at theIsland St Thome and to take everything off that served forreturn cargo; where, -ccording to advice received by theyacht "Visscher", they shipped 22,439^- Aroben sugar (Note."Arroba", arobe, a weight of thirty pounds in Portugal:Michaelis, Port- r 'ng. Dictionary), and so left there on 11thFebruary in ho T es of arriving at Brazil at a suitable timeto sail home with the first-going fleet. God Almighty grantthat we may hear that everything has duly come to handlAnd as this opportunity again offers, we. have not failedto make re; ort how things have gone on the Coast since the""ep-r + ure of the last ships. We therefore begin from wherewe left off in our last, namely that Vie did not yet know whatthe English ship had brought (on which Mr Branton had beensuper-crgo and had died on the voyage out), which arrivedbefore CORJJANHJN on 20th December. But we afterwardsunderstood that she had not brought the least Coast c^rô,but some timber, stone, and lime for the use of tig FnglishFort, without however being of the same Company/frem whichMr MOLGRAVE comes. The intention of this ship's voyagewas to sail with her attendant chaloup to Calbary to see totrading a quantity of slaves there, and to bring them toBarbadoes to retail them for cotton, indigo, or sugar; aboutwhich she departed fro a COitMANTIJN on 24th December. Sincethen, various such ships and yachts have appeared he~e fromEngland and Barbadoes to drive that slave trade, none ofwhich brought any Coast cargoes of value; which is extremelysurprising: so that the Company suffers no damage in thatrespect, but they extremely seek to trade tusks on'the QuaQua Coast and the Bight, which our yachts, sent there afterwards,lose.

20. 1646.With reference to this natter, we are concerned how theEnglish make their voyages as before stated, and we cannotomit to point out to YHH that we ought to be able to try &penetrate into thti trade (handeling), with a small ship of120-130 tons (last), to be sent hither from home f u l l ofa coast, cargo, and after having brought it to us, to be dispatchedon that voyage, when it could be relied on to makea good voyage for the Company, i f it did not suffer td>omuch mortality among the slaves; for the cargo would not costmore than f.4,000. which we already have here for the numberof 300 slaves. I have, on various oocasions, been informedand also, out of curiosity, asked the English traders howthey retail their slaves there, who have declared to me, andthey mostly a l l agreed with each other, that for each slavethey obtain 120 lb. indigo or 2,000 lb. cotton, or IS 1,600to 1,800 lb. tobacco. In the event of YtLI being pleased toresolve upon this, the sooner the better, as I fear we shallget swallowed up (vercropt) in beans, which undoubtedly liehere spoiling: because they have need of so few slaves atSt Thome and in these times the slave trade at Brazil mayeasily be renounced (afgesw^rden); but, as yet, we shallsend some to Brazil as we have the opportunity. The voyageto Barbadoes could, I consider, be done in 10-11 months.Factors who have knowledge of indigo, sugar and cottdmought to co ne with that small ship. The slaves could alsobe transported to New Netherlands.From one of the aforenamed slavers I have bought two pipesof Madeira wine because we had no wine at a l l for the sickand others on the Coast, and paid .4k. 1: oz.2: eng.4., whichwr hope YHH w i l l not t"ke amiss, as the sick always need it.As also for the payment of the yachts which rove in theBight, and for other needs, and for extraordinary expenseswhich are made on the change in the go•/ei-nrncnt, and whichmust s t i l l occur, I have had to make myself indebted to theGeneral Account for Mk.30. gold, of which already about:4k.12. has been paid out to the King and A^m»IST Cabeseros,and other necessary payments. TTenope YHH w i l l approvethis, which we try to keep do..n as much as possible. Theimportunity which the 31acks daily employ in begging fromus is too great; but i f we do not open our hands accordingto their good pleasure they make so bold as to say thatthey w i l l seek other friends, thereby denoting the foreignnations, with whom %hey w i l l to spend their gold. Forthese and other persons we considerations, we -re obligedto take the way of present-giving.'.Vhat further concerns the situation and state of the Englishhermit is such that most of the cargo that i£rGRAVE brought to COEÂNTIoN on 30th November last has re-

1646. 21.realised a reasonable profit for his masters, except his l i j -waeten and boatmens' knives. He has, besides us, continuallysoldhis li^waten a 136 a pr bende; the boatman's knives at24 doz, where we have given the same at 32 doz. per bende, butwould sell no sheets except the Blacks also took boatman'sknives at that price, of which we were devoid. It has tendedgreatly to their advantage that the ship "Haerlem" that wewere then ex; ecting daily, stayed away so long, otherwisethey would have b;ot very much into a dilemma, as Mr Yrlant'scargo did; and i f YHH could bring about that 3 or 4 of theircargoes consequetutively did not produce mulch it would causethem very much discouragement, whereas now, having recoveredtheir breath with profits, they w i l l not let it stop. I havehad Mr MOiGRAVE, being present here, given notice (i.nsinueren)that if he had -=ny order from YHH for the collection, of outstandingdebts at St Thome, he should arrange to produce thepapers Ibescheyden) about it here, so that I could make theproper arrangements. Mr Molgrave did not appear here, butsent his Pastor (Predicant) nd a Quartermaster, who spokereasonable German in order to learn my intention; but aftersharp enquiry to the purpose, I found he had no writ+en order,but could observe that the intention was to call at St Thomeon the voyage to England; but I gave them warning that ifh ifhe comes ^here in that regard ne w i l l not receive them, forI do not consider it good, in such tines, that many Englishcome to St Thome since the revolt in Brazil broke out andw i l l develop more seriously, as I bexie-/e is the fact. Howhis intentions w i l l proceed remains to be seen.After long delay and daily cooking out for a new ship,therearrived on 28th January last before d'El MYNA the ship "Haer- -M*lem" from Amsterdam, without any letters from YHH, whichbrought a c-rgo, s we find fro a the two several invoicescome with her, to the value of f.144,148:6:8.;bein? surprisedthat such large ships bring so little, as the formulas v 'fpew b sent from here were nevertheless made up to f»ly89f.180.000. The large "gesloopte" chaloup, which comes withher and falls to the further cost of this cargo, makes thewhole consignment (uitgeef) amount to f.153,064:3-.Regarding the condition of the merchandise received bythat ship, we find it is such that praise must be givento the Amsterdam Chamber, especially the copper work, beads,tin and others, which has been dispatched at a good pricein great quantity. But the sheets so bad as never before:the lijwaet only reasonable; the iron too light and unequalin length; the saijen (serges) are v ell made and "geveruitdan" the large quantity in third parts and quarters, andso much ought not to be sent in future (although*: I believethey cost somewhat less than the whole parts) as the Blacks

22. 1646.dislike (tegen stacke) them very .much, and give good reasonfor it, for in the interior the same are measured out inyards (met elle) and through the shortness of the pieces theowners assemble many remnants; complaints which tend to in-Jury. In the present price list (markt brief) they standat 2 oz.;8 engels., but in the month of February some appearin the accounts at 2 oz. 4 engels. for we thought to bringthe Blacks to receive half lijwaet and half saiên,to whichthey would not agree as a great quantity of lijwaet rem- insunsold in the interior (in'ta n d1 ^ 8 U n et h e y t n e r e f o r ebeggedme that they might buy the saijen/at 2 oz.8 eng, which weafterwards allowed them, since the saijen is a merchandisenot to be kept too long because it is very liable to beruined i f -'ood care be not taken in the drying at home; towhich YHH w i l l please to ..'ive attention. In the yacht ""Postpaert" s 1 cargo about six pieces w re spoiled for thereason stated.'.'•'hen, with the arrival of the afore.-, id cargo, we foundourselves reasonably supplied, and some reliable Blacksmade known to us what assortment the rival (partye) was devoidof in the cargoes be had h d, arid that his largestremainder would consist of lijwaet, 5-600 iron rods andtww eases saijen, we therefore thou ;ht good icr the Company'sbenefit, to withdraw tb< price list (markt) jso that we shouldnot. undersell this costly cargo agains the little that thatparty has; but we are confident that through inducement (inductie)of the English, the Blacks art partly holding upthell* ôld, as they spre d i t about that they are daily expectinga shir Ar 7 yacht and thtn w i l l abundantly undersellagain,whieft eiHsea sewe over -.hi^h/" ni -r hrnrln i umihtyt lnetLKII'I gout ML biafrcrAcn". The Blacics rreatly complain thatthere is so little demand for the goods in the-interior,which in these times comes v r y i l l with regard, to the soberreturn cargo that would h~ve fallen with the ship "Haerlera"if she. had departed from here on 1st April in order to IOOKout. for the second fleet in Brazil, because t e a-jcounts musthave been closed in the middle of- inarch. But/Se^-e! aboutMc.550. in the chest,of which Jk.b3:7:4-l engels. paid to theyacht "Postpaert"'s r sidue account accorcing to estimateover and above the monthly pay and the "ik.3o\aken'out by'meas before stated. About this a resolution was taken to holdup the ship "Haerlem" u n t i l the third going fleet dep-rtsfrom Brazil, on the consideration that if we let her ao nowtoo long a time would elapse before we a?ai« shall aâin makea return car=to, for the following ships w i l l not be able todepart from Brazil earlier than with the first fleet in theconing year 1647. Moreover, we are not yet 4 well'assuredwhether i t is advisable to let the ships pass by way of^Braziland in course of time and with the arrival of the ship

1646. 23."Rotterdam", we hope to get orders how to act for the best.Me antime we are waiting for better receipts for the Company'sprofit.That I again touch on the point of the merchandise andtrade, YHH w i l l please understand that the party sought towrest the receipt of gold from us as his liywaet daily continuedat 130 a per bende and the iron at 2£ engels; about \T»which the Blacks trouble us a great deal that we do not fol-' 1low him, which we do not think in the least desirable, andwe are pleased i f he continues so. I trust he w i l l deiartere long.We have paid careful attention to a l l the remaining cargoesentrusted to us and have found that the Chamber of Enchuisenhas last brought to us various cases with curved-pointedboatman's knives which are not wanted at a l l , which thereforeought not to be sent after this. "De differentie in Slesigerof Inlantse tycten en geeft niet dat van d'eene Soort aIsd'andere meer compt, derhaltee met hollantse cont erneren, analhoewel dat duyr comen te staen tot geen hoger prys alsvier engels te(?)' vercopen en daerb.lj sober gefeh(?)" Alsoso well supplied that we shall require none in 2-3 years.Daeronder vee1 onwillige gestreepen, maer somwijlen 100p. geruyte te senden is dienstich voor d'bocht daer -ndersgeen begeert. De Leytse deeckens en is niet practicabeldierder te ve^tieren als 4 engels t' S. is een coopnanschapdie datelijck aen de man moet of d'mot maeckt^ se soo schadeloosdat dan groote verliesen baert. Ick soude wel seggenvan geen meer te senden dan is noodich om d'yerse deeckensdie d'partye in't gemeen mede brenft te doen stutten, grooteen oleine annebaes gelieve U.Ed, voor d^t om schryven nietlaten toecoraen, d'wijl met quantiteyt sijn beset. De turkset~piyten can U.Fd voor een geruymen tijt verschoonen vermitsten uitersten somwijl t'P.voor een ons wert vercocht. Hooped' Swarten met tursxe carpetten sullen laten vernoegen.Alle de sortering van Corael wercken die \vij vdlgens formuliereijsen gelieft U.Fd. doch in't tyts te coop en op daygeen vreemde natie voor U.Fd. rereet syn, want schynen nu welgewilt en tot een goede prijse d'jongste vercocht, d'monsterssoo als behooren te wesen sal U.Ed onder de schipper ThomasHendrixe in een toegeseêlt sackie vinden doch geen violetqestreept quisrelg: noch violette Olivetten t'sy hoe goedekoop cont crygen door dien dees sortering geheel in't voetsant leggen.De staven ijsers met Enchuisen ontvangen worden bevonden

24. 1646.niet meer als 29 P. in't duysent te mogen halen, en dienu met Haerlem gecregen stijf 33 P. welk verschil is grootraaar de dienfetichste syn 31 P. op d:.t Iff.Ed iser door deSwarten in reputatie mach blijven t'geen tot dus lang doorde deucht is geweest alhoewel t'Engelse swaerder als U.Ed'svalt.The tr'ders are beginning so to abserve the quality andthe difference between the English and Holland l*sayen7 en eengroote weersin crygen aangesien d'onse f.16. P. meer netalenniette.min vertrouwe de partye op yder P. soo veel avancementals de Compy, doch geen Engels toe te schicken Is ons wensch.The great quantity of Haerlemmer cloths which have come alreadyand are s t i l l to be expected doet U.Fd aaenschryven vermindertmogen werden, uit vreese tot ons contentement endns,je te gebruiken d 1 Swarten een weersin sullen neemen, dansiende dat voort geraecken sullen ondertusschen tyt vindenmeer te ontbieden het turcx stof is beter jals voor desen hoopop die voet sal blijven te werden jemaect.The sheepskins sent by the "Haerlem" we see cost much morethan previously, therefore have been placed at 3 P. perengel in the price l i s t (markt brief), but there is no demandfor them being so damp and brackish that i f the trice be notreduced a l l w i l l spoil and if YHH c re pleased to send any morethey must be dry to 2C430 dozen in order to make small goldbags of them, as these are dry damp and unsuitable.The French lijwaeten the Hon gentlemen of Amsterdam writeit is not their intention to send "ny more, because each acost A groot higher than the slesiger. I should agree withthis i f the party brought none, but they must necessarilybe continued and £00 ?. s-nt by each ship, and that the moreas the party begins to stick his t a i l up in a strange manneras I touch |mi hereêlf-ter., ,And so that we may come to the end of speaking about themerchandise I have s t i l l this to joint out, that we havefound a discrepancy in "Haerlem's" invoices regarding thesayen, as followsThe people of ACRA, since the departure of the shirs, havesubmit tod themselves to request the English factor ThymenMOLGRAVE that he would employ a yacht in trading beforeCRAA, to which i-iOLlRAvE much listened, but as he had

uflk tfia ^ ^ ^ t r l j ^ d ^Reo^c > ljL££2tf

voorta^meT*^ * t by^de ' h n n ^ t f ' ^ n c ^ ^ n : teefseBappeHcoormanscaa.Tren versorgen, soo iS/naejde saecke ten pestevan de Comp. overwogen te hebberrvhooch nodlieh Lop dat 1a* A * ««»

I1646.27.for a year so that a little can be taken out of each ship"tot vorige Intervallen".We s t i l l observe this, /that we issue to each soldier 10 lb.meat monthly, as this ougt to be eaten being old, calculatedat 6 stv. t e lb. and with it 5 gulden in "cacraes" gold,more to the officers according to each one's rank; as YHHcan see fôm the accompanying list; but to provide it entirelyand to give the soldiers no gold w i l l not come wellhere. Our request therefore is that YHH w i l l please tothe plan made in the calculation whaich you can See in theannexures. We do not doubt that we shall keep the^*3fe he«lthOhealthier as this is not a country where beans and otherhard potspys can be eaten, or it will cause sickness; ^ nd i f*ftflaflMUaUL&*A&J&M&A&&^^ iffig. JAgAt prefeeshment,and so they sell eva^yping.^tffij»Qy^Sj|,tb, fYtilfty^StftBthe body and go about so disgracefully, as l imeers~na ^Reydo at St Thome; and also, we use the worst gold for the purpose,which otherwise would be sent to YHH.The rye meal received by the : fooenamed ship we w i l l tryto consume and have bre n d baked of it; but it comes very inconvenienthere as there are alre.ady two ovens, and we areobliged to keep the large chaloup expressly on^ly to sailto Chama for firewood $hiGh here h">s to be fetched with greatlabour, so th'-t we canae€7ser th^t it w ' l l be much more convenientor profitable, if you will provide us with biscuitin future. And i f you keep to the resolution to provideit, we must then keep at le-st a dozen slaves to fetch firewoodfor the soldiers, which now they .must buy with gold.The ship Haerlem b~oub;ht here 85 eaters from which come off^7 soldiers, 1 factor, 2 assistants, 1 barber, the skipperjs"mate, 3 boys 2 dead, and the cook who must always stay in thekitchen, total 59 "afgangers", so that 26 workmen remain,which, under correction, is too few to handle (regeren) sucha ship, unload^ 40-50 boats, break and fetch ballast whichdemands heavy labour. V. e have r received the large ohnloup, S

28. 1646.dry. When last at Moure we found th't a l l ceilings andbeam braces of the roofs required renewal as i t is fearedthey w i l l fall in. ...The yacht Postpaert from Amsterdam arrived here on 5th.arch last from the Grain Coast & windwaed, with return cargoJ of 207504 lb. 3T.ain;21056 lb. tusks 19-2-8 gold, & Ilk. 1-4-7gold t-aded at Cae Mount by factor leltboer; to which we haveadded Mk.53-7-4^ goldfzthe Postpaert's residue, a l l consignedto Chr. Amst. God grant a safe passage to this yacht th^tdeparts to-day. ...On 15th March arrived yacht Visscher from St Thome withFiscal Hendîck Caerlofs, who handed me the accompanying""report (not noted)- The increase of pay from f.30 - f.40 p.m. to the factoron th? yacht was granted by Mr Ruycnaver. - ...- Mr Mulder is now showing more competence in his letters,• • • • • •******tH*i*lyci*e^jt^t«4» nniTcirr i n rtrm"1rn rim in > tftwCmmm •- the yacht Re-ltje sent to Benyn river for return cargo,not yet. returned, fears so ne disaster to her.- Further as toother yachts -.- Tnconclusion asks that his s-la^y may be fixed, andconsidering the difficulties attached to the direction overSt Thome he does not douht they w i l l treat him in a way that'11 satisfy him. Herewith, &c &c2nd April 1646 at the Castle(nosignature)

1646. 29.(2) Original letter, Fiscal Hendrick Caarlof to the XIX. TEC.21 May 1646.Lectum 3 Xbris 1646.Honble, Hon'd,/Wise, trudent, VeryDiscreit Sirs,Sirs,My last was by the yacht "Postpaert" that sailed from hereon 2nd April. Since then the Almighty God, by the instrumentof the unhealthiness of the Coast, has severely visited us, asYHH w i l l see from the accounts and lists of those s t i l l living.Through the departure of both the factors Cock and Foullonwith Mr Ruichaver, a l l places here remained provided withoutfurther material than by the promotion from junior to senior;thus must factor Coeyemans s t i l l keep both the general andthe garrison books. Meantime we had hoped that ,ve would havegot from home someone experienced in the trade of this Coast,which has not only happened otherwise, but, on the contrary,through the deaths of the factor at Fort Nassbu and of 2 subf actors we are so lacking that we have r em rived(gedestitueert)the factory of COMANY (which s t i l l made no profit because thesmall receipts consisted in Cacquera gold, which, nevertheless,w i l l be brought to Del Myna); but we could by no means properlysupply the vacant places. i articul J rly have we proposeda l l me-^ns possible again suitably to provide the factoryof CRAA (the factor of which has been placed at Port Nassou),but no one found capable to take charge of that trade, exceptwith peril of placing that trade in contusion, because theKingdom of CRAA is ruled by a " Jovc-rnor", against whom haveTlaced themselves the 3 sons of the deceased king, who tryby-ell-means ^ ^ ^ ^ Hby a l l means f'^sii^ble to^p^M~~~~~~~P~~''Wuntrvi^ in orderthereby to deprive that _L'Governor" of_the tolls and "domeynen",and to brina: them under themselves; over which they cause theinhabitants,who hold with the"Governor',' great molestation, andalso openly cause the traders to be plundered of their -old orgoods: and although the community (êmeente) against this haveset up a King, nevertheless he cannot place the Kingdom underhis authority («*to

30. 1646.stand continually in arms against the others. '.Thereforewe must go to work very cautiously with this factory otherwiseit might very easily be ruined. Therefore theCouncil, after ripe deliberation, through lack of a factor,have ordered me \hither, to benefit the trade, whileretaining ray office; and although I waa not a l i t t l e afraidto undertake it through anxiety for YHHs 1 displeasure,yet necessity urged me to i t - although on the other handI feared th^ consequences that it might be taken as anoffence against me - especially as the General gave me f u l lassurance that he would himself exercise such supervisionthat YHH would be satisfied. Therefore I have undertakenthis place from urgent necessity and not in order therebyto abandon the Fiscalship.There are s t i l l 4 senior f actors, at i4yna, at Fort Nassou,and 2 sailing in the Bight, who are ; -slating in their previouslymade applications for leave, ..horn the General, notwithstandingthat it could/fpe"laee great aversion, w i l l heobliged against his w i l l to keep. /lay lod Almighty defendus from further deaths, otherwise the Coast w i l l get into asobe • state, for the maintenance of the garrisons here andat St Thome reajuires quit 80 men, and for the repair of thetimbering Fort Nassou (which timber work has lmoist entirely1 jperished) and otherwise, we are in jreat need of 4-5 ship andhouse carpenters.The ACANTST3, as they get some very heavy knocks with theu-^derpe lli^-r (as this i^-.edi^fiely is done on the arrival ofan English cargo ship^wtog* they ha e spedtlthFir gold ..herebyvarious of them have he come impoverished, have thereforeagreed tha+ they w i l l buy nothing of importance without underselling;so that if the English ex°"1 themselves in thistâde(vaert) (which ay rears fron the expenses they are makingto their Castle -^nd otherwise) and YHH should delay inthetakefix,so become a i l t e stronger to further oppose the Conpany.Therefore i t is very necessary, the sooner the better, to behelped out of this and we must never lack cargoes* for itis already to be feared that the Company , however Treat theexertions, w i l l be ble to receive no - rofits, and throubhlack thereof w i l l never h^ve to expect any again.Actum CRAA the 21st May 1646 in Guinea. herewith &cYHHs' obedieWfUervant,(sgd) Hendrick CAARijOF.

1646. 31.(3) Original letter, Dir. Gen. Van der Wel;, to the XIX. WIC.1st June 1646.Lectum 3rd Xoris 1646.Honole, Hon'd, V.'orshipful, 'Vise, Prudent,Very Discreet Sirs,Honble Sirs,The last ship that departed from here for home (withorders to call at the Island St Thome) was the "Postpaert" fromAmsterdam on 2nd April 1646 last, whiah we hope has brought YHHour letter of the same date, besides the return cargo to theChamber Amsterdam, which consisted in such as YHH can see fronthe enclosed copy letter. And how it has gone on this Coastsince, YHH w i l l please understand ,fr,om the following.In our last we mentioned th~t we feared that the yacht "P.eael" ,as it had remained away so long on the Benyn voyage, would notappear again: but, praise God, she arrived on the 6th April,and brought as return cargo, 5281,2/3 P. small "dryebants" f / 6 u c Jcloths, and 940 P. Arcer ditto, taken off by Jthe skipper of the"Reaal" from factor Dirch Geerlofse, whom, on return, he foundlying,before Arder in the slave tr^de. The delay in %1BS- thisyachts return arose firstly that she had to lie for 8 days inthe mouth of the Benyn river before she could get out, becauseof contrary winds and high seas, so that nearly a l l the crewgot sick. The advices that we get from there, from factorCalberner, are that he complains strongly about the small cargoesthat he gets always gets by the yelchts, which was not tobe remedied through lack with us, especially arm rings whichmust necess-rily be there both for the service of the tradeand for subsistence (li^fs onderhoud); therefore, and as littlehas come to us by the. ship "Haerlem' 1 , the yacht ''Visscher" wassent thitht-." on 9th April to trade the- Bight to obtain tusks.In th't river had arrived, on 11th December 1645, beforeARBO (where our legger also lies), the English yacht underthe direction of Mr Molgrave, in order again to establish alodge afresh there, but the factor and the skipper and chiefboatswain of that yacht shortly afterwards died, and a l l therest of the crew sick and so placed that they could not leave £Mthere; about which they had necesarily to wait for relieffrom Mr Molgrave, who had little op;ortunity for it: but hadto persuade one of the slavers,that h^d been there, to it,which I understand he afterwards effected.

32. 1646.Geerlofse that he had not been able to jet the yacht"Fortuyn"sent away from there to St Thome earlier than the 25th Januarylast, with 196 male and female slaves, in the hopes ofsending them to Mr Rnichaver at the Island, in order to transportthe same to Brazil; which was desired but could not bedone. So that those, and the 162 transported on 9th Marchby Geerlofse from Arder (and none have died) w i l l make aquantity of 358, therein reckoned the 50 collected for theold debts at Arder, which must now already have been tradedat St Thome by factor Hazenberch for sugar, which w i l l producea large sum at 60 "aroben" each, of which I hope theship "Haerlem", that departs thither today, w i l l lade a parcel,with whatever may serve as return cargo; and then continuethe voyage to Brazil, in__cjidjer_J tfl_ajiait further ordersfrom the Regenfs there.I ' M IA ' W h -~-' IN M 1 * I TUO nlBefore I go further with about our situation, I w i l l firstrefer to the situation of the forel m nations, which is suchthat at present! there is no other Ship here than Mulgrave' s,which arri • - ieforf CORMANIIJN on 30th November, and so ha£loitered long without having so far traded his cargo, whichgoes much ut of his calculations, as well as ours; and. forthe space of three months his men, through want of victuals,must live on the country. The most that h f s t i l l has withhim is some 1 ' lijwaet, whiyh sell so badly that he offersIt^Zl them to cks at 130^p'r bendo, and cannot sell them.— He - t i l l h"s ° few saven which he can hardly get rid of not-[unjttl withstanding v e sells them at f.56 the p., out those we havewith us go readily at f.80 the p. If pro instantie (thatc^me here) he had not advanced his ther goods, and we hadhad the ship "haerlem" earlier. I am confid

1646. 3:As regards the Company's trade, it has to our regret gonevery badly since nir Ruychaver's departure, as little gold yhas been brought down by the ACAJISTS in that time, andthey daily complain stoutly that trade in the interior(in'tland) is at a standstill and there is a poor demand for- rftt j» ermm* ingi ' m u s s * fta e *mim-closed.Br3 y SftV 'rV ^LT p ^jry*lft ftl *^^^ffl^fv^W^g v^ sMmram*. H h e r e ^ f *1some gold among the Blacks; but they ar "Very Trfear that an English ship w i l l shortly a2tear vani3"shall then have 'to be prepared to uHe* mtf ^ S I M P I a* fir nfliv 'fttfo^nave" xoxmor-xriaincentive "(treck'ô, hold up their gold, as we suspect- ,ha*'â 8hif by the Ta-lishv""ess, and bta'fitfes t;1 i*ofccnt^TO?i if' r^ comr^ r'ovm'r r ,ii M l i^lHTtir„elso long,' "s Isome goodS^fratf bp h's reCctcbe rOWT* ^n ih^ve need of. it shortly as we are getting vfry much in rs j^T^lmeanwhile, it is to be feared that it w i l l pluck the ripestpears; for the slack equippage by YHH is the maintenanceand prosperity of the foreign nations; and in case YHHdo not provide for 4 ships annually, each with F.180,000cargoes, both for the Coast, slave trade and Bight, I advisethat, the sooner the better, the Coast be farmed outat a reasonable profit to private individuals; for a l l thework so far has gone piecemeal", and often fought against ^5own shadow: but if YHH send cargoes as required, it i s b yfar the best, in my opinion, that it remain with theCompany.fe »re s t i l l reasonably supplied with lijwaet & iron,but with little of other merchandise, and i f any goldcomes down, it will be quickly sold. The last two ships,"Eendracht" of Fnchuysen and "Haerlem" of Amsterdam, broughtus a parcel of bad lijwaeten, especially that come by theEnchuysen "Eendracht", which we hope will be remedied infuture. Likewiase the sheets, so inferior(olijk)thatwe have placed them at -16-18 P. per bende. The Turkey *"carpetten" received by the "Haerlem" are of good colour '-"A,but made much shorter and smaller, which ought to be attendedto so that the demand may continue, in order to receivethe ?ood profit that they give. The merchandise that

34. 1646.wasGod,TO Idsold afterat ihasgoodco."fie down+he last underselling have gone off, thank,price, and slackened only because so little«mimiiii.in«*»«f g ^^HM"^ Igflff ft ft tfl f a >f - * f IT 1liT »h » ~* **** — j * T*mi.m*2fMfcfeHwCagt Uni" fffmr*fn-t«t»nr% ritetfii'ViiT^»-%hPiiJTrîî*i^" aM '^tr^tttfrrwr rivingf'»Tî»HTTivpi

1646. 35.that we cannot take one .nan off her. The Chief FactorCornells Van_djer_Cost x_who gaj; in charge of Fort Nassouw &two capable sub factors have gone the same way, which causes-. », z!ûs much embarrassment in carrying on the Company's service.'He have therefore been obligee: to break up the factory ofC0''fl4tf¥» »a«fr^»rtTiyloy«-Uw

36. 1646.rather young for the further government. That resolutionbein? taken, we s t i l l lack another Fiscal in place of Caarft - a lof, 'to help prevent a l l "vir£licheqen v»n_sm&£ry* » whichn ecannot now well do see in - he is so far away; I have there¬" 1 J fore rrovisionally summoned from the island St Thome the"Auditeur" van Perre, who, the Fiscal assures jne is a serviceableperson* lOte^'Wirfte-wfra*,*. §MmWiikm***4r&ift*f

1646. 37.We beg that a l l the necessaries previously asked for andthose in the accompanying list .nay be sent us. Be assuredthat i f we obtain no naterials to renew with timber,andtiles, ridge tiles and lime, the roofs of the Church andother warehouses in which the ne-chandise stands, much damagewill be caused it, for we find this necessary throughthe heavy rains that fall at this time.We are greatly in need of books, paper and pens, whichshould not be forgotten to be sent by first oôrtunity.The ship "Haerlem", which on sailing out was victualledfor not longer than 9 months, w i l l take longer on her voyage,.We have provided for her crew from here to home, with the *view that i f any disaster is observed in Brazil, she w i l lnot have need of anything; and we have ordered factor Hazenberchto give victuals for those who are sent from St Thome.art fix**&*»~OnW?

38. 1646."Fortuyn" from Amsterdam, by your orders, that a yachtshall continually cruise there to prevent a l l rascalities(folien), but we have understood from Fiscal Caarlofthat the intention was, through Mr Ruychaver's plan, thatmen should be stationed round the Island, and thereby toguard against any foreign ships or yachts arriving. Itseems that another resolution was afterwards taken,and isthe cause that so many tusks do not come to YHH as I hadotherwise thought.If YHH ô not maintain the victory in Brazil and thisbecomes known to the Portuguese at St Thome, the fear is• that o.i-.u Commander Molder some day or other "een cualijk vaartf****/sal overcomen" through the familiarity which he keeps withthat deceitful nation. -I, have now, by letter, begged himto beware of i t as much as he can, but over YnHs' absolutewishes that he should ke p himself within his Fort, it isin my opinion necessary to order him. We, on the contrary,•kGM* a .abac lu t e Igr aia jaaaWefr l&j&S»&P*&&tk3* ^tiaSLa&^tSfcjJiP nh^^L?ri>ace£.>>th8i /neir "schoon e. nhlanf' 4#^fot.. a.^r^^^gA^,^,.rare therefore: afr- 'many men. w ; e_ca .Q*ai> iaafisuio i •iassp-ftya ahfto ra^-fr^ ^ ship,;.relied-. . 0 ^ 0 ^ 0 1 ^ ^ :^r,^£&f\^ m^ l^^^ c^ a 9 %- To carry on +rade in proper stile on that island, herecommends t l ^ e ^ a ^ . ^ t w n t ^ t ^ i l j j ^ •fTMh^fi" 1vjhHfl&Bwytttacs «iext home oaiife.Ttojai«MflKiîS*Scnksupon it) that the j\ing of ,>%^Nassouw into his hands.,' buA_iit from res: ect for the Coapa•chance for it (als anders cane KI ii^suei ; . .serves as a warning to YHH- and request that 'such ..en may besent as in the accompanying iet list. To-day received -advice from Hogenhoeck (Fo-t Nassouw) that he had no morethan 10 healthy men at the Fort.The Vaendrig, Louwerens Fiddelerus is also among thosewho have died. He leaves a widow born at del Myna of' a

1646. 39.Portuguese and a mulatto woman, He leaves e wieew kern atdel Myna and a child one year old, and as by his last Willhe has appointed me guardian of the child, I hope YHH - w i l lallow the orphan to come to its own on the accounts of theVaandrig's salary sent to you.- The Vaandrig was a good servantof the Company in his lifetime. It is necessary tosend by the first opportunity a capable man as commander overthe military in his place, whom we w i l l wxpect and appointno one here.In my letter of 21st Decemberthat the Fort AXEM (because ofdraws from it) does not requirekept there h'iTh e rto; and as we> ?men and we are more concerned w1645 I expressed the opinionthe little profit the Companysuch a garrison as has beenfind curselves so deprived ofith the .-ood garrisoning ofdel Myna and Fort Nassouw, we h avfe, by resolution of Council,withdrawn men from there except for twelve*, where previouslythere used to be thirty, whom w e shall employ at del Myna &Moure: but i f YHH desire a stro nger garrison, this should bemade up by sending men.- Begs that everything asked for in all these letters maybe sent as soon as possible, bo th merchandise =nd men.-- Factor Jeremias Looten dangerously i l l with country sickness.-• - Considers the samples of beads need not be sent thistime. Thereon.-Castle St Jorge El Myna,1st June. 3uHerewith £c,(s ad) J.v^n a-~ Tel.(4). Original better. Van der"Lectum, 6th De cumber 1646. 'HonbleWel to WIC. 5thHon.Hond. ac.1646.Sirs,To-d^y a letter came to my hands from Mr TymonMulgrave, English factor lying with his ship "Hope" beforeCORMANTUN. He reports that he intends to depart to Englandwithin 3 or 4 days; therefore I cannot omit to make"this short, necessary report.On 1st instant the ship "Haerlem" of Amsterdam departedfrom here with a remittance (remis) of Mark 808. oz.7. 2* encr.?old & 12,936 lb. elephants* tusks, with express orderscautiously to call at St Thome (and if everything found incrood order) to load sugar and further cargo occurring, as

40. 1646.shall be shipped by Comn nder Mulder & Factor Hasenberch."e trust that she w i l l have found a good supply r e ^y, a Rthe yachts "Fortuyn" and "DolphjhVJ according to advices receiver1 per yacht "Read" (which has arrived from Benyn),transported 3££ slaves, men and wo aen, from Arder and havingmissed Mr Ruychaver at St Thome, they w i l l have beensold at the Island which, i f none have died, w i l l producea sum of 21,4R0 "aroben" at 60 "nroben" each. Her skipper,Syraon, has been ordered to lie at St Thome t i l l the lastday of July, at latest, and then with the iniaden to s a i lto Brazil in order to depart from there with the last goingfleet of this year. Jod Almighty grant that YHH may seethe "eturn cargo. I wish th remittance twu&f) in gold0 uld hrve b«en Ir.rger; but trade haa lot ; been at a standst i l l with the Blocks, so that the sober receipts havehit not only us b^ V ish nation.Ourfurt.her afflictions YiLi w i l l learn of from the letter£ given to iynona; but w i l l say this, that since 1st Marchto date, w< have been smitten by the hanc of Jod with the[yU*tn death of ll> rersons, and that with the sickness, mostly offc** • J one kind; healthy-and 'e-d within 6 or 7 days. You w i l lp.r-se consider how wc arc placed: a ne- 1. i l l the"treyn gasten" have died. One chief factor", 3 sub factors,-"' ' and 2 assistants have iie gone. - Therefore has tr nsferredChief factor Hogenhouck froa» Craa to >brt ..assouw, &Hendrick Caarlof sent to Jrna A-c (as in 1 t letter)-- f Irig Fiddelerus. - t: y sendingof the assir.1 nee asked for in his last letter*•Your L s

1646. 41.(5). Copy letter (unsized. Van der '.Vel) to the XIX. 'VIC.14 August 1646." Copy" . Hon.Hond.Worshipful.'Vise . Prudent. Very DiscreetSirs.Honble Sirs,My last to YHH was 1st June last per ship "Haerlem"of Amsterdam, which then carried a epj?ge return cargo ofMk.808: oz.7: eng.2^-., and 12,936 lb. elephants' t'isks whichI hope you w i l l have duly received. The instruction to thecommander of that ship was that he should, with every precaution,call at St Thome to take off everything that mightserve as return cargo and then proceed on the voyage to Brazi l in the confidence that Messrs the Regents would despatchthat ship to sail-home in the shortest time; but afterwardsreceived advices from St Thome that the ship " iote Cristoffel"chhrtered by the Chambe" Zeeland had been there* and by orderof Commander Wilder had carried away 151,195f "aroben" sugar.Truly the "dristof f el" ae need not have lain at wortc (fee we fit-oloyt) for so much time for transporting thai sugar for ourintention always \a to send the ships that depart from hereto that island, to take off return cargoes. It is indeedtrue that YHH dsire this, ;& *e ,see-.on rjhe j^rri ? 1

42. 1646.reports, a good assortment of everything. This vexed usextremely for, as said before, most of the Company'smost current merchandise had been spent (verschoijt),but, on the 4th "incluys", when I w=s at Moure 1 for i n spection of the Fort Nassouw and other necessary matters,I received letter of 3rd July that the ship "St rieter"from Rotterdam had arrived before d'el Myna, which, althoughI found s t i l l much to do at Moure, urged me toproceed cuickly to windward; which I did at night betwtween the 4th and 5th ditto, together with factor Lotenand reached the ship "St Pieter" before^'el Myna in themorning; where no other letters were handed to me by theskipper but on behalf i f the Chamber of the Maze generallyand Vrespctive" from the Hon gentle.aen of Rotterd|nj; besidesa short letter from some Deputies who v.ere/m theHague, that one or two ships had been conditioned (geschapen)on the pa^rt of the Crown of SWEDEN to come to thisCoast. It. is, und-r correction, strange, that I receivedno letter fro a the Assembly of the XIX therewith, and punctualorders riven how we should act on the a r r i v l of theseships ( W * ^ u&un. *c*s>**- 7>fH

1646. 43.on board got more at various tiroes, who afterwards filed information(proponeert eysch) at the meeting of Council and,by a majority of votes, a l l such goods were confiscated namely,1/3 for Company, 1/3 for Fiscal, and the remainder for thepoor; from which was got (geschapen) Mk.15: Eng.2. This h a sgiven a bad blow for "chineesen" in these parts, but we have ^fc^jvlnot been able to catch everything as YHH w i l l be able to understandin the continuation of this. JThe ship "St Pieter" brings us a reasonably well assorted ;! 'cargo, but so far as we have yet seen, it were to be wished L*»>f«kthat in many sorts the merchandise had been better, both inlywaet, copper, beads and otherwise; added to whichm, variousare short, about which we hope to satisfy you when that shipcomes over.I consider that ever since ships for the Company have arrivedon this Coast, no more disorderly invoices have beenbrought, as in none of a l l the cases of lywaet do we knowhow many (fj they contain; and we cannot understand for whatpurpose this has been done; for it has always been the customthat in cases of Lywaet a note has been found with the packersname, and in the invoice was only stated that lOl-i casescontain 102,619 as). It gives us much trouble and injuryw i l l ensue as we are thereby obliged to take a l l the lywaetout of the cases to see whether they a l l agreed, and whensuch inspection is done, it is impossible for us to jack thema l l r-rfectly again in the cases. Moreover this makes themvery unsightly and unacceptable to the Blacks. So,for thistime we omit to write further hereon and mwait the resultappears that a l l the ship'[spu^t the country had leaked out. How it w i l l fare with theifmt.Z] " spaense" and liquor, time w i l l show as they have not yetbeen "unloaded.Coming to the matter of trade and how the course of it isat present, you can perceive from the accompanying Price List,last drawn up, which we lr d thought would have enticed thegold out of the country in large handfulls; but although thegoods stand at such moderate prices yet we nevertheless foundno great receipts. Thy it is so slack we cannot get toknow from the Blacks. The English follow us in selling, andas our "Bijwaren" "te met voortgaan", so i f no greaterquantity with us we can do no injury to the party with them,as we shall be obliged to place the lywaets at 140 (fiTs) perbenda and higher in order to stop his, or he must follow usin the selling.

44. 1646.What further occurs to us in these times consists in thefollowing. On the night of the 1st August we received aletter from Axem in which factor Froon advised that on theffLiiLf 30th July last a "fluyt" ship came to anchor about Axem.H-fl* 1 Proceeding on board, he understood that that fluyt was fromGOTTENBURG, and had no Coast cargo, only for the Bight inorder to trade slaves; but intended to sail along the coastto dispose of their private goods; -lso that they wished togo to St Thome to see i f they could do any trade with thePortuguese.On this advice, resolution was taken to summon the Fiscalwho had shortly departed to CRAA, and to send the EquippageMaster to Chama to be able to get a clearer understandingof the circumstances of that ship; who, on his return on3rd instant, retorted that he had been on board the ship,£ ^ being a fluyt at a guess about 140-150 tons Has try, mountedSfyu^f with 16 iron guns, 30 eaters, the captain, well known totCJL*Ajve^^l him named AREJJTT GABBESEN; sailed out of the Vlie with wifeand children on 13th April last to Gottenburg, from -where hed

1646. 45.coulcl make the same at deep draught. He declared he hadhis Commission from the Queen of SWEDEN. His crew weremostly Hollanders, or at least residing there. He anchoredin the evening before Chama.On the 4th August, in the afternoon at 3.30, that Swedishship came to anchor in the roads before d'el Myna with herflag on top (boven af), fired some shots, but no one appearedon shore from the Commander.On the 5th ditto we saw 2 sail come down from windward,one of which came into the roads about midday. 3ut beforewe continue with this, we w i l l conclude the continuationof the matter of Arent Gabbesen.Our bounden duty, on this occurrence, was to get properinformation about everything and to give judgement how weshould recognise (kennen) the ship and goods of this ArentGabbesen. Therefore on the 6th August we proceeded on boardthe ship "St Pieter" with the Fiscal and Councillors, whereArent Gabbesen appeared, who showed his documents of permission(vrijdomme) and in opening the same the we foundthe enclosed list of men engaged at Amsterdam, written inhis own hand, which we would not return to him. Afterhaving examined everything well, the "eysch" of the Fiscalfollowed. The examination made thereon by us, and thedecision on the matter, YHH w i l l find herewith.' '7hether iu f> fhtf- f f>9t /»#**••

46. 1646.we have acted herein to YHHs satisfaction, time w i l l show.1On the 7th, Arent Gabbesen appeared on shore in personand offered to sell ma 150 ankers liquor and about 1,000lb. beads. He declared he had no Coast cargo etheewwseeotherwise in the ship, and what he now offered me was hisown. I duly declined his offer, over which he seemedg-ieved, saying that he had not doubted that we would haveaccepted the goods at a moderate price.r^^Lu ^\ .nniiT -^loL' I t-'rfs nor$wt«i3jl*A*J C Fiscal Caarlof informed me that the skipper, CornellsShjyjnl Leendertsz Blauw had brought to light (licht gegeven)that his men had brought various ankers of liquor to theship, wihtout knowing where they came from. 7/heref^re1 thought good to send the Fiscal, "nevens geweldige" and2 of our slaves to the "St Pieter", carefully to catch it.On the 8th, the Fiscal reported he had got 45 ankers liquorand that mostly with regard to the "chineesen" who had previouiiyfallen into the trap (in klera gelopen) so bravely.Hereupon a meeting of Council was at onee summoned andthe 45 ankers declared forfeited, which, on the sale of it,w i l l produce a sura of Mk.4:1:12 Eng. for the profit of theCompany, Fiscal, and poor, each l/3rd part. It is a stoutdeed(bestant) of the buyers(coopers) who had recently beenso bravely entrapped (in klem gelopen) by us. One can alsoobserve that what has been found and detained is not a l l

1646. 47.that there has been in the ship "St Pieter", but we shallreward these "chinesen" according to their work and make itso that they w i l l carry no private merchandise from home for4 years, and afterwards take them off the ship "St Pieter"on various considerations and distribute them on the yachts7]On the 9th August, being misty weather, Arent Gabbesen setsailsail, setting course at first to sea; but afterwards, we understand,he lay at anchor for 24 hours before COfuiANTIJN, andthen siiled away. And this is so far what happened withArent Gabbesen and his ship.Although we find that Arent Gabbesen gave different accountsof his intentionssaying to one that he wishes to call at StThome, and to another that he w i l l seek his profit at Barbadoes,yet our opinion is that he has intentions on St Thom£.Therefore we found good, by resolution, to keep watch uponhim and to send the ship "St Pieter" to St Thome before weclose/ the accounts on the Coast; which we hope w i l l be donewithin a month and send the receipts of gold after it, by the *.yacht "Dolphyn". Nevertheless we shall take care that theship shall be in Brazil before the ordinary first fleet partsfrom Brazil. The instruction we shall give to the Captain(besides the other Articles) w i l l be such that in case heshall get to Arent Gabbesen about the island, he shall examinehim and i f he finds he has sugar in his ship, he shalltake him with him %© and bring him to Brazil, or at least,

48. 1646.i f he should have dropped anchor at an unauthorised placeto compel him to came to the lawful roadstead of St Thome.God Almighty grant that he may f a l l into the hands of theCompany on good grounds.r As regards the two before-mentioend ships which we sawon th< 5th instant, one was a small English ship whichcomes from Barbadoes to trade slaves in the Bight, and tosell them at that island. The other is the ship "Houtwijn"freighted by the gentlemen of Groningen, sailed on9th May, having on board 94 soldiers, 17 women and childrenfor the Company, and a crew of 16. The cause oftheir coming here, so they say, is that they are entirelydestitute of water, and also the victuals, given for thesoldiers, consumed! the-list-ef-whieh-I-weuld-like-te-haveaeea-bHt-they-aay-they-have-nene T-as-it-was-ye^Hiree-by-6ePHelis-vaH-Reyen-teefepe-she-sailed-8HtT In-my-spinies4s although the skipper declares that he was provided byhis owners for 4 months for 110 people, the l i s t of whichI would like to have seen, but he aays he has none butthat it was required by Cornelis van Royen before he s a i l ed out. In my opinion they have eaten "cese maats uitde corf" without care, but as we have seen no l i s t we cannotcontrol them, but send them to their competent judgesin Brazil.The scandal that we have seen here, and done by thefreighters of this ship, can in no way be justified, forwe could not find one cask sufficiently bound with ironbands, and nothing but old hogsheads and pipes which hadbeen picked up from wine sellers. We have therefore been•j obliged to rovide that ship with 5 new "leggers" for}** u 6 f.100. The men on board demanded to be provided with

1646. 49.through the death of factor Hazenberg they got into greatconfusion to get proper accounts both of merchandise andvictuals. But Comrnander Mulder writes us that he has sentthe Books and a l l papers home by the ship "Haerlem". 9H18%h JHly, by his letter Daarbij wert ons met dittoCommander Mulder met schrijvems van den 18th July t'mes sooop de keel geset van als doen niet lajiger als 3 - 4 maendenvictaullie te hebben en vraecht my af soo wanneer dit isgeconsumeert als dan sullen aengaen.Anr] so that no "Ingnorantie op ons raocht werdem gepretendeert"that >ve have given cause for the loss of that Island,we have found no better means than to send him provisionsfor six weeks months for 200 men by the ship "St Pieter";whereby we are very much in want, and so far have been obligedto issue "costgelt" to the garrisons monthly.As there no means at St Thome to f i l l the vacant place ofthe deceased Hazenbergh, we have had to deprive ourselveshere and encourage to it, Reymer Deeckers who has been factorat Axem, whose time was up, to send him thither as Commissarisover the merchandise & vistuals and keeping the garrisonbooks at a salary of f.108 a month. ...- Owing to the death of Anthony Calbenaer, factor in theBenyn on 18th March, and he had no assistance but a boy,theyacht "Visscher" left Ivan Claesen Pot there, who had beentrained here and appointed an assistant. He is s t i l l youngbut seeing that YHH have not been pleased to provide us withcapable comrades, we must therefore row with the oars that wehave,&c.14th August 1646 at the Castle (unsigned)St George d'el MYNA In Guinea.

50. 1646.Note. The following letter from Ruychaver to theXIX is dated 22nd April 1646 in Brazil,wherehe had arrived on his way home from the Gold Coast.The first part of it therefore deals with GoldCoast affairs in 1645, and should have been notedunder that year. Tho whole lcttor-frao been photographedbut the latter part, dealing with StThome after hes arrival there, has not been translated.Hon. Hond.Worshipful.Wise.Prudent.VeryDiscreet Sirs,Sirs,Although I have left the Northern District ofAfrica( to s a i l to a better & beloved fatherland) I find itlikewise not inadvisable to make a written report of whathas happened since my last per the ship "Zeelandia",whichproceeded on her voyage from d'el Mina on 27th May last1645.Firstly we w i l l begin with the English, who have againappeared here in good number. (Note. The letter was evidentlywritten, or begun r on the Gold Coast).On 9th June the yacht named "Mr Lucas" after a Germanmerchant resident in London, to whom she belongs,the skipperand factor of which was named Jan Sibbings, beingbuilt up (opgetimmerd) from a Spanish barque, 40 tons,mounted with 2 field guns(gotelingen) 1 6 swivel guns(steen stukken) and 16 eaters, sailed from the Downs on30 March:on 17th June aforesaid (June) to Calbary for 100slaves, so that she stayed at CORMANTIJN for 8 days (whereshe sold some trifles). On 8th July appeared before thatowW^port the ship named "Mr Jejps", 100 tons; 40 eaters; 20 gunsskipper Mr Yrlaat Yrelant; sub-factor James Lucas; had been3 months out of England; on 13 May sailed into and on 13thJune out of Siera Liones (where they understood that theCourland fluyt had been on the Quaqua and Grain Coasts andalso there, trading some tusks both from the inhabitants &the Englsih factors, with which she sailed for home at theend of April); had a well assorted Gold Coast cargo, alsosome lime for the repair of their fort; and after°drivingher trade (but not to satisfaction) sailed on 17th Octoberfrom CORMANTIJN to England.On August 29th appeared at anchor before COMANY a Fluytcalled "Jan & Isaac"| 110 tons; 6 guns; 36 eaters- sailedfrom the Downs on 26 April having traded the G r a i n T u s kCoasts; also before Assine,Abbene and Anten; leaving theaaid port on 1st September, proceeded to before CORMANTIJNwhere, having sold a little of thetr serges,fat (aiucti' )/andliquor,proceeded on 11th ditto to Bight for slaves.

1646. 51.On 30th November Mr Thimote Mulsgrave passed in the ship"Hope" ;about 200 tons; 24 guns; and many men among whom 20for the shore,bringing a respectable Gold Coast cargo;withit a small yacht for the Bight & Benyn trade which departedthither on 14th December to prosecute its trade (isalso of the intention to establish a Lodge at ACKERA -Accra?but in my opinion w i l l progress little). Upon which, on17th ditto followed a Chaloup, and on 18th the "vergadt"(frigate?) named "Mary", which had been at Cape de Verdewhere the factor and skipper, Mr âmes Brancton,had died.And the Chaloup being set up (opgeset),it w i l l apparentlybe employed for the slave trade,as his trade .consistsmostly in that; but has, so they give to undestand, forthe Gold Coast, also f.16,000 in cargo. From a l l of whichYHH can easily perceive that the Coast must continually bekept in "brul/jade" (disturbance^) and it is not possibleto fix a uniform Price List (Markt brief); for althoughthey are only slave traders, the ACANISTS likewise keeptheir gold unspent, and have begun to do so for sometitime against the coming of the Englsih; and for monthspast have kept the ['contant"7by them in the hopes of anunderselling, but ..ith the excuse — but we know better —that their goods are lying unsold in the interiorU***%*es*^7;but both those of hhe Mina and Moure have a l l made greatpromises that i f we give more, they w i l l not visit theÊnglish, which they reasonably observed on the arrival ofMr Yrlant. How it w i l l now go with the appearance of MrMulgraf's and Brancton's frigate as they have not yetthoroughly entered upn trade, time w i l l show.On 16th June arrived here the from home the ship "Eendracht"from Amsterdam; 24 guns; 53 eaters/ among them 12soldiers; bringing a cargo of f.118,005^; but one case overwas found, No. 60 with 1002 (a> lywaet; also f.23,786.2-^stvrsin victuals and merchandise for the island St Thome. Andas the Fiscal had proceeded to COHJUANTIJN for the Company'sprofit, I went on board myself to prevent smuggling; butDomine Fiscus returning the next day, I left the charge tohim who, in the unloading, used all possible diligence todiscover anything but found nothing but an anker "gebrande"knives, and one ditto small hooks, 2 half-ankers lemon &orange "past", twenty Rialen van Achten and 16 gallons(stoopen; liquor which, because of the small quantity, wasallowed to the ownersSince by daily experience it is found and clearly a:pearsthat those of FANTYN, CORMANTIJN, and the ACANISTS settledthere are much more attached to the EngJjsih than to us, itwas found good by the Council on the 1st August, to abandonthat port, and to call up the yacht "Fortuyn" to load the

52. 1646. • .St Thome goods, with the view to seeing whether theACANISTS oould thereby be attracted to d'el Mina orunder Fort Nassouw: for so long as CORMANTIJN was tradedby us the traders remained there to the profit ofthe/(party)which,aprarently, by abandonment, w i l l change,especially i f WMfg there is weak equippage with the English.The contrary being found, we could with as goodgrounds, hinder them with underselling at d'el Mina andFort Nassouw than by trading there. Some of the principalACANISTS have now promised,(upon which a presenth^s been given) at the first opportunity, to come andsettle at d'el Mina or at Moure. V/hat w i l lcome of it, time w i l l shew.disclose.On 16th August, the yacht "Visscher" appeared out of theBight having traded 13,666 lb. tusks, but as the factorAnthony Hersveyer had died at Cape de loop on 29 July,shehad not visited the windward Tusk & Quaqua Coasts. Inplace of the deceased,Assistant Jan van Weyen has beenplaced on the "Visscher" and, as skipper, in place ofWeijdert Smient, the mate of the yacht "Reael" MeundertLourensz Swart, who went with it back to the Bight on27th October.As i t is found that the yacht or chaloup "Jongen Arent"is no longer seaworthy to storf goods in her, she was,afterinspection, on 24th August hauled into the river to bebroken up —rresloopt)..The yacht"Fortuyn" on which Dirck Geerlofsen was placedas Factor, being supplied with Bight goods and also havingon board a l l the merchandise and some victuals for St Thomedeparted to that Island on 26th ditto, with orders to hastenas quickly as possible to the Gaboon & Cape de Loopand windward places to prosecute the tusk trade; which returnedto del Mina on 29th November with 8,020 lb tusks,75 Quaqua cloths and 12 p. ox hides; which on 8th Decemberin order to prosecute the slave trade at Arda (where isHuybrecht Valckraren, to become experienced in that trade)sailed thither and, as skipper, in place of Harpert ClasenGroenwsVlSout, who has become Equippage Master, Mate ClaesAdriaensensz Wranck has been promoted.On October 10th the yacht "Dolphyn" appeared from Calbarieand the Bight, having obtained there 9,676 lb.tusks,535 pieces Quaqua cloths and 297 slaves, a l l which wereleft at St Thome, purchased, by the Commander and Commissarisin sugar at 50 "arobis" each; and on 15th December,for the prosecution of the Arder trade, she also sailed

1646. 53.thither with the intention to obtain 3 to 4 half-hundredslaves althgether, and to get in the outstanding debts asmuch as possible. On the same day, vizt 10 October appearedthe yacht "Postpaert" from home, on account of the ChamberAmsterdam, having on the voyage hither traded 201,335 lb.grain, 20,070 lb. tusks, 120 p. Quaqua cloths and Mk.ll:7:2Aeng. gold; which set sail again on 27th ditto to the Gaboon^ ,Cape de Loop and afterwards to sail at the Grain/and windwardplaces. *On 11th ditto arrived also from the fatherland, the shipor fluyt "Eendracht" from Enchuysen, which had sailed outof Texel on 28th July; about 200 tons; 22 guns; 72 eaters/among them 31 soldiers; bringing a JoId Coast cargo off.150,504.13.12., but was found that on the liquor908 gl.: 17: 8 pen too much had been placed and also 250 p."rouhessens" 6-8 (|T)shorter than is usual, which was not unknownto the buyers as they cost 3 shillings less; which tendsto the injury of the Company, since they must necessarily besold at 2 engels lower. Also in one case 9 p. serge weremostly perished and the lywaet also found bad. By this shipI saw,with gladness,my relief, for which I heartily thankYHH, not doubting you w i l l have great satisfaction from mysuccessor, whom I have recognised as such and consulted abouteverything for the Company's advantage. Hendrick Caarlofwas appointed Fiscal in his p%lee place, and do not doubthe w i l l act according to honour and oath; and he has seizedthe following goods out of that ship: 56 ankers liq«or,36sheets, and | anker fish hooks belonging to 28 persons, whichwere released by the Council rrovided they gave contentmentto the Fiscal, as appears fnuther from the ex-mination.And as soon as it was possible, which I could no effect t i l lthe 30th November, the Government was handed over to Mr vander WEL, and then their Ho. Mo.s' and YHHs' Commissions werepublicly read before a l l the world; upon which followed therroper ceremonies of cannon-firing. And I had the accountsclosed, which it was not possible to do i nless I was present:so I remained with Mr van der Wel at the Castle d'el Minauntil 18th December, and handed over a l l the goods along theCoast, to his satisfaction, as further appears in the inventories.Whereupon I proceeded on board the Amsterdam"Eendracht" with a l l the documents, in order to close themon the way. And on the 21st ditto the aforenamed gentlemanapreared on the ship with letter for YHH; and then, withthe Fnchuisen "Fentfracht", we both sailed to Fort Nassouw.Having some there, we went on shore together and took dueleave from a l l the friends there, having made presents tothe Sabous, Mourees, and Acanists (which was also done tothe del Minas, Akras, and Axems). The next morning at £

54. 1646.9 o'clock, being the 22nd, I proceeded on board again withnomine Fiscus, who goes with me to learn the state of theisland, and at once set s a i l to proceed on our voyage v.iththe two "Eendrachts" by way of St Thome and Brazil to thefatherland,-God grant we may come over safely- leafcinggallthe fortifications in good repair and the whole Coast\ ««f> J "weegens mijn persoon" in good peace and concord, so$utfar as I knpw; but those of GREAT COMANY have for some time• , ^ 1 shown themselves very "absprt"!?), but not to the injury,- but the profit of the Company, as no traders are settledthere and quite 3 or 4 Marks in presents annually aresaved.I w i l l now reply to the letters from the Chamber of Amsterdam,the one dated 9th May, and the other 6th July 1645.I was glad to hear of the delivery of the letter by theFnglish ship "Star" as also copy of the "Caritas". I hopeyou w i l l have "'t prdmcipaelst beoogen".As regards the ships where smuggling of cloths had previouslybeen done, I knew in good faith that it had only been committedin the "Guide Rhee", which was without the knowledgeof the skipper Claes Jansz, as the factor drove the tradein the Benyn which was also declared by him; therefore nofurther proceedings were taken.H#f • ^ J3^^^^^j^ M^r^km *&" r nXXj| j C-*v 1.1 fW '-^ftI have s t i l l found daily that since the seizure of thegold, and also the continually' good supervision, the samethat is brought down is much better than hitherto: but thatanyone of our people had to do with it, I have never discoveredand also cannot believe. But that it was previouslymade known by the ACANISTS and some of the inhabitants, isnot incredible. :In my opinion YHH have conceived a wrong judgement aboutthe goods bought in by Anthony Herweyer from Mr Opy, as theslaves have been traded by us from the Blacks for little less.It is true that they were bought by him at a lower pricethan he was obliged to sell them; but one must treat eachother in a Christian manner.As regards •'he slave trade, this has always been furtheredby me as far as is in my rower: but since September 1644 noyacht has ever appeared from Brazil to fetch them; and asto the "Guide Rhee" and the "Leeuwinne", whether kept thereor broken up (gesloopt) is unknown to us. We, having nosuitable vessels here, have been obliged to sell at StThome.

1646. 56.I understand with great surprise the discontent about thealteration of the Price List (Marckt brief) on the arrivalof the afore mentioned ship the "Star", which evil (ovel ?# - euvel, kwaad), i f it pleases the Hon Gentlemen that theEnglish may sell their goods to their contentment (for theywill never compel us to underselling) could have been prevented.Also it were quite practicable to stop the trade r & ^cÛnUat a l l factories and |lo"graseeren de handtlichting eenlijk l ^ ^ ^bij ons Party tot CORMANTIJN" J (.grasseeren is "to rage", \j-t& *>• aCalisch: handtlichtinge is "het afstand doen van eene vor- fa**?**']dering ofr rechten",Verdam), but such w i l l not profit inthe Price List, nor also cause any less gold to be received;for a l l the traders from ANTEN, CHAMA, COMANY, MINA, CABOCORS, and MOURE, indeed to CRA inclusive w i l l proceed thitherwith their gold, which would give a cause to the ACANISTSto take up their residence there, which, I suppose, is notYHH s' intention. Therefore, in my judgment, it would bebetter, in those circumstances, , £|} m£)} n vl§ 0 1 have alreadycarried into effect, to keep a l l tneyrlctories at a stand- „s t i l l and to do the underselling only at d'el Mina, in orderto draw the traders there; which,in my poor judgement,would be advantageous for YHH. Also that some merchantsor factors (coopluyden ofte Comissen) should have behavedbadly in this "occasion" I can never believe, but I am wellassured that ht the informers of it as being seme alio someon the Coast have done it, bit not for the injury of theCompany or to enrich themselves but %ha% so that at the lastclosing (Slodt. of the accounts?) the expenses would comeout less and the chest (Cas) better, as appears in moredetail in my previous accounts and in those I am now bringingover. It therefore seems inadvisable to bring theminto contempt by having the books continually ex-mined aboutit, since such mistrust might easily cause something bad.If honourable colleagues are sent to the Coast, "'twelck nochniet beter weet" no change would be produced "alwaer voorsichtigop gelet dient". Farther, I must take it verymuch to heart to have to hear the great injury sufferedthrough the Price List, since the instructions have alwaysbeen to follow the English merchants' style, which so far asI know, I have continually sought.As regards the complaints about me from the GUINEA COMPANYin London, that I should have tried to make a fortress betweenthe village of CORMANTIJN and the English Fort, alsoto make them leave the Coast, this can never be proved withtruth. But I have gone therein, as indeed previouslywritten, and like as will appear from the attestation thatgoes herewith. I cannot understand (bevroede) that MrMulsgrave has done that, as we have heve been in agreement

56. 1646.with him and others, in good friendship; of which theirown letters and Company servants can give evidence. Iam not therefore troubled by a l l his unnecessary "bruljados".Further as regards the Direction over the Island StThome, I have, as stated before, sent the yacht "Dolphyn"thither as soon as possible to Commander Mulder (withwhich a factor would have been sent but i t had to be leftbecause of incompetence and his time being up), with a l lthe merchandise and some provisions ( which agreed withthe bills of lading) as it could load; with a letter andextract from YHH, with orders on coming to anchor to strikehis flag and then homst i t again; which Commander Mulder hastaken very i l l , and written that he w i l l not remain undermy cammand, but it is done more from "oprokkinge als voorsichticheyt".As by the two "Eendrachts" only 43 soldiers have beenbrought to d'el Mina,arid as many have completed their timeand do not desire to continue, I have not been able to bringany to the Island this time (as I can make up no more than14 guards (schildergasten) at a time.As regards Jan Metcalf you w i l l no doubt alredy have heardof his departure to Brazil. By the yacht "Visscher" appeareda former free merchants, dacob Cloet, whom, on YHHs' or-Seij, I at once sent back to St Thome.In accordance with your memorandum sent of the mistakesand errors in the keeping of th' books and accounts of themen in Guinea and St Thome, these shall be rectified.Coming now to reply to your letter of 6th ouly, I am gladto hear of the arrival of the ship "Haerlem". I hope thereturn cargo w i l l be delivered according to the bills oflading.As regards the affair of Terweyden, as he is dead, I shalllet it rest.And as regards skipper Dirck Pomp he has never appeared tous, therefore I am obliged to stop that also.If we encounter any foreign ship or that of our nationwith foreign potentates''s do.mmission, which undoubtedly w i l lnot be lacking on the Coast of Guinea, we w i l l act accordingto the orders given by YHH. As regards the Courlander,I hope what she traded has come into the Company's chest

1646. 57.A suitable "roeyfregate" which is highly necessary to supplythe factories, ought to £be sent by first opportunityin place of the yacht "Riael".We haae learnt with great regret of the delay and lack ofdiligence in the equipping of the various Chambers. If thiscontinues it is to be feared that the Gold Coast w i l l getentirely into loss, and i t is highly necessary that 4 cargoesof f.180,000 be sent annually. That being done,I am confidentyou w i l l remain the masters, but if it is taken inhand by force and not from love, it must undoubtedly cometo a bad end.In so far as by each ship and that 4 times a year, asmuch victuals are brought as per the list sent by (sic) YHH,the garrisons factories yachts and vessels can be properlyfed with them; but for the soldiers it w i l l not come wellas the rations are small and the victuals usually old andnothing particular, and their weak stomachs w i l l decline.This w i l l undoubtedly cause many sick men (whom we seldomlack). But I consider that through failure to send, cost- (,geld w i l l s t i l l have to be often issued, which for a sol- , M < * u *i Jdier, as everything is dear, cannot be fixed at less thanone engel a weeUt (ter weeck). As regards the equippage,it is impossible to make an accurate list for a fixed time,as on one voyage much,and on the other little, and now this,and then that is required. It must therefore be fixed somewhatat a guess, for which I ask excuse.If YHH s' orders are carried out and 50 soldiers are sentby each ship, namely 20 for D'El Mina and 30 for the IslandSt Thome, we shall always remain well provided; but I doubteffect being given to it.- His complaints about the medicines were not withoutreason.-- About keef-iag continuing in good correspondence withthe other conquests he has not been lacking, and also hasno complaints about the other side.-YHH v-ry highly recommend the slave trade of Rio Furcado,but up t i l l now, although the formula of what the King ofOWERRE (Warri ?) himself requested was sent home more ""than2 years ago, I have never seen any piece of it; and Brazilis nov. so filled with slaves from Angola, as appears thatthey keep the yachts there, that they desire no more fromhere. We shall be able to answer more fully about St Thomeafterwrads but it can be sufficiently provided from Arder,

58. 1646.the Bight and other places; because the Rio Furcado isvery dangerous to navigate as the village where the trademust be driven lies quite 30 miles up the river, whichthrough the great heat produces unhealthiness, whichwould carry off many men. About this,which, this hasbeen neglected up t i l l now.It is most highly necessary in order to keep religionin honour (if it be not done) that a good capable preacherbe sent to d'El Mina. If Meyndert Heyndricks would lethimself be employed again i t would in my opinion be best.In accordance with your orders I shall show the ChamberZeeland such bounden duty as Amsterdam has previouslyreceived.f- }v./\ •>»!{• •t't/V'* vMr/\rd •..;::'•» rf'»r*The trade, since my last, has been sober, end not motethan Mk. 1,516: 5: C>£ eng. traded along the whole Coast; arisingfirstly from various ACANI3T disputes and the holdingup of their gold against the arrival of the Englsih; secondlythrough lack of current merchandise, so that at theFort Axem we have received no more than Mk.36: 1: 2,3/4, ofwhich the ACANISTS are not the cause but their own continualinland (inlantsche) disputes; about which it would not beinadvisable, in ray judgement, to have it garrisoned as aLodge with 8-10 men, to prevent expenses. At the Castled'el Mina, Chama, Comany, and Cabo Cors, Mk.743: 7: 14^received, and i f the equippage is not looked after betterthan hitherto, it w i l l be better to abandon the three small(places), for through lack of merchandise they can never bebe supplied monthly with more than could bring in 8-10 markseach. At Fort Nassou received Mk.423:2; A\ and before CORMANTIJN, before the port was abandoned, Mk.75: 2 oz. In theLodge at Cra it has been very distinguished (deftig) for thecircumstances of the time, and Mk. 238: 0; \0k engels tradedthere. If that pert could be properly supplied with merchandiseit eould undoubtedly bring in 60-70 marks monthly:and various new ACANISTS from a certain village AQUEMA havesometimes appeared there, who have spent in a month 80-420-30,yea 40 marks of extremely fine gold. It was alsofound that some Acory, but. not very fine, was to be obtainedat a reasonable price, of which a t r i a l w i l l be made: so thatout of that place, i f goods are not lacking, something goodis to be expected.-He cannot at present report on Benyn as the return car?onot yet unloaded.-The most current goods on the Gold Coast are chiefly, asbefore, lywaet,half-bleached,"rouhessens",sheets,serges,

1646. 59.turkey tapijt carpetten & stuff,gefrisseerde deeckens,Haerlemcloths,tyken,small indian clothe,boatswains & gebrandeknives,arm-rings,all kinds of copper & tin work,iron,orangelemon green striped past (paftr?),white & violet p.ditto,mas (was?) goet,lang getig- gertigen (?),wit 4/m goet,olyffatsoen. This merchandise,being in good condition,willsoon bring up a good quantity of gold. Large & small annebaes,sergecloths,rapynen tot avans(?) are'**little ge4.rokkon.

60. 1646.Note, The Journal for the period 1st Januaryto 31st March 1646, is not in the file,WIC.oc.ll.* (Copy) Continuation of the daily Journalsent to the Hon.Gentlemen at the Assembly„of the XIX, by the yacht "Postpaert", de¬* parted from the Gold Coast on the2nd April 1646."April 1. (first entry).April 2. The yacht "fostpaert" sailed for home via CRAA(to land some goods) and St Thome.April 4. ... The relatives of the Myner, struck dead byff>i/»i«ol t h e people o f SIMBI at the time the Fiscaland Coeymans had journeyed to FUTU on commission, trouble •me so much daily that I take measures to obtain the delinquantso that they and I may get revenge over the sufferedaffront. Having considered this,sent an ACANISTto FUTU to t e l l the King to deliver the delinquant to meshortly, or I shall proceed in some other manner againsthim or those of SIMBI.April 5. ... In afternoon at 1 o'clock the aforesaidACANIST returns from FUTU and reports thatthe King had the delinquant in safe custody and was readyto deliver him into my hands on Monday or Tuesday next,provided the people of de Myna promise that they w i l lnot molest the people who bring him, "alwaer bescheyt opsouden wachten". In evening at dusk see the s a i l sightedanchor a good way from the shore. The King of FUTUsent one of his people that I would present him with theusual dash (dasje) for the corn sowing, as the former Directors.Over this, sent him Mk.O: 2: 4 eng.April 7. ... I,send a second time the ACANIST, CORON-SBYN (*) to the King of FETU to t e l l himmy desire to receive the bringers of the delinquant who,as before stated, has killed a Mynaar.April 8. (Sunday). In afternoon eaeaea comes the aforesaidACANIST back and says that theKing promises to have the delinquant brought into the v i l lage of HINNEQUA to-morrow, i n order to be brought fromthere hither by the ACANIST slaves. He requests that i fhe is executed, the dead body may be delivered to SIMBYto be buried. ...

1646. 61.April 9. ... The Captain of the ACANISTS,who had stayed5-6 days at FETU, comes back and says thatthe King w i l l , without fail, have the aforenamed delinquantbrought into HINNEQUA 1 S village to-night and i f I wishedto have him fetched from there "om mi^n volcomen voornemenmede te doen". The yacht 't"Leil", with 15 eaters,victualledfor 30 weeks, w i l l first call at CRAA and there hand over2 cases lime, i keg "sement" and a mason, in order to repairthe Lodge and then proceed to Behyn ...April 10. Meeting of Council. Sentence on one man of forfeitureof 6 month's pay and to stand, for twoconsecutive days, for one hour with twelve bound muskets;and the other to forfeit 3 months' pay and to stand, ->s before,for one day.... About 10 o'clock was brought here by theACANISTS a poor lean old man from the King of FETU, who theysay was the person who, at the time Coeymans & the Fiscalwere at FETU, had struck dead the Mynse Black. I had theCaboceers and Cartains called in, who declared he was notthe person, and they knew him very well. We examined theman brought and put before him that he was the person whoh d murdered the Mynaar. He declared he knew nothing aboutit, nay that he had neither shield asseguay nor swordwith which to carry out that work. Truly they are greataffronts which the King does to us with this, and at theopportunity ouh;h;t not to be forgotten. I had the innocentmanWhom they had bound made laefrt and his escortr) go. ...April 11. ... A trusty Black brings us adtfice that theEnglish daily bring their remaining goodson shore, consisting chiefly in lywaet. He gives us theassurance that he is s t i l l selling at 130 (a>pr Bende, butreceives very little gold; and also issues "costgelt" monthlyto the men as victuals are lacking, be"April 14. ... Yesterday the Captains and Caboceers ofd'el MYNA got secret warning from a Blackthat the people of FETU would attempt something to theinjury of d'el Myna on the women who go for water in th'emornings; therefore a captain and a l l chief officers withthe men who belong to that Quarter have eeBveyee"escorted the women to the water-place under arms. Howthis dispute w i l l be settled must be awaited.April 15. In morning at 6.30 a heavy tornado and rain.It is pitiable to see all the soldiers huts

62. 1646.and the warehouses are so leaky, which is not to be remediedunless the Hon. Masters provide us with lime andtiles. ...April 16. ... A Commenda canoe carries some merchandiseto COMANI. The Captains and Caboceerscame into the Castle. Spent most of the day with them todecide some disputes that have arisen between the inhabitants.The ACANIST Captain reports that an ACANIST had come fromACANIE. who brings news that trade there is entirely at astand-still and no sale of goods is to be seen because somedifference has arisen between those who buy goods from them.• • •April 17. ... Received news from Moure that an ACANISTnamed APOTEIJ had died. He brought downmuch gold in hie lifetime.April 18. ... This afternoon two old women came secretlyto ask me i f the brother of the lately defeatedand killed (dood gesraeten) King of FETU (in whoseplace the present one rules) may come to me to speak aboutsome matters: to which agreed. This brother, since thedeath of the old King, has stayed at SABOU.April 20. It was reported to me that the oldest (senior)wife of the King of FETU.had been at Moure yesterdaywith many ACANISTS and a company of women to lamentthe death of the deceased APOTEIJ; on that account a slavewas sacrificed on behalf of the King in honour of the deceased.Fear it w i l l not stop at this, but on that occasionvarious slaves w i l l yet have to perish; it is trulya horrible spectacle. ... To-day the outside slaves got onshore Jfrom the yachts?) and begged that they might now beallowed for 4-5 days to prepare their land for sowing.Thatmust necessarily be allowed, to help them to bread, as theyreceive little from the ânpany T> F J «... • »p ^H^ftfApril 23. ... The Captains and Caboceers come up in orderas they say to express sorrow for the deathsof so many people in so short a time (vide note at end ofJournal), but shiefly to warm their insides (borst) with alittle liquor. They complained that on the beach more andmore danger ende meer)^gold comes (valt) among them; yeathey do not know how to get enough good gold in order tobuy a good cloth from us. I asked them how that happened(although I knew it well). They replied,because so manypieces-of-eight were brought by us and the English nation.I told them they must leave off buying the same: and therebygave them ex~ress order that i f any one, small or great,

1646. 63.came to them to offer or to sell them, that they were atliberty to accept them and to make no payment, but to keepthem for their own and to point out the seller to me. Thatseemed to please them well. (Marginal note to above entry:"Quaet gout, de engelse en onse Natie vercoopen stuckenvan achten").April 24. ... In afternoon,at 2 o'clock, saw a sail whichan hour later observed was an Englishman. Comingabout the roads, the Fiscal sailed on board. Meanwhile,a tornado arose with the wind from leeward (van onder op)so that it was obliged to anchor, but sailed again at 5 o'clock: and the Fiscal on shore at 7 o'clock, reports itwas a small English ship from London, named "Isahelle", about80 tons, with 12 guns, 35 eaters, had sailed now eightweeks & 2 days from the Downs. The skipper(factor) RobertWilliams brings to the Coast a cargo also 100 p. serge, someiron, Irish cloths and timmerwerk, and offered to sell thethe same to me, and being assured of this had intended tolie t i l l tomorrow; but the Fiscal told him that he did nothelieve I would buy, and therefore he set sail in order tosell his goods and then set course to the Calbarye forslaves, to carry them to Barbadoes. He informed the Fiscalhe had sold a good parcel of arm rings at the windward coastplaces, also some to Whites; but observing that Caarlof wasFiscal he sought to talk that out of his head. Neverthelesswe w i l l not neglect to make enquiry and as soon as ourcanoe, which is gone to Axem for the Meester, comes back, T

64. 1646.this work w i l l end, time w i l l show. The principaltraders at FETU, namely JAN HINNCQUA and oEAN CLAESZ,brothers, have me begged that I w i l l devise some meansyet to make peace between the MYNSE and FETUS. ...April 27. ... An ACANIST, sent express by the Captainof the ACANISTS, as well as Captain QUAU, atpresent at Moure comes with the report that the said Captainslet me know that the English ship before mentioned1had arrived at CORMANTIJN and apparently w i l l give itsgoods at a reasonable price(coop); but they would use a l ltheir power to keep yhe ©ther ACANISTS from that, thereforerespectfully requesting that we would sell our goodssomewhat cheap; to which we let them know that we could ndi.tdecide, because of the little that the Englishman brought,to do the injury to ay Lords and Masters,produced by sellingcheaply.April 30. Two letters from Chief factor Isaac Coymans,who has been at Moure since 28th ulto. Janvan der Cost is much weaker; and over this, decided to travelthither to-night with the Fiscal to give the necessaryorders. Coymans writes that he has understaod that thelast arrived Englishman has landed his goods; whether he )4has sold them to Mr Mulgrave or on what conditions, is notknown: but whatever it is the?e, not much gold comes downthere. The principal bringers down of gold at FETU, namelyHENNEQUA and JAN CijAESZ, again send a message that meansmay yet~be employed for peace between de Myna and FETU.The receipts of last month to 15th May,when accounts closed,were Marks 149: 6: 5-^.May 1. At 1.30 am left for Moure by canoe *ith the Fiscaland Surgeon and arrived at 4 o'clock am, in orderthat everything might proceed in good order i f Van der Costcame to die. The surgeon came to examine the sick, as theya l l lay sick there. From CORMANTIJN -came ngws that theACANIST, ADWOU, who in his lifetime stayed mostly at Moure,died yesterday. He used to bring much gold with which totrade. Various Acanists and inhabitants came to welcomeme], with the request that the merchandise might be soldsomewhat cheaper, saying that gold would now begin to comedown daily as some dispute that the~e had been for a longtime in the interior was Heeided.had been decided. I observedthat there was some gold among the Mourees, but thatthey were very much afraid to spend it si ce they were confident,and on what Mr Mulgrave had given out, that an Englishship would arrive in a few days; and as, then, an alterationin the Price List (Markt brief) would very likelybe made, they w i l l buy at a better price. It is/"loze vont"

1646. 65.which the Blacks have found,for some time past, to hold uptheir gold t i l l the time of underselling. ...May 2. ... The ACANISTS come to beg me a second time tosell the goods cheaper, protesting why we don't130(a) Lywaet pr benda as the English. To which replied tothem that I am indeed assured that the EHlash give 130(a)prbenda, but that it is very bad and therefore they do notsell it. Finally they begin to jpMjfiK—I ask that theymay be given something as a present by me, which on manyconsiderations I have not wished to pass over, and thereforepresented them with an anker of liquor at 12 engels.At 10.30, factor Cornells van de Cost died. - Body sent toElmina for burial.- Wrote to Fiscal (at Elraina) to sendcanoe at once to Axem to bring factor Doeckes here; and acanoe goes to CRAA for factor Hogenhoeck, so that we canconsult as to what is best for the Company.May 3. ... Meanwhile JAN HENNEQUA of FETU back (achtewegen)from the King, to beg me that peace mightbe made between DEL MYNA and FETU; which agreed to(aannam)May 4. ... Some ACANISTS coming from CORMANTIJN reportthat Mr Molgrave wishes to take away from the Blacksthe merchandise that they buy. at the 3 slavers lying there;whereupon the factors of them tell the Blacks to come onboard and what they so buy,they w i l l bring on shore withtheir boats and release them from a l l damage. What w i l l resultfrom this time w i l l show. ~May 5. Left Moure with Coymans, 10.30; arrived de Myna1.30, whertf found the state very sad, 23 beingvery i l l . At Moure left 29 men, of whom 9 sick. TheCaptains and Caboceros come to greet me and to condoleover the great mortality. I put before them that JANHENNEQUA of FETU had been to me at Moure and had asked formeans to be devised how peace might be restored betweenthem. The MYNSE remain obstinate and say that is not theirintention, about which I have stoutly "beschroopt" them andsaid that i f any misfor+une overtakes the TJryn"se, they w i l l l*fbe the cause of it. Adjourned t i l l Monday next. ...Hay 6. In morning with opening of the gate,dispatched aservant to COMANY & C-riAMA, in order to persuade(*imwiAîpzeg^ the factor Froen, notwithstanding that hedaily suffers from languishing sickness and I have alreadyallowed his discharge, to continue in the service of theCompany for yet half a year. ... To the Commany factorord red that when the yacht comes from Chama, to embark

66. 1646.a l l goods and merchandise and provisionally to abandon theFactory, provided he informs the Captain and Caboceros ofit, which is not done through disfavour butthrough necessity, but not to say that we wish to abandontheir post for always. Also ordered him to t e l l this, byexpress, also to the King TACY. - (Marginal note to aboveentry, in another hand;- "Par faute van Comisen,Chama teverlaten, segge-Comany te verlaten'))May 7. - Six persons,chiefly soldiers,died within 24hours at Elmina and Moure.- ... Some messengerscame on behalf of the old King's brother, to t e l l me thatthe said King'.s brother has allowed, and given gold for thepurpose, the people of ATTY, SABCUW, and the King of COMANY,in order that they may together fc«#e*-

1646. 67.resolution to take over the office of Chief Factor, andJoris van Hogenhoeck to Moure for same purpose. In theafternoon appears the ACANIST QUAU, Captain over thosehere (reporting) that a l l the ACANISTS who have for solong' usually stayed at Moure had f led*** £o*.mj»tijn fromfear of the mortality that had befallen both the Whitesand Blacks +here. (Note. This report confirmed by letterfrom Hogenbroeck on 17/5.).ri*4May 18. ... The King of FETU sent by some Acanists aBlack to be put to death in requital for the4 Mynse women and a ,-jian whom the FUTUEnS had snittendead, as previouiiy referred to. 1 at summoned the Caboceers.who at once "hem te boom wmViae''"^kilt'eVnriTif -•hung ?), and then afterwards to speak about the Kingpaying yet a large aum amend in gold. Examined the personbrought, who acknowledged that he had cut off the head ofone of the massacred women, as he had been sent out forthat purpose by the King's son. I had him put in thecell and stipulated that HENNEÛA and oEAN CLAESZ shouldcome here to see the dispute settled.May 20. '.'Whitsunday. Much rain. In afternoon, theyacht "Reaal" arrives, bringing the gold receivedfrom CRAA and MOURE. The skip}er reports that 2small English ships, that had sailed from Cormantijn,hadlain there for 2 days without doing anything, nor receivinggold. The Blacks are timid of sailing to such shipsfor fear ef that they w i l l be carried off. One of theseFnglish had been on shore and asked the sub-factor to beallowed to come into the Lodge, which had been refusedhim; but understand that the smaller of theee two shipsw i l l sail to/Benyn, in order to rrovide Mo1 grave's yachtwith men.M a y ^ ^ k ^ B * T h e Assietant Cornells der 3ardijn, comes«i5A*? n ^ summons from Craa _(s4c), reports on behalfof Factor > Joris van Hogenhoeck,. that nearly a l l thewestern turret (round bastion) had fallen down (gestort)into the moet: which grieves us extremely, as it lies soopen arid we can give no help in men ( This clearly refersto Moure Fort). ...May 26. In morning, a l l the Captains and Caboceros cameup to greet me and expressed sorrow about themeat loss in people. They sought to understand fromme whether it is true that the King of FETU had hadthe ACANISTS told that he does not wish them to come here

68. 1646.and trade. I replied to them yes; and feigned to themthat it was not of much consequence to us, in order notto make them too "gevaerdig"; but meanwhile do our bestthtt(they)raay be appeased, so that trade may progress,tV*ff and to drawjvhe. 'igereetste" gold out of the ACANISTSin this " v e m l H a T d e marct". Urged them to takecouncil about this so that they might come to appeasement.May 27. ... The CRAA canoe leaves with a present of3 ounces to the Caboceros, as they have longtroubled me about it. Yet I w i l l not neglect to remainin friendship with them, s i M t h w J « m » t

1646. 69.Continuation of the Journal last sent^ *' b y> ^ n e sîP "Haerlem" , of Amsterdam,& now begins on, 1st June 1646. [tSlC. oc.\\~]June 1. The "Haerlem" sailed for home at 12.30 am, with28 eaters & 22 guns, leaving us with 137 personson shore, both "treyns gasten" and soldiers. Hope l anJ T£hi ithe Hon. Gentlemen w i l l shortly send us relief. Letter "from Chama thataa large part of the southern walls had fallendown, which is not to be remedied in the time of theserainy months. From Moure cone urgent complaints that itis no longer possible to relieve the guards which are already-so weak, and s t i l l more men fall into the sick bay(Coy}-. God rr nt that the yacht "Reaal" may shortlycomplete its voyage from Axem, to bring down 10-12 menfor the reinforceinent of both Del Mina ^ndôrt Nassouw.June 2. ... JAN HEIMNEQUA and JAN uiÂLSEN let ne knowthat they would have come here already, but thatas a principal ACANIST has died there, they are obliged todelay for 5 or 6 days yet. , ; ...,June 3. ... A reliable Black, naned Jantê, living atCORMANTiJS, cones to inform us that the Fnglishship will shortly leave, and that Tymon Molgrave is takingmuch trouble to dispose of his bad lywaet at 130(lopr benda:and that he h s not more than 5-6 cases. This -dvice, andmore ?ot from him is servicable to the Company, consequentlypresented him.-with 8 oz.June 6. In norning come tat returns of sales from CRAA,since 15th uaay, consisting in 1° marks. TheFiscal (Caarlof, then stationed there) complains verymuch about the Amsterdam lywaet that he has now first openedand finds so bad. The Caboceros have thankfully reaccerfedthe jresent of 3 ounces lately sent them, buthad hoped that it would ha\.ePsSmewhst more.«ttgfes5JMt^jRe-titfeaot^^ tort lB9A*fj+**£aaoJi^WirwirtlTuwlii agM aaniomnr|*#i irian nnrtna nrBWfceaftttw pirn fattmewwl fafcjiMKaawfrMUMjq *iy»waea»Me«eî»tJliainia#fHjnfff

70. 1646.June 12. Heavy rain most of last night (frequent entpries of rain in May & June). In afternoonunderstand from Blacks that Mr Mulgrave had sailed yes-• terday.June 13. In morning at 11 o'clock, on their previousrecuest, the Captain and Caboceros come up,1f***"rt1 Tf fHi******— *~"ttntrr* Trrtm •"'^P******MMftge*g|gfc!»a»^«a,m*3nwr#-**&&am departed. A BlacK from COK-MANTIJN buys 238 iron staves from which I can defin'telyconclude that the English are out of them. The Blackscannot yet resolve to buy lywaet of which we are mostlysupplied at this market price, notwithstanding that weobserve that they th very much needed them. 3od grantthat no Fnglish may shortly appear, in order to breakthe market.June 14. In morning appear the Captains and Caboceros in"competent" number, O&ej420£«£aa&£tt^&3£2$£^*rmijTinniin i / "mutiffitrtiT i "rrriitn r~rirTmmua itiiji ffrimnrninwni'iîrL9te*n&A+*i "fhey beT^n their proposal, saying that theyhad understood that a principal Black of FETU, named JANHENNEQUA, w i l l come here to-day to negotiate and give satisfactionfor the affronts done to del Myna Concerning the4 weaea Mynse women and one jjjan, previosly so shamefullymassacred without reason. Although it is true that theyhave, on the one hand, rut the FETU man to death, whichthey^tttvw?aH**t the one -Ttptri^Htp*.iftt?ftsê^>sa t i s f -tio^ô^^-l^^^^^â&^^tbfigg-âft^fl.*^-I->ft»a *ht asmuch «Mpo*#t&-l* ! W liYdthfeA^tti^m t^-be , *rjjb#A%^re^t*nd'-*

1646. 71.In afternoon the Captain of the Acanists,who has been atFTTU for some time, appears with JAN HENNEQUA togetherwith some Acanists, when Hennequa gave me his hand and Ibade him welcome, although he appeared to be very perturbedand/tiflSffi-eftea that he would suffer some harm at myhand*., but I/Jfee^ let it appear to him that this w i l l notbe done, butjm* him free pass in his arrival and departuresuch as is due to an envoy who comes in such a quality;which relieved his mind and he became more talkative.Nevertheless I afterwards told him that the fault committedby the King had led tori nothing else than to' the prejudiceof the Company and that it was therefore time toappease the people of Del Myna. He said he had receivedorders from the King for that purpose.June 15. This morning a l l the Caboceros went to Hennequa's house, to greet him, who presented themwith £ anker spirits, without forgetting to speak to usin the hope of a good agreement, JiTOttrairi^fltiw*»

72. 1646.The following, omitted from p. 69:-June 5. This morning received, by canoe, a letterfrom Tymon Molgrave,Fnglish factor. Retortshe intends to depart within 2-3 days and offersjtotake home any-letiers. I thought i t not inadvis¬able to write a/letter to the XIX to give informationof our needs, but not to refer to our further state.This letter goes under cover to Mr Wm van der Heyde,Director at Middelburgh, so that the English shouldnot break it open.June 18. This morning, after having done some trade withJAN HENNEQUA, he asked that the dispute betweenthe Mynse and Fetuers might be settled so that everyone mayfreely travel hither as he pleases. Have had the Captainsand Caboceros summoned for to norrow.I •HUM ' -June 19. In morning appear the Captains'and Caboceros of*• " H^Tia : "wi th'-the -,envoy sent on Sen-elf of-the'King* o f FFTTJ, assisted by the .Captain of the-ACANISTS. to decidethe disputes, arisen a long time ago, between/%8e parties.Saving taken the proceedings in hand, the people of delMyna claimed that for the affronts suffered both by the k i l ling 0'f"'ffleir people and otherwise, the King and his subjectought to be condemned i n 15 Bendas gold; and i f they w i l lnot undertake to jay this, the paths shall again be closed,"~nfl each remain in his own district. The envoy, Jan Hennequaclaims that this demand is unfounded, but acknowledgessome guilt. Meanwhile, various discourses on either side,and so the matter was ^journed.June 20. A meeting of the Captains and Caboceros againheld to jut an end to the affair with FETU.Thoseof Del Myne would have no reduction in-the demand made yesterday,so I had to address them with threats that i f thepath/ was again closed and no traders came here, I would notpay them the present (dasje) from new coming ships. Aftermany hard words on both sides, I brought the matter so farthat the King of FETU shall pay to those of De Myna a penaltyof 11 Benda gold on the und

1646. 73.and made many uneven places, so that the g£ guns could notpoint out of the loop holes.June 21. This evening an express came from the King ofFETU, with approval of what had been done here ^by the Snvoy Hennequa. ... > vdiJune 22. This morning I called together the envoy of the ^v^JeKing of FETU, the Captain of the Accanists, togetherwith the Mynse Captains and Caboceros to confirmwith oaths the peace between both parties, made the day beforeyesterday, v.hich was done in the following manner:-First came the Mynse Captains, each separately, and touchedmy head with their hands, promising to watch them andto exhort the community Ret te get inte that they may notget into any contention with the FETU people. The envoyJan Hennequa did likewise. After that, their oath wasconfirmed by some of the principal Mynse Caboceros, whowere cut on the upper part of the hand with a knife sothat the blood came. This also was done by the EnvoyHennequa,and/The Captain of the Acanists as mediatortuponwhich followed the usual blessings (segeningen) on eitherside. At once had the peace cried and made known to a l l .Hennequa promised to pay the 11 bendas within 10 days,andleft shortly afterwards for Fetu. Got definite news fromCormtintijn th -t the r^S&y had drawn in the lywaet 10(a) prbenda, as he see»«khat wt do not fcuLlow him>against 136 (a> ,but this could well tend to bad"vaert" seeing that the lywaetis very bad. and is getting spoiled (?,.June 24. Sunday* In afternoon eas« the Captain of theAcanists came up and says that he had got a traderat his house who had 3-4 marks in gold, to buy lywaet.He very urgently requests that we w i l l reduce the pricesomewhat, not doubting that the Acanists w i l l then resolveto buy the lywaet. I have refused hi:./ this; but h-ve toldhim this much,that if he and Jan Hinnequa and Jan Claesscan bring it about, as they are the biggest traders, th^t ^.-Jfor the Company to give a small present to the principals•»* than " n«va^h^cri~^^n. Dito captain agrees to take the * >>«»^fU ,same in hand. V/e consequently await the effect "en sober•op belofte".

74. 1646.June 25. - Dispute between a Company slave and someMynse about the ownership of a ahocp"*^*...After hearing witnesses on either side, could come to not&cauUo decision but that "met steenen soude werpen en wie vanH\fiS beyde partyen d' Hoochste ogen had,sal cabriet genieten,"

1646. 75.fZQM^jfM*) *Hra*tf

76. 1646.sent an express canoe from Cormantijn with the request thatour surgeon might come there .to visit their, preacher wholay mortally sick; who left at-11 o'clock with irfstruetlonsto' keer a-sharp look.out whether he can see i f the partyhas much-lywaet as.also other merchandise. "The Captain &Caboceros come to see me about various matters, upon whichI gave the necessary orders. The King of Sabou sent me aa present, with his welcome, of 1 sheep, 6 fowls, a nd a potof wine, for which I sent a "cerpet" of 12 engs.,in recompence.June 30. ... From CRAA come the June monthly sales,consistingin 36 Marks; 7 oz: 8 eng. The Fiscal(at Craa) reports that his sub-factor Keynier Carstensz issick. ... The Receipts for the month were Mk-136«!ft*», strongly urge themto come there; but understand that they have not yet cometo that resolution. ... ('P , Mrewwd>gii i 'jui •tftrama-). ...July 3. -Another English ship "aolden Star" from Londonarrived at Cormantijn, f u l l of Coast cargo.-July 4. In morning came a l l the fugitive Cormantijn Cabocerosand Captain, and represented that theyhad heard that I would depart to Del Myna to-moreow, andas they would henceforth now shelter under my wings, I wouldremeher remember them with some"dash" (dasje). Repliedthat that was not my intention, but when one year had passedand they would also sign and promise to f u l f i l any Articlesthat I shall propose to them, that "ik alsdan 't ook ophaar sal hebben". With which they had to be satisfied;nevertheless with long begging they were given a cloth of4 eh engels to drink; which for the good of the CompanyI also had to do fee tho and to gitoe to the Cartain of theACANISTS and company, 8 engels for drink. ..."lot advisefrom Charaa, via de Myna that there had sailed past a newship from home, named St Pieter from Rotterdam, which comfortedour sadness. Therefore resolved to-night to sgilby canoe to that ship, which, the Blacks who brought theletter said, was near to the roads.

1646. 77.July 5. In morning at 4 o'clock, departed per eaneelarge canoe from Moure to windward. At 7 o'clockcame to the newly arrived ship, named 'St Pieter" on behalfof the Chamber on the Mase; sailed out on 9 May;bringsa cargo of f.248,479: 2: 0; mounted with 16 guns iron and8 brass guns: 100 men, among whomj? 50 sailors for the ship20 soldiers for the shore, and 30 soldiers and sailors forfor St Thome, with a cargp for that Island of f. (sic).Thanks and praise to God, this ship comes at a very fineseason in order to oppose the English party with underselling,for which we are now well armed; we doubt notthat we shall receive large sums of gold as the Blackshave held up their gold for a long time and long hoped tobuy cheap, which now happens according to their wyfish.I at once proceeded to examine in the letters receivedfrom the Lords and Masters, and-the provisions co ae to us,being surprised that we received no letter from the Assemblyof the 7 XIX. We should also have made a distribution,with the Factors now here, in order to supply eachfactory, but seeing the confused state of the Invoices,we could not do so, a we could not find how much eachcase contains. Therefore eaeh the eases w i l l have to bebrought on shore, and each ojened, case by case, whichotherwise could have been shipped by the yachts; »ihichw i l l cause much trouble. Observing that £ yooto onitiu»h»- hakendo Chnnooc Chcnccoe" had come by this ship, and haviulkurting understood from the skipper that there'had been little5IH«JJ6*J/ supervision in their regard, about this, and my sickly* condition, decided to let the Fiscal come"up from CRAAas quickly as possible. .. . \gJuly 6. ... In afternoon arrives ••••the 'yacht "Dolphyn"bring with it asjreturn cargo,5278 lb. elephants'tusks; 56 p. Quaqua cloths; 14 eng gold; besides 160$(?)Arder slave men and women, delivered to Commander Mulder.Consider the death of Factor Hasemberch w i l l be injuriousfor the Company, as now there is not one on the Islandwho understands the trade. "Therefore summoned downFactor Doeckes, stationed at Axem, as he is the most com-Tetent, to send thither from here. It is a wonder thatthe gentlemen do not take better care to send competentFactors here, Sar by* by the ship this ship, but onlyone sub-factor comes among the Assistants, whom we haveto train. But each Chamber is afraid to have the chargeof monthly salaries. Meantime on the other hand,"thepigs run gaily into the corn''(verkens loopen dapper in?in't coren).July 7. Some wet -rovisions sent on shore. The EquipageMaster goes on board to êt the ship to

78. ' 1646.s a i l to the proper anchorage, as she lav rather too farfrom the shore; which was done in the afternoon. I hadtwo slaves, in whom I have some confidence, come on boardto assist in preventing any goods, but the Company 1 s,goon shore, for we find we are greatly deceived in employingsoldiers who already let themselves be corrupted byJan Hagel; with threats that I would have their heads cutoff i f I got to know that they had allowed themselves tobe bribed or received any presents from anyone to overlookanything: but on the other hand i f they serve faithfully,I would give each a fine cloth and their wives a sheet.They make great promises and I await the effect. At nightwhen the first watch was nearly over the Blacks came to warnme that three canoes were hovering about the ship in order %get some goods. v aI •tf8t egiit.aflfili«5apSafia!:^ ^ f ^ t e S 1 : ,though very sickly/and searched along the gallery^Coverloop)with Jeremias Loten t i l l we came past the bitt (betingh),where we found 6 kegs beads, so i t appeared, and 7 piecesserge, which I had brought into the cabin. One of theBlacks above saw four more kegs, as before, After furthersearch, and finding nothing/ more to be obtained, went backto the cabim, very tired.July 8. In morning, engaged in keeping sharp supervisionat the unlading that no private merchandise wasput in the boats. In afternoon at 2 o'clock, appears theFiscal, to whom communicated Various matters and how best .T?/*'^tmmfA*u%/ to get at the/g' SBÛICI iTj", for which the keeping of good*> watch at night is necessary.July 9, 10, 11, 12. t D i r « Oen. went on shore on 9th.Further entries of unloading of shipand finding of private goods, about K which the cook'smate (Cocks maet) put in the powder chamber.-?]July 14. This morning a meeting of a l l Captains andCaboceros, where appeared an envoy on behalf ofthe BRAFFO of FANTYN, for the making of peace between bothparties over some dispute which they have had with eachother for some time. So it is agreed that the MYNSEfishermen may freely have their residence (zit plaats) inihe territory the BRAFFO, extending £r.o.2J AJANESIAN3Hto lAETPOU t This peace was cried through the village. Alarge canoe departs to Moure with merchandise from delMyna. Are daily busy carefully unlading. Fiscal Caarlofrej?ep%8 comes on shore and reports he has obtained 2 kegsbeads.July 16. Factor Heyndrick Froon,at Chama,transferred to

1646. 79.Axem, vi::e Reynier Doecques, transferred to St Thome.July 17. In morning the empty canoe came back from MoureHogenhoeck (devises that the last arrived Englishyacht does its best to come upwards. Believes it wishesto come before CABO CORS (vertrouw/^ d'wil voor C.C.heeft)The skipper had been on shore at Moure, and the factor hadasked for 2 casks water whîch had been given him. ...July 18. The Fiscal Caarlof came on shore having examineda l l quarters of the ship. Instructed himto institute proceedings in respect of the goods found byme and him. The expelled Car tain AMADQUW appears herewith his followers and slaves, to speak to me about theirmatters; but having other business on hand, he w i l l comebefore me to-morrow. Understand that the other Caboweroswho have fled from COR.*ANTIJN besides him, w i l l departigaintf to Cormantijn.July 19. On opening of the g te comes Joris van Hogenhoeck,on my summons, into the Castle. ...Reports that the English yacht, seeing no chance of comingup, had dropped down again to Cormantijn. After dinnerconvened the Council and first deliberated ove- the privategoo^s caught both by me end the Fiscal, amounting to25 marks, 2 engels; which" by a majority of votes, were declaredforfeitedJuly 24. ... One of the principal Blacks of CRAA,named ST JAGO, came to visit me 3-4 days ago,and wished me success in the government. This Black, accordingto the testimony of Joris van Hogenhouck and FiscalCaarlof, is very helpful to our Nation, in what we may belacking: also, so they say, brings 1/3 of the gold thatcomes down, and never have been able to observe that he ^goes {wts>*.%r+»*4&*$ to foreim nations. Presented me withan extraordinarily fine sheep, so that for various considerations,in the interests of the Company, could not letthis person depart without giving him a present of 6 "pees"for himself and his company. The King of JABIJ and thepeople of Chama sent some deputies with presents fromboth places, 4 sheep, and greetings from the King andCaboceros. Presented them with liquor and they^left t i l ltomorrow when they w i l l tell the reason of their cominghere* to

8 0 . 1646.his followers, that he shall cone and live here at delMyna; for which purpose we have appointed a placeacross ("o.vsr"-> the river, in the hope that there w i i la new village of CORiwANTIJNS and ACANISTS w i l l be rained,t*kU^ (aonfoclten) there. Some expenses were incurred onerthis to the charge of the Company, as presents,consistingin 1 "carpet',' 5 sheets, and 3> ameer liquor, amountingto 0: 1: 1 0 eng. were given to the said Captain andhis eorapany. ... In evening AMADOU leaves for Mourein order to t e l l his people (gesellschap) what contracthe has made with me.July 27. ... The JABIJ Blacks,assisted by the Chamas,come up, stating from the mouth of the King &Caboceros of both places that they received no present onthe departure of the Ron. »ur Ruychaver, nor have receivedanything since y government; they therefore respectfullyrequested to be treated as other places along the Coast.Having considered their request and that we often have needof (- nn do en hfthben-) this river in order to cut wood, whichon many occasions we cannot miss, presented them with2 oz. 7 i e r c h a n d i s ^ ^ H ^ ^ M | H H H H BJuly 2 8 . In the morning came the Black, named Jantje,from CORMANTIJN whom we employ in order totn learn the state of the English with, convejuenge (gnlogen-,^vU«uj/ it-fr; reports that the party have a good assortment ofeverything, but because of the heavy seas for some timepast they have little goods on shore yet. Seeks to sellt ""ade the most current goods at present desired by theBlacks at these -rices namely, iron at 3 engels: sheets2 0 P. rr benda; boatswains knives 20 (?): but lywaet itappears they w i l l let come at 130^* pr benda, whereas wegive 136 (ai. The Black declares as the truth that they„ c J * have yet received little gold. On this report and since/ the Black boldly cornyled as in hatred of the Englishes©rncckt"',I have, as the Company is much interested insuch reports, -resented him with 8 engels. Receivedletter from CHAMA that 5 days ago a trader from EDOM hadbeen to del Myna and spent Mk.l: oz.7: eng.12. with whichhis intention ha/d been to leave for EDOM. Coming to thepaths from JABIJ, the JABIJS took everything from°him &wounded his brother. I am not pleased about this, havinglately given them presents; but hearing having heard that'the J B A L J S had not yet left, I summoned them into theCastle, and without them knowing anything about what hadhappened, told them (I) was very perplexed, not beingsatisfied that this had been done with the knowledge ofthe King of JABIJ, have kept them under arrest, and sentone of them to JABIJ with a Caboceros of del Myna and aCompany slave to learn the reason of this. ...

1646. 81.July 30. -The "Dolphyn" despatched with goods, FactorDoeckes and 16 soldiers and sailors to St Thomeand to fetch 150 slaves fCQjJ tthe Calbary for that place.The Fiscal goes to CRAA for some' merchandise. In eveningthe Axem canoe arrived with Assistant Gelendonck whom weintend to place at CABO CORS.August 1. Received letter from Froon at Axem, by canoe, jLûJanireporting that on the 30th he sighted a sail fQ>which found to be a fluyt; and on going to it was told it < . •'•came from GOTTENBORCH, having no Coast, but a Bight,cargo L 'in order to get slaves; intended to set course along thecoast to sell his private goods, and also to touch at StThome to see i f he can do any trade with the Portuguese.On this advice, called in Factor Coijmans, Jert.nias Loten,and the Fcuippage Master to hear their advice, nave foundgood to cause +he Fiscal, who yesterday departed for CRAAby the yacht "Dolphyn", to come here as quickly as possible,and to send the F.uippage Master to CHAuA to keep a lookout and on sighting the vessel to board her and make enquiries.August 2. ... The Blacks who come from windward informus that the aforesaid ship is lying anchoredbefore TACCORARY. ?.'e are rea£ completely readyto sail up quickly. In trade, nothing particular happens.To-day departs Jan lelendonck Assistant to CABOCORS, in order to take charge of that factory as sub-factor,and w i l l infuture be increased from f.12, per month tof.20. The sub-factor stationed there, Jerrit van Tetsw i l l take charge of the factory Chama, for which he w i l learn f.30 monthly.August 3. In morning at 6.30. -mane Equippage Master cameback, j -jaliarts ••-«»« that- the Baas had beenon board the Fluyt coming from Taccorary, and on returnretorted it was a Fluyt: the Captain, very ..ell known tohim,ririamed ARENT GABBES, whoKad sailed out of the Vlieto GOTTENBURCH on 13 April ... and had sailed from GOTTENBURCH on 12 May; declared he had no coast cargo, butsome liquor on his private account; but intended to goto the Calbary or Angola for slaves and then to sail to [Cv\-At*+1the Cribbes Islands; about 150 tons; 39 eaters; 16 ironguns: provided with a Swedish Commission. Most of thecrew consisted in Hollanders. This ship anchoredbefore COMPANY. -August 4. In morning about 10 o'clock the Fiscal arrivedfrom CRAA.... reports*further that «4-mor-fc -no gold was received there this/month, because the

82.sub-f• ctor Reynier Carstensz had rebuked Cbeschrobde) a31nck who brought $ oz. falsa gold. It appears he .Busth^ve been a friend of some Caboceros or other of CRAA,who Bade complaint to the King; whereupon the King forbadetrade; but it is hoped that it w i l l now be done. ...... At 3.30 arrives the Swedish ship, rires several salutesto which replied with a few. Anch rs somewhat abovethe ship "St lieter". (Te had hojed h§ûld havecome on shore by his boat, but #«-at sal If to theship "St Pieter" about 5 o'clock.August 6. -."fter deliberation with various of the Companyserv nts, it was decided to do no hostilitieste a-r-inst the Swedish ship Fluyt, as it would beof no benefit to the Jo nj any, and so .a to : iuse no difficultyto Jo p ; but to make suitable Protest toto th' skipper Jabbes to-morrow. ... received letter fromSkipper Gabbes offering to a

1646. 83.to have been bought from the crew of Arent Gafeesen Gabbesen;1/3 for the Company, 1/3 for the Fiscal, 1/3 for the poor.Arent 3abbesen goes on board and says he w i l l sail to-day.August 9. In morning the Swedish ship, "St Jacob", sails,but first proceeding seawards, could not seei f she would anchor at other places along the Coast.August 12. In morning with the opening of the gate appearsthe English Preacher, saying that he has beensick for some time, and now he finds himself somewhat morerobust he has come to visit us. Advises that Arent Gabbesenarrived before Cormantijn on Friday last, and soughtto sell some liquor. To-day married (troude) Jan WolfJongraan to Tryntgen(?) tfendricxz, widow of Jan Suyrman.In afternoon comes a Black from Cormantijn who reportsthat Arent Gabbesen had sailed yesterday. From CRAAcomes a letter that the "Commandeur" is behaving very badlyfcdcqipcg*.de^teêt*speed^ and has again forbidden theBlacks to trade with us. What w i l l happen, time w i l lshow.August 16. An express canoe appears from CRAA with letterfrom the Fiscal in which he reports the "iraportuniteit"of the Blacks there, by closing the trade; andthe means he has resorted to in order to open it, and beforecoming to that, it has cost the Company more than onemark gold. By returning letter I have given orders howhe must act in : uture in that case. ...August 18. ... Made a searching enquiry from an ACANIST trader if he could give sufficient reasonswhy no more gold came down, since everything was now to beobtained at a reasonable trice. He gave as a reason thatthe goods which were bought by them here had little salein the interior; and also that a certain slave in ACANYhad murdered his master, and fled into the district andto those te whe* th who buy their goods, without them beMable to get the slave. From this,he presumes,arises theshutting off of t he gold coming down, since the buyers •»"fear that thwy w i l l be seized by the ACCANISTS. This,so far as I can understand, is this Black's reason whygold does not come down.August 19. (Sunday) ...August 21. ... Six deputies on behalf of the BRAFFOof FANTYN appear with the offer of presentsof 3 sheep, and w i l l come tomorrow, with the Caboceros ofMyna, to tell me for what purpose they have come. I

84. 1646.replied that I thanked them for the offer from the BRAFFO,but that I wpuld not accept the sheep t i l l I had heardtheir proposition. With that they left.August 22. i This morning, after service, appeared theCaptains of del Myne and the six aforenameddeputies, and after greetings, made the following proposal:-That they appear on behalf of the BRAFFO of FANTYiMFNI¥N, the ACANISTS at CORMANTIJN, and the people of thevillage of ANNEMABO situate $ mile(myl) above Cormantijn,in order to appease the differences which the Company hashad with the BRAFFO and the ACANISTS at CORmlANTIJN, fromwhich has arisen that we have removed both ships & yachtsfrom before the port of CORMANTIJN. They see that wecontinue in this, but nevertheless they** very greatlydesire that they may enjoy such again. And in case weconsider that such ships cost too much in expenses forour Masters, then they make the proposal and request, byorder of the BRAFFO, ACANISTS, and the people of ANNEMABO, that i f the Company is pleased to establish a Lodgeeither at CORMANTIJN or ANNEMABO, it w i l l be highly pleasingto them; they therefore begged that we would acceptthe three accompanying sheep. Having heard their proposal,replied thus;- As so many affronts had been doneto us by the said BRAFFO, and on several occasions appoaoodwith great/ JH>e« (vorcQheyden-sjtXLnden met -groo-teiougoningcn leugehcn gcpaijtv, we could not therefore attachany value to this new proposal, nor rely upon i t ;and as we had left their port 1^- years ago, and did notobserve that injury to the Company had resulted, butprofit had thereby been made, we could not therefore resolveto grant their request; but would keep the matterunder consideration (advys houden) t i l l the arrival of thefirst ship from home, for on his arrival, Mr Ruychaverwould make verbal report to the Directors "ten dicn fyne"and about the reasons why he has left the port. If theHon gentlemen thereupon give orders to trade again at theirport, we shall act accordingly; but I trusted that theywould leave i t to me, as I found best for the Company.Toe 7 this reply, they s t i l l more beg and entreat again thatthat we would agree, by saying further that i f we were willingto plant the Arras of the States General or of theCompany at CORMANTIJN or ANNEMABO, we might freely do so.To this I told them that it wouid be bad (4tw»aa44tj.W) for usto do so as they have already allowed this to the English.They replied that they had nothing to do with the Englishin this regard, and that they could do what they liked i ntheir own country. I accepted the 3 sheep that they hadpresented to me, for various reasons in order to showthem that they were not entirely without hope, as I do not

1646. 85.know how the wishes of the Hon. Gentlemen might afterwardsf a l l out. They hereupon dispersed, to pay me a secondvisit tomorrow; but chiefly to see what presents wouldbe given them in return for the 3 sheep. ...The reasons why the deputies make such strenuous intercessionto have a ship or yacht, or for a lodge to be made,which I give in this Journal, are these:-The BRAFFO of FANTYN has formerly always received fromthe Company, if any new ship arrived from home,/^thc wel- *Pf*T*ooms of thut whioh imported fro for tho fiJt fit 1 at time, *^ • L(de- vi rlcomrst van dion dat voor cor-ot imps too import eertie), fcrt ** ****2 oz: 4 eng. for each ship; and further extraordinary U*»upresents that occurred thereon (daarop loop cn)J'-so»"to theCaptains and Caboceers; and, what is s t i l l much more, the *a t o l l from the Blacks who bought our goodsf which arenow greatly missed since, Cj&nd. especially i f the Fnglishare not supplied with any current wares) the gold comingfrom the ACANISTS who live at CORMANTIJN, is diverted to L 0 / l #>]/MOURE; and from this therefore he/receives no toll becausethe goods are taken away through the Kingdom of SABOU;wherefore on this account he is deprived of it . (vnrrtnalrrnThe ACANIST traders, who stay at CORMANTIJN, also missthe ordinary dues (ordinaris recht), as also the extraordinarypresents that they were accustomed to receive on thearrival of new ships, and in particular, their Captain,who drew 12 engels monthly; s t i l l this is regarded as theleasts among them,for when they have two separate Nationsamong them they ws enjoy more profit in everything.Besides this, the present Factor of the English has thispractice (dees maxime) - about which the Cormantyn tradersstoutly complain every day that they are tied down ( geknevelj)by hira^ - that/ in the selling of many parcels ofhis goods he does not follow us, which causes the gpemost prejudice to the traders (en in veel partyen vanverkoop syner goederen ons niet en volgt 1 twelck de meesteprenuditie van den Cooplieden bijbrengt). I cannotunderstand that that he does his masters service thereby,especially i f (eisO the Hon. Genta supply the Coast welland suitably with goods; for by this means he drives thetraders away, and diverts the gold.The people of ANNEMABO would like to have a ship or aLodge so as to benefit their place and the inhabitantsget r rofit; which also would not cause any loss to theBRAFFO of FANTYN, since a l l goods which re sold there

86. 1646.would not cause the FANTYNS to suffer prejudice to theirt o l l , as a l l these these purchasers are obliged to travelto ACANY by way of FANTYN.August 24. In morning the deputies appeared again, aboutthe proposal to have a ship, yacht, or au>dge made, either at CORMANTIJN or ANNEMABO. They wereinformed that I was not inclined to do this now, but mustconsider the matter t i l l the arrival of the first newship from home, and they must be content to wait pati-•**»->Vv >J ently and submissively t i l l then. Gave them 2 oz. in5b»A\* -jkexchange for the present of 3 sheep, and they went away*"i »*» satisfied. ...IBiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiHIiiiiiJJJJJJJJiiJJJJH, August 25. ... The yacht "Visser" returned from avoyage to the Benyn and the Bight (whithershe left on 9th April) bringing 8,004 lb. tusks and8 marks; 13-^ eng. gold. This is a bad return cargo oftusks, but theê is so much competition frb-m foreign nations,and very little (byna nieb veel 1') can be got for. l8* * * - ! t h e company.August 26. (Sunday) ...August 27. In morning, at the opening of the gate came acry (geroep) that the people of A(B;RAMBOUhad made a raid (gevallen in) into GREAT COJIOANY last night,at the instigation (dam- inntal lj nrrr n) of the lately expelledKing and some chiefs of A(B)RAM30U. Many women &children killed. King TACY at first found himself desertedby the GREAT COMENDENAARS, and consequently had to retirewith his people to one end of the place; but when day* came, the COMENDENAARS camie to his help and together att-Fb-tfi'mJ acked the ABRAMBOEYERS. Many were killed and others fled.• • •August 28. In morning the victory got by the Kin^ ofJREAT COMANY was confirmed by the Blacks, &150 ABRAMBOU heads had been obtained by him. The Cabocerosof del Mina are going there to congratulate the said Kin?.They therefore trouble me very much to send him a presentfrom my hands of an anker of spirits to present to hisvisiting friends. This I refused, but w i l l send by thema long asked for gold ring which w i l l be as a token whenthey hatoe anything to ask of or to do with me. Thisring weighs 12 engels, and was sent to him v»ith the saidCaboceros. ...August. 29. - Shipped some iron on the yacht "Visser" for

1646. 87.the factory OA30 CGR3 and Fort Nassau. - The Obocc-os offor iivLAT CcUANY, come back- ^ y t%M*MPit\t my pleaswrefor the 'Clerking, sayingthis thin had" already been promised for a Ion: time; andnow haH nerd of soaething else to resist his enemy i f hecame back again, and therefore askec for 60 lb. Powder.And a» we observe that the King is disposed to maintain"••ood ^cor••eRpondcnce'' , with us, which in i ny cases can beof use to the Coajnny, we said we would supply him with25 lb. The ABhAMBOUwlPS are well supplied with muskets(roers) and powder which they had obt'ined from the Englishboth a*present "nd on sale. -The Cnboseror rro^tfurther that while they were there, 26 AahAn£.«o>A,' headshad been brought in, which the peasant" ' < out off fromthe scattered pend those of" FETUYOf the ABRAHI MBG'JV.Ei>.S.J * sHiSeptember 3. This morning the King of FETU sent a sheepas pre ent, but w uld. not ccept it, asthe King sks to h ve so i* powder to defend himselfalnst the ABhAiE iDOUH PS. hia threatening eneutea. Thede'uties informed me that the ACANISTS who are at FETOxh d sent posts to the AUKAlfl MBOt - and had them toldthat if thpy did any injury to FETUY, they would b-lngit about te wr i g bpnn?ci») that they sh"ll afterwardsNit the whole of ACANY dsstl upon them. ...

88. 1646.September 5. Sent some lime juice (limoensap) to theship "St Pieter".September 8. ^3lsi£ssS3ttitti*^C^^«G&iaSt&LJL&eKA2n^^ The Kingof GREAT COMANY sent some messengers to thank for the 25lb. powder sent him, but as this could serve little tokeep his enemise in check, he respectfully requested another25 lb., which I decided upon for the Company's serviceand in addition, at the messengers request,presentedthem with lead to cast into bullets. It is not pleaseingto us that the English Chiefs(Opperhoofden), or theirsailors, sell so much powder and muskets(roers) to theBlacks, as we hear da.ily.•mmmmm^L^L^L^L^^^^mSeptember 9. (Sunday). ...September 10. - Loaded the ship "St Pieter" with provisionsfor the Island St Thome.- The ACANISTSof CORMANTIJN sent an express to ask me again that we wouldgive them this pleasure, to have a ship or yacht to liebefore ANNEMABO to trade: with promises to favour us beforethe English in the spending of their gold; to which,had them given in reply that i f they seriously had i n mindany favour (benefit) to my Hon. Masters, I pointed outthat they should come and i "sit" here this week, otherwiseI could not have much faith i n it. The one sent outon behalf of the aforesaid ACANISTS makes known to us thatthe Fnglish have little iron; therefore (I) placed thesame from 2-£ Eng. to 3 Eng. He tells us further that theship "Golden Star" would have set sail already i f theycuuld have got their gold on board which has been delayedthrough the heavy seas.I f 3 L _ _ J b - - | J , iijrfaSeptember 12. ... A l l the ACANISTS here appear in theCastle -nd ask that iron may remain at 2êngels; which have refused them. Meanwhile, enquiring/ what /> dat raauiiueei L 1 * that so little gold comes down< u &* t / n^ daily! They a l l ddclare that a l l the last currentgoods brought out by the ship "St Pieter", bought bythem, are s t i l l mostly lying in ACANY, without findingany demand by the Blacks who would buy them. They cangive little reason for this and differ in opinion. Sentthe large canoe to Moure so that his received gold shallbe brought up by Hogenhouck.September 13. ... - Yacht "Reaal"sent to Chama withlime, to repair the Lodge there.-...

1646. 89.September 15. ... Appeared here from FETUY the Blacknamed JAN CLAESZ, being one of the principalgold bringers, who declared that the King of FETUY greatlyfeared that the people of ABRAHEMBOU would come and fightthem, as a "groot meester" from there, being the brotherof the driven away wife of the King of FETUY had made ademand upon the said King, because of this, of 300 greatBendas, or 84 marks,3 oz. gold, with which to appease theinsult*" which the King has done to this "great Meester" bydriving away his sister. The FETUERS w i l l not give solarge a sum. What w i l l follow oh this, time w i l l show.(Noy.e. 1. Mark is 8 oz; i.e. 84 Marks are 672 oz. 1 Bendais 2 oz; i.e. 672 oz. are 336 Bendas; i.e. 84 Marks are336 Bendas.)September 16. The ship "Regenbooch" of Middelburg arrived;12 iron, 6 brass guns; 32 eaters; havingsailed from Tresif (Reciff ?) on 10 August, with instructions,after calling at St Thome to' load sugar, then toreturn to Brazil; but had been obliged to come here throughcontrary winds and currents. ...September 22. Ship "St Pieter" sailed for home, first toSt Thome with ... 560 Marks gold, 18,004lb. elephants tusks, and 31^- hogsheads lime juice; 5 soldiersand one wife. ... I have to-day ordered some nativesto bring in corn to feed the slaves which w i l l be boughtat Arder. "Regenbouch" to Chama for water & wood.September 23. (Sunday).September 25. -Coul" not send the large canoe with merf^"chandise to CABO CORSO and Moure,becauseof bad weather.- ... At 6.30 received a letter (dd. 24th)from Gerridt van Tete, factor at the small fort Chama,asfollows: ... - That in afternoon arrived here to me, eaone Johannes Metkalff, who said he was lying at TACRAPIEwith two English ships to see if they could get wtaerwater and firewood there; but observing that he could bebetter accomodated here at Chama than there, he thereforeasked me whether their ships might come here for theirwants. I told him that I had no orders to consent tothat, but that I would inform YH. of his request and awaitYH's orders. - Metkalf also offers to trade his goodsto YH so that he can then go to the Bight for slaves.-...On receipt of this letter, called a meeting of the Councillorsrresent here, who decided that Metkalf should notbe allowed by van Tets to h-ve water or firewood, and ifhe wished to sell his goods, to appear here, with his ships.

90. 1646.The large canoe departs at midday for CaBG CORS & MOURE.September 27. In morning at daybreak see the ship mentionedyesterday anchored before COMANY. ...About 9.30 we get sight of a rowing chaloup coming downfrom windward, which arrives at 11 o'clock with the personJohannes Metkalff "Engels Serguyn Mietteraan", whom I receivedia "na si.j waardig waren" and asked for what reesenpurpose they appeared here and in whose name they came.Metkalf "doet een remonstratie op" some questions put tohim, principally how i t comes that he did not remain inthe service of the Company which he served for so long.Declares he requested this many times but no place hadbeen granted him, and therefore he has sought his fortunewith the English to sail out with this ship named "*ariaBona (?)", 130 tons, he says; 20 iron guns and 43eaters, in capacity as second in command under Captainnamed Joris Ritserson(?), besides the yacht on which wasthe captain's brother,... which sailed out of the Downs inMay and reached the Island Bona Vista in 12 days, wheretook in salt (20 tons). n e offered to sell his goods,value f.28,949, which showed complete ignorance of goodsespecially the beads, which decided to do.- metkalf askedfor employment as he complained of his treatment of theEnglish. This.refused because of the protests the Englishwould make (Further as to the tradeof the English at Cormantijn).September 28 The King of FETUY sent somemessengers to desire us to honour his feastapproaching festival, which begins on 2nd October. Give himthanks & accept his present of a sheep and a pot wine, &present him with 2 oz. in merchandise, as my predecessorshave done formerly. Equippage Master went, out before theclosing of the gate in order to proceed to Chama at night,to supervise repairs to the FortT - "September 29. ... The English ship & yacht s t i l l anchoredbefore COMANY. The Caboceros come up,and spent 2-3 hours with them in settling/qaefisieHs whichhave arisen between the Blacks amon ;st themselves. ...The ship "Eendracht" from the Zeeland Chamber arrived; 66eaters/ including 8 soldiers and 10 sailors to stay here;sailed 26 July, having a cargo for this Coast & St Thome!On reading the letter brought,found the Hon.Gentn.had allowed me f.300 p.m. with half share in a l l the limejuice

1646. 91.September 30. -The English ship and yacht dropped downfrom COMANY to £ mile from the roads ofdel Myna. -October 3. -Purchased goods from the Englsih ship to theamount of Mk.27:3:l.October 5. The Captain of the ACCANISTS, who has stayedfor a long time at FETTU to help in the pacificationthat these of ABRAHEMBOUW should not make war onFETU, reports to us, besides JAN HENNEQUA, for certain,that nothing but bad news comes from ACANY, that the Districtsto which they sell their goods are strongly at waragainst the parties lying further inland -(dat de lant-° an hppftw sphapprn dnnr nij hnn ;onti nnn vi M njjii trgrn drv-ei Jtu b lu'll-ant leggi'itdo pcrtycn dapper in oorlog teg-ende nndcro oijn) ggjpd through this, there is no demandfor goods. We/may observe that the ACANISTS besides usare naturally distressed about this state of affairs: andwith a dejected mind say it is to be feared that in thenext six months there is little chance of any gold ofi importancecoming down. In short, the Company is assailed,to the suffering of damage, in many quarters (4oolan),bothwith the sober state of the GQuD COAST/,and the windwardand leeward places, namely the Quaqua Coast and the Bightare so closely navigated by the English slavers that thereis little left for us to get. At 2 o'clock comes a sailin sight selvting course along the shore. Inj evening at6.30 it eame reached athwart the Castle. Flew an Englishflag aft, and fired 3 shots to which we replied. See thatthe Fiscal is doing his best, the Sea being rough, to goon board with the lovernment boat.October 6. -Fiscal Caerlof reports that the ship is acargo ship for the English Company, the facetor on it being Fraheisco Skerles, laden with a Coastcargo, which vexes us as the English had little with themfor the injury of the Company. And through this "entervalle"we are obliged to place the goods with us for underselling.It appears that the Company is in many waysbeing assailed to its damage, and the parties get morecourage in the hopes of gain; but we now have reasonablestuff with'jtahich to oppose the paj^t-iresând to prevent W«*>/them making*any profit, the more so because there is l i t tle gold among the Blacks (through arisen war).-Summonedthe Council & resolution as entry thereof^has been made.

92. 1646.October 7. -Unloading the "Eendracht".-October 8. A trusty Black comes from CORmANTUN; says thatyesterday he was on board the newly arrivedEnglish ship and understood from the Factor FranciscoCherles that he had a good assortment in everything; theship "Golden Star", skipper Mr Huwet,had departed on 29thul£o; and the slave trader and his yacht on the 7th inst.To-day fixed a definite Price M s t (markt brief). Hogenhouckto Moure.October 11. Those interested in the detained goods (seizedon th "Eendracht") came together and veryrespectfully begged for the restitution of the same, declaringthat there "was nothing among them that "op bodemeryis genomen". They"further said that the Hon Gentleaen,at the time th-t they engaged them,said in words, "Men!you must remember that Guinea is a^fat water (•ve^r^rsrerwalar)and therefore you must not stand to win largemonthly pay". It is wretched to see how miserable thefellows stand anee^r M^smuggler>?to be found in Guinea.October 12. Mee+ing of Council - at which the Êie.eh" ofthe fiscal was heard, and the goods seized onthe "Eendracht" declared confiscated; 1/3 for Comapny, 1/3for Fiscal, and 1/3 profit for the poor; being mostly beads,sheets, "past" C?4,knives &c.October 13 Received letter from Mr Hogenhouckthat the ACANISTS there (Moure) were unwillingto trade unless he Hogenhouck assured them that they hadnet teeeR g$ven fey ae te sell orders had not been given byme to sell them/at higher price than at de Myna; and i f suchwas the case they would hold up their gold.October 22. ... In the night the Black, Pieter Dircxse,w i l l go to CORMANTIJN on my behalf in orderthat we may know for certain how the party is selling hisgoods. This was done by me as a test whether anotherBlack residing at CORMANTIJN, and on whose advices we Imuch rely,, always tells the truth.October 23. This morning an English chaloup came to abchornear the roads, laden with merchandise tocarry to the factory at TACCORARY.

1646. 93.October 24. ... About 10 o'clock see two sails,and sentthe factor Jan van Sweede by canoe thither,todiscover on whose behalf they were. At 3 'oclock vanSweede returns and rerorts one small ship to be of 80-90tons, 14 guns, 40 eaters, flying a French flag; the captainborn at Dieppe; Commission from the Crown of FranceOctober 26 The Black, Pieter Dirricxs, wholeft on the 22nd inst. for CORMANTIJN tolearn of the state of the English, returned. The reportagrees generally twith that of a Cormantijner whom we usuallyemploy, staing that little gold is received by them.The principal ACANISTS let me know that they w i l l come &pay me a visit next week, and have something that it is necessaryto si eak about. ltoanCFftt«4*n*itl\*tfiiii)i~'[phi]October 27 Advice from CRAA, through the Fiscalinforms us that the people of SMhLL &GREAT CRAA, 9,000 men in number, have marched out togetherto make war on the people of EATABE, which place is situ-/ ate about 6 miles,; be low CRAA, and came in collision witheach other (laan .molcandcr geraeokt) on the 22nd instant,and was very severe in the manner of the Blacks. The resultwas that LATABEE was defeated and about 1,000 heads broughtin. There was much rejoicing there daily about this.The Fiscal is of opinion from statements (inductie) ofthe Blacks,that it w i l l be very favourable for the trade.We shall see what the effect w i l l be. ...October 29. -The CRAA canoe departed.-October 31. ... In afternoon, the factors Coeymans &Looten depart to CORWu»TIoN, on the long existinginvitation of the English, and further to see whatthey can bring about for the advantage of the Company. TheCoast cargo of the "Eendracht" completely unloaded.November 2. The Axem canoe arrived with monthly saleswhich are sober, in order to maintain êp>te houdcn) so many men. Another large canoe also appearsfrom the same place, with which comes down the daughterof the former C-overnor of the Portuguese named^^-fmanuel CCUREA. This woman is n^.ned Hellena COUKEA, fc§4and had been married._to._th£_-6«»?-) -Poriuguese who, whenct^Lxl/ Axem was/annexed (gcincmporocrtl departed from there,but his \Jife, being a mulatto woman he left remainingthere. ...

94. 1646.November 3. Letter from Chama that yesterday eveninga .great fire occurred there in the village,in which many, including some of our slave, houses wereburnt, and the small Fort was in great danger of sufferingdamage. Praise God i t yet ended so.•November 4. ... As sometime ago we were told by theCRAA. Blacks, who thought to do us some service,that 5-6 miles below CRAA, at a place calledPRAMPRAM, there was a quantity of oye'ster shells for burninglime, the Fiscal was sent there to inspect i f thiswere true, and whether the place was suitable for fetchingthe shells by boat; from whom we afterwards receivedrerort both by letter and in person, that he had obtainedenough-shells for 1-2•ship's load, provided they werebrought by canoes to the boats, which would (have to staybeyond the surf, and then it would be easy to do. Andas there is time/ to do i t before the"Eendracht w i l l depart,have decided to send that ship, as we' are much in need oflime; and have arranged for the Fiscal to sail down with herto proceed with this work: but the ship not to stay longerthan t i l l 7-8 December whether she gets much or littleshells, but in coming up,"to call at CRAA to- take the goldreceived.November 5. ... Two Mynse Blacks come to t e l l me thatthose of FTJTUY wished to bring about to driveaway the King of GREAT COMANY by force, which has arisenfrom a certain Caboceros at GREAT COauANY who has alwayssought to act against ( ? - banderen), aaa whe had against' the King TACT"/, and he, being in consequence driven awayout of GREAT COMANY, took refuge with the King of FETU,and sought, through his help, to avenge the suffered affrontsof the King JACY, and over this, gave some gold to theFETUER, who W»»

1646. 95.In afternoon at 3 o'clock appear before me, accompaniedby the Mynse Caboceros, 10 Camase (Chama) Blacks who complainof their treatment by the factor, van lets, there;by demanding more fish t o l l than was right, and moreover,yesterday, firing on the village with ball from the largecannon; which far exceeds my orders in this time. Thecomplainants request that I w i l l summon him in person, towhich I resolve: and as he has no Assistant, I have sentthe Equippage Master thither, who w i l l leave to-night inorder to take charge of the Fort until van Tets returns,whom I have summoned by letter. ... At dusk 2 decapitatedheads were brought in, with which the Blacks madegreat triumph; but I told them to remove them immediatelyfrom the village, which was done^^^^_^^^_November 6. In the afternoon, in my presence, the marriagewas concluded of Jan Geelendonck,Mulatto, sub-factor, taking charge of the factory CABOCORS. This Jan Geelendonck has sprung from a certainPortuguese captain whose ship was captured by a Companyship in the year 1623 or 1624, and his mother,a slavewoman, produced this Muilatto, who has got so far by goodconduct, 'en bee«%en bestaen te vryen(?)" ( to marry?)the daughter of one Emmanuel Correa, who had formerly ,been Governor at Axem. "Boa.•• i-o.-wftd«»u^£^gej3a-oiAdim'' k "** 1named HFLLENA COUREA, whose husband, when the Fort Axem âhjuut. /was fwincited (gcineerporecrt)/by the Hon i«r Ruychaver, c-p******^departed to Portugal, and left this Hellena sitting witha child procreated by her. A '?QV' t which matter I havecommunicated with the Consoler/of the Sick who is here,whether one might justly and without objection allow themarriage; both of whom declared "yes", about which Iallowed this the'" more frankly. •JT**(\ *$»November 7. At 3 o'clock (am) there arose cries andlamentations at the place where an ACANISTnamed APEFA lives. At the opening of the -ate thereforesent my servant thi-her to learn the cause of it;who reports that news has come that a certain Mynaer hadbeen killed in the battle and many Chiefs (grote) ofFETU as well as some ACANISTS. A certain JAN HENNEQUA - who brings down much gold and is next in the FETUKingdom/ to be King, except that there s t i l l remains abrother of the King. He has lost 23 slaves and was ingreat danger himself of losing his life. His brotherJAN CL/ES'S wife was so ter ified that she fled to CABOCCFSO with HENNEQUA. Out of this work a great war maybe expected to arise^ as the King' elsest son and so manyprincipal men have been decapitated. In short, the devilw441r--?rgaA-n-- ym'tij &pcej.e»." The factors, Coeymans &a^rSo to p£**j * \>** a

96. 1646.Looten returned from CORMANTIJN. Report they were veryfriendly treated by the English but could get no opportunity(credyt) to see their merchandise, but are well assuredthey sell their goods as well as us; but find their" t i n werk" much lighter and finer (fynder) than the Company's,which "het ons seer doet stutten". They had gota large "partij" from the Benyn, consequently sell theirlarge 4 "bants" at 3 engels the piece, in which we oughtto follow him. They intend to send a yacht to the Benynwithin 5-6 days. "Hope met Corape niet langer gewacht salwere(?)". The factor of Caraa appears towards evening,&thereupon the Caboceros. ... The aforesaid van Tets bringsa new canoe with him,for which have paid 13 engels.November 8. Inquire into the complaints of the Chamas againstthe factor, who denied the charges andsaid the trouble was caused by his refusal to allow 2 housesto be erected too near the Fort. After much talk on eitherside, each punished separately, and laws made accordingto which each w i l l have to regulate himself. TheChamas were told that the houses were not to be built. TheChamas greatly complain that they receive so little from usalthough the Chama river is so serviceable to the Companyfor getting wood and water which thay'often hafie need of(dikwijlo vnn docn hcbben'). Presented them with 1 oz.8 engels. in merchandise and so they took their leave,wellcontented. Understand that the terror is so great amongv the FETUS that nearly a l l the people have fled from thatplace. If the King TACY had followed up his victory hecould have annexed (goinoonporoort> this whole kingdom.JAN HENNEQUA was at CABO CORS with the senior wife of the,King of FETU; therefore sent a large canoe thither to fetcha. (jwiwi .]them £'om een droes een keers op te steeken,! as the Companyis much concerned with (gclboga-n^- cran.) HENNEQUA. - Van Tetsreturns to Chama.November 9. Equippage Master returns from Chama. We areassured that the King of GREAT COMAMY isstoutly requested by his community to go to FETU to annexU m u i pore.ci"cn») this kingdom; but that the King has refusedthis, and told his people that he now has honours enough(coro *ct>oci») and did not wb&h. seek to incense Almighty God.November 10. In morning early the large canoe returns fromCABO CORS. The Blacks report that nELujEQUAhad gone to FETU, fand that the King's wife had me heartilythanked for the courtesy shown in sending a canoe for her.Shenow hoped to get an opiortunity £rui»tg) to get 10 FETU,& she dare not come up for fear her husband might take itamiss. It appears that this woman has some of the King's

1646. 97.treasure with her to take care of âewawwpj. - In afternoonyacht "Reaal" sails to Ardra and the Benyn. -November 11. (Sunday). Nothing particular hapjenedexcept only that a servant of the King ofFETU told me that since the battle lost by them, the Kinghas never slept in his house but always under the sky, &has taken upon himself (bij rich rclfs op »enomen) not todo so before he shall have got revenge on King TACY.Meanwhilewe are sitting here without receiving any gold.November 12. ... Received a letter from the Englishat CORMANTIJN, requesting two cans smallbeer, for the factor Francisco Charles\is sick; which senthim. To-day we have been obliged to take up the planksof the dining halla,(cL W xala) ceiling, and renew them.November 13. In morning, with the opening of the gate,came an express from the King at FETU tot e l l me that the people of ABRAMBOE, on the 16th, w i l lcome and make war on them, and the King intends manfullyto resist them, but that he was lacking powder and lead,and therefore asked that I would give him some. The powderI have refused considering the scarcity we are in;but have sent him 25 lb. lead.,which is of no use to us,to cast into bullets. The English are acting very iraprjopealjuindaily selling so many muskets and powder tothe Blacks.One of the principal Blacks of Moure appears in the nameof the King of SABOUW and respectfully requests that the3 gun carriages (-Hpampaopo" vido van LienHep'c "Zaeaann'litemi'0tbi!Jtic" > for the small guns standing at SABOU, may berenewed, as the people of FANTYN are daily threatening todrive him out.of his "nest"; and although we are soberlyprovided with carpenters, we have given orders for thisto be taken in hand at dince, as the King is of very greatimportance to the Co pany.A Black from CORMANTIJN comes secretly to tell us thatthe English intend to send their ship to trade beforeCABO CORS, but that the ACANISTS there had strongly dissuadedand frightened them against it, that i f he takesthis in hand, many ACANISTS of CORMANTIJN w i l l settle atCABO CORSO, and that this has been taken into considerationby the English.• rW« have an "opynij" the ACANISTS at CORmiANTIJN afteradenthe English to send geen ship to CABO CORSO, hun soeckenin de navolgende manier te abuseeren; forjthey fear thisship will get trade there and sell its goods,which wouldhave the result that, if no as English ship app ears thereshortly, they would sit at CORMANTIJN for a long timewithout merchandise. (X' [LSt-kUteA. C

98. 1646.In afternoon cames an ACANIST, on behalf of a l l theACANISTS who are at FETU, and requests that I would haveCaptain QUAU and other ACANISTS called here by express, asthe people of ABRAMBOU, as stated above, intend to come &attack 'Mrpringfn.'' FETU on the 16th instant. It appearsthat the ACANISTS dare not depart out of respect for theKing (ten respecte van), and on such grounds, that I hadhad them summoned, to be excused with the King. This requestdeserves careful consideration in the interests ofthe Comrany, in so far that i f we let %he Captain QUftU QUAUand the'other ACANISTS come here, i t is mot to be douhtedthat the ABRAMBOUERS w i l l shortly come to FETU; thereforethought it better to let the ACANISTS remain there u n t i lwe see how the raetter turns out; for the people of ABRAHEMBOU, being ACCANIST subjects, must contribute a goodsum annually to them; and i f tnT-ACANI3T&-remain at FETUthey w i l l do the King of FETU a great service, and theABRAMBOES w i l l not Make the attempt. This I have putbefore the messenger, to say to the ACANISTS; and so he atonce departed. Meanwhile, we sit here at d'Myna withoutreceiving gold.November 14. This morning the King of FETU had me thanked,being surprised that I had sent to him thatI regretted the mishap (wngcyol) that had befallen him; &respectfully prayed, as it was now time to encourage hissoldiers to the preservation of both themselves frgich»«e jf^)and of trade, that an anker of liquor might be sent him, &also some powder, as he had lost much in the last battle.- Be-eided to send him an anker liquor and po-wder.- Itappeared from the statement of his servant that he wasglad that I, as well-as he, had resolved that it Were bestthat the ACANISTS remain there t i l l it had been seen howthe people of ABRAHEMBOU w i l l behave (a>agon).November 15. In morning comes good news from FETU thatmeans were being sought for conciliationwith the ABRAHFMBOUWERS, as some deputies on behalf ofFETU had been sent to ABRAHEMBOU. God Almighty grant thati t may result for the best for/ the Company.November 16. Inmorning received a letter from FiscalCAARLOF (at CRAA). He reports that thefrigate "Eendracht" had arrived there on 6th instant; buthe, being then at GREAT CRAA, had returned from the Kingdome7 of OQUY, which lies 3 or 4 miles north of GREATACCARA; is bounded on the West by the FANTYN District; and,running further to the East of ACRA, as far as AQUIMENA &t t£~U] "besjuyt" LATEBE, which this King of OQUY claims to be his;and extends Northwards up to the District ACANY; and

ICope* fa GtaA, tta> JJUA "\ witt t< A g^trH- K«

• 1646. 99.Lof wel this OQUYSEN King has received any gold from theCRASE ten eynde sy de LATTERBESE vrij sonder syn teegenstantdoor de CRASE mochten gemats(?) werden, which, asstated before, has been done, as (zoo) the Fiscal observedthere was no great love between the OQUYSE and ACRAERS;because some years ago the CRASE had killed this King'sfather; nevertheless, diligence was being employed to getthem to live together in complete peace, which, the Fiscalwrites, he has brought about in every respect andmade some presents to that end, and, as the people ofOQUY have promised that they w i l l open the AQUIMINASEand ACCANISTE paths, with the hope that it w i l l make agood trade to CRAA. J The Fiscal had followedthe "Eendracht" by canoe to the place where it w i l lfetch shells for the burning of lime, lying 5-6 miles [Duttt]by sea below ACCRAA, but on coming there found that theslaves had not brought more than 10 to 12 boats (full)to the beach; but meantime gives hope that w i l l get thefrigate nearly full. But it appeared to him that, besidesthe presents already given to the Chiefs (overheede)there, they would now Aet ae allow no shells onboard before s t i l l 3.p. lywaet were promised them: sowe often have to complain about this deceitful nation.November 17. An express arrived from FETU on behalf of' - • the ACANISTS who are at FETU, reportingthat there is some gold among them that they would liketo srend, and they are assured that some parties of bandits(strijckroovers), on behalf of the COMANISEN K i n g , ^to be seen on the paths between here and FETU in orderto rob the ACCANISTS, especially as regards Captain QUAEUand HENNEQUA, and to k i l l their people, and they aretherefore afraid to leave FETU; and about this they askedme it in a friendly way to send someone to GREAT COM-ANY that the King should call in these men.I was very much inclined to do this, in order to furthertrade, and at once sent thither one of the principalCaboceros, with a dexterous slave, in my name, forthe aforesaid purpose, and to sau to the King that i fhe w i l l not do this for my sake he w i l l lose my favourwhich has always been shown him. But this cannot bedone without a dash (dasje) of one ounce gold in goods.Also let him know that it would be highly pleasing tome i f he would make peace with the FETUSNovember 18. (Sunday). With the opening of the gate • i- r -\appears the Consoler of the Sick from ft*v>^ JMoure, bringing a letter from Joris Hoogenhouck; advisesthat a surgeon (Curugyn) who is stationed at Fort Nassau

100. 1646. . - (had been at CORMANTIJN for 4-5 days on a visit to the •» /English Chief Factor, named Francisco Schaerles (Charles?)^who had come here by the last ship, having the chief commandhad died painfully on the 15th instant, about whichthere' was great mourning amongst them. To-day marries(trout) Jan Geelendonek mulatto with Helena Corea,mulattowoman, daughter of the former Governor at Axem,EmmanuelCORREA. In afternoon the Mynse Caboceros and the slavereturned from GREAT COMMANY, stating that the King sent mehis greetings and hearty thanks for the present sent,andthat he w i l l comply with my request; further saying that heis a lover of trade and is not dispose*-to close the pathsto it but, where it can and may help, to open them. Buthe is extremely offended with} 7 eh the ACCANISTS, to whom hehas never done any wrong, and why, therefore did some ofthem, a short time ago, unite with the King of FETU tothrust him out of his kingdom? as they knew well that theKing of FETU came to fight him unjustly.November 19. In morning, comes news from FETU that thepeace with the people of ABRAHEMBOU w i l l nottake place fvallon), and they w i l l shortly visit the FETUBwith arms, and about this have let the ACCANISTS,who areat FETU, know that they should proceed with a l l their goodsto the beach or to Myna. There also came hither manyACANIST goods to-day.The people of ACCANY have sent a message to the ABRAHEM-BOHWERS, who pay an annual contribution to the ACANISTS,^ 5 that i f thay attack FETU with arms, they w i l l "daarentegen

1646. 101.November 22. -Nothing particular happened.- Greatly longfor the peace between ABFcAHEMB0LP.V & FETU.November 23. This morning sent 3 new gun carriages and3 P. Serge to Moure. The gun carriagesfor the King of ZABOUW.November 24 The canoe sent to Moureyesterday,returned with letter from Hoogen- ^ ^hoeck that since the arrival of the last Fnglishman, ly- ..-A r •;ing anchored at COJiMANTIJN, he had received no gold.(Suhday)November 25. L ••• / In afternoon we see a sail comingup from leeward, which anchors at 4.30 A ^ ^ r * * /before CABO CORS. C a n a a n on nthmrwino «bhap that****--SvJfa,/ the ship with which Francisco/has come as Factor, or,as/ they call theraslves, General.** This anchoring beforeCABO CORS of the parties (partyen) w i l l apparently result(•ultvallon) in nothing else than to carry oh' trade there.Therefore found good to «end Chief Factor Isaac Ceeymanslikewise (el t'elyull.)' tomorrow to FETU.November 26. In morning had the gate opened at 3.30,and sent Chief Factor Coeymans, assistedby one of the principal Caboceros of del Myna, namedJuan HENRYCO, to FETU with written instructions of 12Articles to put before both the King of FETU and theACANISTS, with verbal orders to return op dato, unlessthey understood there that some deputies from the Englishw i l l appear there} and so look forward (uitoien) withdesire to the report (»oi.atio). In afternoon,Coeymanswrit c ithat he has put before the King the 1st and 2ndArticles, whereupon the King declared that he did notknow that the ship lay anchored about CABO CORSO, andhe had therefore at once sent an express thither to enquireinto the matter; for which Coeymans w i l l wait.t

102. 1646.November 27. In morning received a letter from the CABOCORSE Factor, Jan GEELENDONCK, reportingthat when the English Factor had gone on board, theACANISTS and the Caboceros came into the Lodge to hear myorders and wishes; saying it was indeed true that theystand under the FETU King, with whom I am in alliance;but that they are seeking to champion (voorstaan; theirt&tU-A, o w n place, A"en hun professie als wij haar best doen";,^tt do ' saying that they were no slaves of mine. The ACANISTSdStW>./ likewise replied that they would buy goods where i t pleas-^ ^ . ^ ed them,£en indien van mij geen wette wjlde gesteld weese";Wt*£^* b u t If we had held such a market here (hoedanige mert:tooMfe

1646. 103.November 28. In morning sent a sergeant and 7 soldiersto CABO CORS; tomorrow, 8 slaves w i l l follow.The Chief Factor, Joris Hoogenhoeck, reports thathe has summoned the principal ACCANISTS and Caboceros toFort Nassau, in accordance with my order, and put everythingbefore them, that they shall be faithful to thedefinite Agreement made with them in December1645, at the time Mr Ruychaver departed: to which theyfirstly replied, what had I now promised to give them.The Factor represented to them that I had at that timemade suitable presents to them, and they should furtherobserve what they had daily received; and to considerwell that in this time one ought not to give presents asecond time, or to demand them. Nevertheless, beforethey would make any promises not to go on board, he hadto present them with 3 oz.4 engels.November 29. In morning understood that the Englishwere awaiting a "groot Meester" fromfTTU at CABO CORSO, in order to travel with him to the fcmkmKing** 1 Therefore -resolved to go there/in person to pre- L 0 ^vent it. Left this afternoon, with 8 slaves a l l armed,Arrived in evening at 6.30. Understood from sub-factorJan Geelendonck tha + he had not yet seen any goods comefrom the English ship, except 4 cloths (ddekens) receivedby the ACANISTS in jayment of 2 sheep they had presented.A slave who had run away a long time ago was reported tome to be in the village JAMBY.November 30. In morning sent two slaves to/ the villageJAMBY for the runaway slave, who was broughtto me. Pay the usual due (peoht) to the "huisvesters",consisting in 8 engels. I had a l l the ACANISTS and Cabocerossummoned te into the Lodge. They gave answerthat i f I had anything to say to them, that they were a l lsitting in the market and I must come there. Itwas reported that they were afraid of being detained.Therefore had them answered that I would let them freelyreturn again; and if they would not a l l come, they shoulddepute some, so as to make known to them the eaBBe causeof my coming here. They let me know a second time thatthey had nothing to do with me and they were under theKing of FETU, and that they were not of a mind to sellbread to my soldiers of to let them fetch water. I sentmy servant there once again and had them told that if theythey did not appear they must consider well what they weredoing: that I would not tolerate it from them and wouldseek my revenge against them; that they might well protectCr^ their women and children as a ship was daily expectedfrom CRAA which would indeed make them come to me.

104. 1646. .They replied that I might do my best. I at once let theslaves go for water, but they were not molested. It appearsthat they are somewhat apprehensive for themselves.From Axem come the monthly sales, with further reportthat the fishermen of the lowest village are refusing topay the proper t a l l of fish. In short, Axem and CABOCORSO are gradually becoming deserving of paniakigent. Iwrite a letter to Coeymans that he should at once send anexpress to the King of FETU, to request him to give orders?or that I should do i t to his regret. The whole receiptsfor last month consist in Mk 182: oz 4: eng 1.| December 1. This morning about 9 'oclock appears a Blacknamed Cqmpaen, on behalf of the King of FETU,with orders to the Caboceros that they should appear in myLodge to listen te hear my proposition. The King alsohad me very respectfully entreated that I would be pleasedto take my departure from CABO CORS, and that everythingwould be arranged to my satisfaction, and not make roomr «. iJ?or the English, nor allow his subjects to go on board to -L\. ** J Tiuy goods. This pleased me well; but tfee-MOlawsue" *4fcfaat**he further had said to me, entirely not; since he saidthat I should send some one to him in order to anyioint hishands(sijn handen te salye (zalven?)). I replied to themessenger that I by no means intended to do that, since,according to the Agreement made, I was not bound to, andfirst wished to see how he, the King, w i l l carry out hispromises; for i f I heard that he was drawing any profitfrom the Englishman, he had to expect nothing from me buthostility, and in so far as everything was done accordingto my wishes I should not leave undone an honourable presentfor him, his brothers, and others. The messengerinterceded very respectfully that I would take my departurebecause the CABO COuSERS,now- and so long as I was not awayfrom here, w i l l not assist the King to resist the threateningenemies, the ABRAHEMBOUERS. For the King had sent|56 Bendas gold to the ABRAHEMBOUERS, to appease them,whichsthey had had brought back, and aay they are not satisfiedwith this small amount, but will come in arras against himon the 3rd instant. I have taken this friendly requestinto consideration and decided to depart to-day: but firstto have a talk with the Caboceros and the ACANISTS who arehere. I therefore sent the aforenamed Compaen, and atonce two Caboceros and principal ACANISTS appeared,whomI asked why such stoutness had been committed towards meyesterday, and now not a l l of them appeared. They declaredthey were afraid as they had understood that I hadcome her and had had irons brought, with which to confinethem.I put before them for what purpose I had come here,with

1646. 105.a warning that they should not break the Agreement HwaH'^t'Owhich we had made with the FETU King, and should not permitany foreign nation to establish a Lodge here, nor giveany canoes to the ACANISTS to buy any merchandise at theEnglishman lying here "etc"."To this the Caboceros replied that they knew well thatthey were under the King of FETU; but that they were boundto benefit (beneficieeren) their place, as we, on the otherhand were are seeking to oppress it and to drive away thethe ACCANISTS, seeing that the goods here always stood atsuchH a high ppiee market price (wwfr); but i f we gave thegoods like as at de Myna or Moure, they would not thinkof any other nation, and many ACCANISTS would undoubtedlysettle here; and their place might again become flourishingas in former ./ears when CABO CUvS was helg to be thebest trading place on the Coast LNote. This %s quite true.P.de Marees, who sailed the Gold Coast in 1601, in his"Beschryvinghe" describes CABO CORSSO as "a good tradingplace and the finest market of a l l the other towns'^ andtherefore giving an illustration of the market, (column30b). Vide also columns 41a & 41b.; a l l at pp.62,84,85,in the Linschoten edition,edited by S.P.L'Konore NaberJ;they persisfting that one had v.rongeeWabem in this. Ireplied that they must now do the w i l l of the FETU King,and we, what our Honourable Masters ordered us; very stronglyurging them not to undertake anything to the prejudiceof the Company; or that I shall ruin their place and keepa yacht continuously lying before the port to preventthem fishing; which appeared to cause them great alarm,and they requested that they might report this to te a l lthe other Caboceros and then come again. Presented themwith a piece Lywaet and £ anker liquor, which they darednot accept until they had spoken with their brothers.The aforesaid Caboceros returned shortly and relatetheir experiences; that they had nothing bad against mein their minds, and were waiting for the orders of theFETU King; that they would for the present accejt the £ L

106. 1646.December 3. The boat from the English ship lying beforeCabo Cors came and asked for 10 casks water,which was granted. The"Constabel"of the boat said that nogold whatever had yet been received by the ship, and complainedstoutly about the Blacks who had so strongly urgedthat it should come up before CABO CORS, and now on its arrivalthere was no gold. He intends to leave for CORMANTIJN in &6 5-6 days. ... The Constabel declared that itwas at the disposal of the deceased Francisco Chaerles/ tochoose another Admiral, as he calls it, i f he came to die;but death overcame him-so suddenly that he has nominatednobody; the upset (stordre) officers would gladly have conferredit upon Mr James Leveson, who called hims-elf Admiralbefore Francisco Chaerles came, from which he was turned??out although he was the senior Factor. Consequentlyhe held himself ver/affronted by his masters, and has notbeen willing to aeee undertake the chief command; afeeut overwhich i t has been conferred on a "*Jounf fellow who has littleexperience yet, and Mr Leveson is going home.December 4. About 9 '©clock arrears here before me an Englishman,arrived by wanoe from CORiiSANTIJN on[Lad.] behalf of Jan Lâe teio^fcwrgaan'-fr) Captain on the yachtthat is lying before CORMANTIJN. He offers me 90-100 piecesserge, some lywaet, and some Cabo Verd and Quaqua cloths,to buy at a cheap price; which have taken into considerationand consulted with the Councillors with me here, and theughtfound good to see about buying the 90-100 pieces serge,andthat, for the following reasons; the English have not sufficientsale for the large supply they have with them,althoughthey would sell them to the Blacks at 2 oz the piece,en de Compe wercen daily tegens 2 oz. 9 eflg.haere aangetast,soo dat seer mindre ten tween connen wij met de 90-100 p.de Engels een mert setten tot 1 ! oz.llengels de syne te moetevercoopen, and we shall s t i l l make a good profit and hemda-r mede in devotie houden. Over which thought it forthe best for the Company to accept this. Therefore spoke^S.^^Wtiitftrlg'ia.^tiiHii^r.^th.other goods. He decjbared that his captain had sold thequantity of 50 p. before CORwANTIJN at 1 oz.12 eng. the p.-but that his "uiteeraie last is,mits de heele partij teneemen, teegen 1 oz. 6 eng, 'twelck mi^ geliet 3-ans geenkoop te connen vallen. He replied that a certain mulattohad been on board before CORMANTIJN, who had bought and paidfor 26 pieces at 1 oz. 8 eng. Hearing this gave me particularsuspicion whether i t mi-ght not be the mulatto who isstationed at CABO CORS as chief (opperhoofd), and thoughtgood to pursue this. I told Factor Coeymans that it was

1646. 107.advisable at once to travel to CORMANTIJN to speak withthe Captain, and w i l l proceed to the purchase at 38 guldensthe piece, at the utmost. Had the canoe got readyand sailed with it in order to make enquiry at CABO CORSabout what had oeen stated about the 20 p. serge. Arrivedat 2 'oclock wherethe found the English Factor, Mr Levesonand skipper; nevertheless at once had searched througha l l warehouses, chests, and cases, but found nothing.The Mulatto stood very astonished. Told him what I hadbeen informed. Declared with high oaths that he knew nothingabout it and was not guilty; and i f I afterwardscame to know of it,to punish him ia the most rigirously.I did not let myself be satisfied with this, but took bothslaves,who belong ; to this Lodge,with me, and when I cameto Moure in evening, had them put in close confinement.While I was at CABO CORS I got into converstaion withMr Laeveson about his intentions. He declared he hadbeen shamtffully deceived by the 31acks, and many times hadbeen begged that i f he would co ne up with/ the ship, therewas no doubt that he would procure much ;old. I saidthat I had greatly contributed to that, and was sufficientlyassured that he would not obtain either the makingof the £$la Lodge- or the receipt of gold. He asked inwhat respect (4*n wat regaordr). I replied that I"den C&Affa ^King of FETU sulcken Vram (??) op syn neus wist te setten" ttt-iJpt''^that he has not the courage to take such in hand. He gaveme a friendly invitation to come and visit him onjri boardWhen I rpt.nrnpf*pA t jHfj part.pri.December 5. At 4 'oclock am, Coeymans departed to COR-.jjjAJtfTLJN in order to visit the Fort and toreturn shortly. A l l the ACANISTS here/and the Caboceros L t * oot **°-^came to greet me and brought 3 sheep ~s present. Theythanked me for the dash last given; gave assurance' thatno one of them has been to the Englishman to buy goods,in which they would continue i f there was equality in prieeprice te4^nc.»-c^ frnwrtaTr) : request very urgentlyto give the sheets for 20 p. pr benda, which refused,well knowing that the party has none, and has soldhis at 20, 21 p. Hope to sell ours at 18 p. pr benda.I had both the slaves, whom I had taken with me yesterdayfrom CABO CORS, d»wta»ai*

108. 1640.damaged, and so bought 70 pieces, on my approval, at 36 p.pr Benda. Brought 5 pieces as sample. Found some verysmall so said to the Englishman, who had come with Coeymanson behalf of Mr Lad, that these were too small, but i f hew i l l deliver the widest, I would accept them; with which heleft.•December 6. As no report came from the Fnglish, sentcanoe thither to hear what he intended. Thecanoe returns i n the afternoon with letter that he couldnot agree to the conditions I put to him, but was ready todeliver 70 p. Sent canoe to t e l l him he could bring themup; but received reply that must wait 1-2 days as he hadsent a man to BIEMBA to hear i f there was gold there, andi f he got assurance to come and sell there,he intended tointended to sail thither, and i f not he w i l l deliver them;which is a bad deed on the statement of the Blacks, whomake a great cry (gekrijt) that there is gold enough toentice the ship. In evening, come threeexpresses from FETU in the name of the Captain of theACCANISTS, the second from HENNEQUA, and the third fromJAN CLAESEN, a l l three the principal gold bringers, withnews that the Caboceros of FETU, against the w i l l of theKing, and without their knovvledge, had come to an agreementwith the English to place a u>dge at CABO CORS, providedthat 2 "pont" gold, 30 muskets, and some powder was givento the said Caboceros: asking me what I thought of thisand what reply they should carry to their masters. SaidI hod nothing particular m

1646.109.ao fruitlessly without having so far received a singleMark gold, and he intends to sail to CORMANTIJN within3-4 days. I invited the Factor and Skipper to go withme to del Mina, to which they agreed. Arrived there at12 'oclockDecember 8. With "vaorw-ir-b 1 ' conducted the English rounda l l the warehouses to let them see how wellwe were supplied. They left in afternoon and intend tosail on 10th.December 9.- (Sunday). Received letter from Moure withreport that the Englishman had not yet aar peared.mm wm wmDecember 10. ... Sent large canoe to Moure with threenew gun-carriages for the Fort and for theKing of SABOU. The frigate "Eendracht" arrived at 12.The skipper appeared with merchandise he could not sellat CRAA, and 40 boat-loads of shells which had been loadedwith great difficulty and labour at PRANG PRANG, andhad been knavishly decedved^bv^tbe^glacks, as when he camethere, and thought that/everything weals be reaey ready,batthe Blacks would not let any shells go before he paid asmueh in expenses as the Fiscal had already previously done.Brought 230 Marks gold from CRAA, and 200 ditto from Moure.Left the Fiscal and sub-factor very sick. ...December 11. Advice from Moure that Mr Lad had been atMoure yesterday for the 3 (sic) piecesserge that Isaac Coeymans had brought to Moure, and hadsailed to Cormantijn without making delivery. The shipthat has now lain fruitlessly before CABO CORS for 14 days,came to anchor again before CORMANTIJN yesterday. God beth-nked, that he has not_attained his purpose. Hope theyw i l l not try again. ...*v!T bftf 0:-e. ^HiZjIJfolM ^ r t a O C D i ^ V - ^ • • •December 12. ... -Shells unloaded -^" The Mynse Caboceroswho last went in embassy with IsaacCoeymans to the King of FETU, were presented with 4 engels.• • •December 13. ... To our great surprise, we hear nonews from FETU whether they will fight otenter into peace.December 14. Report received of fire"at CAMA last nightin the annex of the houses and Lodge there,which the Factor thinks was caused by the Chamas, but don'tbelieve this.

110.1646.December 15. Received letter from CRAA that the Fiscalhad again been to GREAT CRAA, where he hadfound the King of OQUY, and devised means how best the waysfrom AQUIMANA might be opened and the gold might convenientlycome to the beach, without hindrance or injury to thetraders. It had also been/iffcllgea,through the help ofGIcFAT CRAA, with the people of ER&NG PRANG, where theshells have been fetched from there by the frigate "Eendracht",over the rascality committed by them of demandingmore expenses than when the first agreement was made,They have promised to arrange for another ship's lead efon the beach; but fear not much w i l l come of i t .December 16. (Sunday). ...December 22. ... See a sail,wh;ich appeared to be notfar off but it was very drizzly frdiôioh)weather. At 11 'oclock, comes a Black from SMALL COMMANY,named Insou, and tells me that the sail we see is a Portuguesehaving some women on board; which makes us suspectit is a'^fftair* who wants to go to the Coast of Angola orBrazil and has been driven here by contrary currents. TheFiscal Caerlof had arrived here at 10 oclock from CRAA.,with his accounts,... and. hereupon found good, with theothers' to send 24 soldiers to the ship, and at once to gounder sail to the Portuguese. The Fiscal goes on board(i.e. presumably, thd "Eendracht") to carry this out. andwhen the "man" comes, to compel him to s a i l with him tobefore del Myna, and there to make his "proces". Shortlyafterwards the Fiscal writes that tne current had shifted,and could not set sail before the coming night with theland wind; with which alteration, found good to send 2-3large canoes at once on board the frigate, with orders thatin the coming night (to sail) between us and the Portugueseship, with experienced men, in order to come and givewarning, so that i f the Portuguese should, set sail, coursemight be set; and thus await what the ALnighty God w i l lgrant. The Equippage Master went also for the purposeaforesaid.December 23. In morning at day-break the frigate set s a i lwith the land wind but freshens^soberly. TheEquippage Master returns and says last night he h^d beenclose by the Portuguese, and at 3 o'clock, they went^from*' flHf>»Klln6!l »«m full uf L.upLj) lauaej »-jj»4Bntien?-? ?k v ' 7y^-*VS 3 " ir Ji-'',U Lboud fui^wmigr./fxhe ship wi .itha B r a w h u htheir boat f u l l of empty casks. So he understands from theBlacks, they are much distressed for water. Hereupon I

1646. 111.have at once sent an express tfr'yiVMwa, of GREAT SOMAN?with the request that he w i l l norallow the Portuguese toobtain any water,and give permission that i f we find theboat on shore we may attack the same; consequently havingan extraordinarily ±arge canoe made ready, for 15hands (Soheopom) with which the Chief Factor Coeymansshall ship, sailing -first to the frigate for 10 soldiersand to wait at COflFNDO for the order which shall come ^XiUiiij*from the King. In afternoon the frigate anchored a shortdistance f?e behind the Portuguese. From FETU comes newsthat last night the people of ABRAHEMBOU had appearedto within a mile of FETU. The people of FETU becomingacquainted with this, sought to take them unawares; butthe ABRAHEMBOUB becoming aware of this took to flight. LoW««&>The FFTUS got 3 heads and shot down 20 "beeste", and re- [I*****—' Jturned to FETU. The King of GREAT COMMANY lets me knowthat everything possible shall be done on my request.December 24. At day-break we see both the Portuguese &the frigate anchored elose to the reads.Isaac Coeymans comes on shore and reports that yesterday,through the strong current which runs downwards he couldnot reach COMENDI with the canoe, but was obliged to rowback to the ship. '""Declares further that when they anchored"with" the ship, they fired two shots te the Portuguesebut could not re^ch it. Resolve together to sendthe large canoe on board the same in order to fetch theCaptain, who at once comes on board and is examined. Sayshis ship and loaded cargo belongs to Vyane from where he hadsailed 5 months ago with destination Rio de Geneiro; haslittle cargo of importance but some Spanish iron, 5 or 6cases of lywaet, rosin, "pick" and sulphur, consigned tovarious merchants there; intends to obtain his cargo onfreight and to return therewith to Vyane or some otherplace. Through contrary currants this ''man" had beendriven here. Declares it was two days ago they firstsaw land and did not know what land it was. They were ve^ydistressed feonoutr) for water. The Fiscal, Coeymans,Equippage Master, and Captain Pense sail with the Cajtainto the Portuguese to make enquiry whether it was so, takingwith them in the boat 16-17 men to exchange for Portugueseto be brought on board the frigate. When the mencame there they began to plunder in such a disorderly mannerthat the aforesaid afficers had a l l their work to prevebtit; indedd they sought to seize upon the women, beingfive in number. While I was s t i l l sickly, Coeymans comestorf ask my advice whether such a "man" ought not to be declaredgood prize, although Coeymans was not of such opinion.Notwithstanding that I was s t i l l sick I" found it J advisable

112. 1646.to get on the move b f » r ^ ) to proceed on board myself,in order to have a l l the Councillors together and to dothe best for the Company there. Had a large canoe gotready and, together with Coeymans and Factor Joris Hoogenhoeck,sailed first to the frigate for Captain Pence andthen to the Portuguese, where we found the Fiscal and EquippageMaster; and after having sharply enquired into everything,and the matter " t— »odmu Luiu i (I )-gebi aiht" , disposedabout i t according to the resolution taken thereon.In afternoon s a i l on shore again. At 3'oclock see a sailcome down from the West, at dark anchors before COMANY.December 26. The Portuguese skipper came on shore;said hisname aas Emmanuel Hobero; born at Port a Port:with 27 eaters, including 4 women and 5 negros. Requested^water, which was granted.December 27. In morning the wives of CAN HENNEQUA and JANKiASEN, and other FETU women come and t e l l methat their husbands have call* d them to come to FETU, withoutbeing able to t e l l us whether peace has been made withABRAHEMBOU or not. They thank me for the good favour andhelp shpwn to them while they have been here. It appearsthat this peace has been effected frgrTyivfrftftets) through secretgifts; but as yet there is no receipt of gold, which is entirelydiverted to Moure-. - Portuguese ship allowed to havewater and some caskage.December 28. Monthly sales received from Hoogenhoeck,t«rWit)Marks 110. He advises that many ACCANISTShave arrived, who appeared to bring with them a good quantityof gold.- Consequently, as it was e'ee after deliberationdecided to fix the iron at 3 engels and the lywaet at\l28 (a)pr Benda, I sent express a trusty Black to CGrÂNTIJN r tomake enquirey what the last arrived ship was doing there,&further to observe the trade of the English.-December 31. The Portuguese ship sailed The Captainof the ACANISTS, QUAU, ai pears to usfrom FFTU; says that the Abrahgmbouwers have' entirely departedand have not dared to come and attempt anything againstFETU; is confident the war is ended(-gof.lamt) and a l lpaths opened, and traders w i l l shortly appear here. He greetsme heartily on behalf of the King of FETU, with orders tosay to me, what shall the said King have as recompense thatthe ship which had previously lain before CABO CORS had hadno trade: and that this had been prohibited by him. Notwithstandingthat we know a l l what the King has done (-^Jiolr w e n

1646. 113.and not to provoke him to become hostile to us,"*dit oooi«4reft--dFtn—"jaan" and f u l f i l l our promises to give him apresent i f the English do nothing W » M « p « e M ) beforeCormantijn (sic. clearly meaning Cabo Cors); which has fallenout as we desired, and is a great thing for the Company.An ACCANIST, ONESIE, the chief gold-bringer, residing atMoure visited me ... -presents exchanged- ... The receiptof gold along the whole Coast for the month wasMk 182: oz 4: eng ll£.Note. The following is a summary of the deaths, recordedin the Journal between 7th April and 17thDecember 1646: which occurred at Elmina and Moure.April. Elmina. On 8 days died 5 soldiers,1 chief surgeon,1 provision master,1 cooper,1Adelborst,l Assistant. Total 10(on April 21/22 there were "4 deaths in27 hours").Moure. On 08gf3_days died 1 captn d'armes,l sub-factor,1 adelborst. Total 3.May. Elmina.On 9 days died 6 soldiers, 1 Capt d'armes,1 carpenter, 1 sick nurse (suicidewhen sick) 1 sub-factor,1 boschschieter,ladelborst,1 drummer.Total 13.Moure. On 9 days died 5 soldiers,1 factor, 1 copperslager,1 Capt d'armes, 1 adelborst,I sailsônge, 1 corpl, 1 sub-factor.Total 12.June. At Elmina,in as many days, died 2. (Asst.& Corpl)Moun^3j " ^ ^ ^ ^ H 1 (soldier)At Elmina died, in as many days, in July %} August 3:Sept.4: Oct. 1: December(to 17th) 5. These a l l includedsoldiers, jongen, baker, boschschieter, lantspassaet,adelborst, factor, sub-factor. 3poj*d "potal 56.

114. 1646.Papers and Letters from Brazil. 1646. (WIC.oc.62.)Extract from Letter from Council, Brazil, to the ZeelandChamber. T AMC. dd. "Reciffe. 17th April 1646".... . • • "wj^th"On the 21st March arrived here/tne two ships "Eendracht"of Amsterdam and "Eendracht" of Z Enckhuysen, w**h Mr DirectorJacob Ruychaver having on board, 1604 ^ârks; 4 oz:4 engels gold; 51*428 pounds tusks; 201,335 pounds grain;and 22439J "aroben" St Thome sugar; and as HH had no knowledgeof the revolt of the inhabitants, his intention wasto lade those two ships with 250 cases and to provide himselfwith the provisions lacking, so as to depart home,with further refreshments, in company with the ships thatmight be ready here. ... We have assisted him with1698 pounds herd bread, and other necessities."

1647. 115Resolutions of States General. 1647. (S.G. 3228).Minutes, in January, February and March, re prolongationof Charters of WIC, and EIC.•22nd March 1947."Prolongation of the E.I. Charter for 25 years."• • • • • •Prolongation of the S t i l l their Ho. Mo. have con-West Indian Charter sented, as they hereby consent,for 25 years. to the prolongation & renewalof the Charter for the WIC. forthe period of twenty-five consecutive years, commencingfrom the 1st January of this year 1647, and that, uponand within such limits as are expressed (uitgedient) inthe preceding Charter; and further, upon a l l the pointsand articles included in the same preseding W.I. Charter,together with a l l the amplifications, interpretations,and resolutions therupon ensued from time to time. Butupon these conditons, limitations and restrictions:that op de directie, mesnagie, redres, ook verdereadsistentie van de afnmd WIC. een bindich besoigne metde eerste shall be aangestelt; the trade to GUINEA, Angola.St Thome, and Chile remaining to the WIC. for theconservation, maintenance, and prosceoution of its navigationand trade commerce. And in order that this Companymay be relieved in its present difficultes, theirHo 1*5. consent that the fifteen hundred thousand guldenswhich the present East India Company w i l l have to payout to and for the behoof of the State, shall be transferred(overges'telt) to and for the profit of this WIC.as a subsidy. And the aforenamed fifteen hundred guldensshall not be allowed to be charged with any arrestor otherwise distrained (bekommert) by anyone who-soever,nor for any cause whatever; and the said monies shall beused and spent for the service of the aforenamed Companyin the presence ef and with the approval their Ho. Mo.'sdeputies; the course of the ordinary equippage furtherremaining at its ordinary train.(Note. Many minutes re Portuguese Envoy.)

116. 1647.4th July 1647.Being deliberated, i t was found good and decided(vcmotnan)that the prolongation and renewal of the Charter for twentyfiveyears, for the WIC. in pursuance of their Ho. Mo. 'sresolution of 22nd March last, shall be settled, read herein the Assembly in order to be accordingly approved, despatchedand issued ... on the understanding that the besoignesdecreed by their Hp. Mo. on 22nd March last concerningthe direction, mesnagie and redres, also the further assistanceof the afsd WIC shall be taken i n hand met den aldereersten,and the decree therof be annexed, as amplification,to the aforesaid Prolongation and Renewal; and thesaid amplification shall be of such force and validity ina l l respects as though the same had, from the beginning,been inserted and comprised in the aforesaid Prolongationand Renewal. The Deputies from the Province Vrieslandrepeat their declaration, iteratively made, from time totime, about the prolongation and renewal of the Chartersof the E. & W.I.C.s.5th July 1647.The draft of the Prolongation and Renewal of the W.I.Charter, settled in the forenoon by order of their Ho. Mo.,being read, i t is, after previous deliberation, approved;and further ordered to be despatched and issued.29th August 1647,Received a letter from the Directors of the Shamber WIC.at the Chamber Amsterdam, written there the 26th instant,and therewith the Points of Convocation upon which theAssembly of the XIX of the aforenamed Company is convenedfor the 7th September next, new style, within the City ofAmsterdam; the Directors aforenamed requesting that theirHo. Mo. w i l l be pleased TO let their deputies appear towardsthe aforenamed date in order to asiist at the saidAssembly with their wise counsel, and so to help directthe affairs of the Company as shall# be found proper forthe advancement of the same, the service of the country,and the profit of the shareholders. Upon which, beingdeliberated, resolution is suspended.(S.G. 5775). Original of above letter, enclosing thePoints of Convocation, for 7th September, tocommence business on 9th September. The Points ( 14 inall) are as follows:1. Brazil. 2. Soldiers for Brazil & Angola. 3.Equippage.4. Brazil. " 5^

5.1647. 117.— How the new drafts, lately approved in the Hague (videpost under WIC.oc.4) about the trading of the NORTH Coastof Africa, St Thome, and Angola can best be brought intotrain. Item, in what manner the regulation of the Caribeannavigators (after approval of their Ho. Mo.) shallbe pursued, and the money proceeding therefrom be placed(geaffectueert) in the hands of the General Reckenkamer,for payment of the salaries of the high officers.6.That distribution shall be made of the Guinea gold,tusks and St Thome sugar lately come into the Chambersof Zeeland and the Maas. : M H ^ H I ^ H12.-As to the appointment of a preacher, for a long timerequested by the Director on the North Coast of Africa.-- Also preachers for Angola and Brazil.-30th August 1647.1King of Congo"."Admission of Capuchin & Franciscian monks".5th September 1647.-Deputies, eight in number, appointed to preside atthe Assembly of the XIX, WIC., in Amsterdam, to be heldnext week.-27th NovemberS^4V7Messrs Raesselt, Bruynincx, and Rosbergen, their Ho.Mo'sdeputies, having preoided at the Assembly of the XIX ofthe WIC, held in Amsterdam, have made report of theirdoings and discussions, and afterwards handed over totheir Ho. Mo. the minutes of what happened in the monthsof September and October last; for which they are thankedfortheir trouble, and further found good that the minutesshall be read in their Ho. Mo.'s Assembly.5th December 1647.-Is read at the Assembly a certain petition presentedto their Ho Mo on behalf of the WIC at the Chamber Amsterdam,containing in effect that the Chamber of the Maas,notwithstanding the distribution made on the 2nd Octoberlast, refuses to let their share come to the petitioners,in the gold lately arrived from Guinea. -Resolved to

118. 1647.to write to the Chamber on the Maas that they shall do soas soon as possible.- ...17th December 1647 ;-Letter from Chamber on the Mase at Dordrecht, dd. 14thDecember 1647 (in SG. 5775), in which they state they havenot wresgl acted wrongly. Resolved to send copy to theChamber Amsterdam.(end of St.Gen. Resolutions)Note.With reference to the resolution of 27th November,supra,theê are copies of the meetings of the XIX at Amsterdam onthe Points of Convocation for 7th September (supra), in thefile, S.G. 5775. Of these minutes of the XIX, the followingare noted:27th September 1647.- Are read the letters and japers from Brazil, Angola, &Guinea. & c -lst October 1647.• • • • • •Messrs the Commissioners over the sixth Point of Convocationhave reported at the Assembly that they could not wellcomplete the distribution of the gold and sugar mentionedin the same, unless it be previously determined whether theChamber of Zeeland shall draw beforehand the sum of f180,000being 600 marks gold, for the equippage made by them to theCoast of Guinea by the ship "'t Hoff van Zeelant", dan welsoodanige somme van penninge als ter saacke van de voorsEquippage bij haar effective is uitgegeven. And secondly,whether the 300 and 600 marks in question previously receivedby the aforesaid Chambers of Zeeland and Amsterdamrespectively, and not sent to the Coast of Guinea, w i l lhave to be brought into the aforesaid distribution; they,the Commissioners, judging that of the Maase to be excepted;but that the aforesaid gold should remain with the aforesaidtww two Chambers having regard to the extraordinary equippagemade by the same to Brazil. Upon which, opinionsbeing invited, and being taken into consideration that someof the deputies of the Chamber of Zeeland declare that theequippage mentioned in the first paragragh was done bythem at such a sum as various other Chambers have previouslyspent already after the receipt of the gold; i t isfound good and ••esolved that the Chamber of Zeeland shallbe allowed to deduct there for the said 600 marks gold.And as regards the second, that both the items thereinmentioned, shall not be brought into the present distribution;

1647. 119.but that, notwithstanding that, the aforenamed distributionshall be made up and completed; to which end theCommissioners are requested to meet again this afternoon.2nd October 1647.The Commissioners for the 6th Point of Convocation producedto the Assembly the distribution made by them of thegold come by the ships "Eendracht" and "Bt Pieter". ...Is found good to approve the distribution of the gold, ashereinafter inserted; and as regards the sugar,Distribution of the gold come by the ships"Eendracht" & "St Pieter", in May 1647.Per the"Eendracht" is come J4»79G.Per the "St Pieter" likewiseDeduct for the equippage andcargoes'at cost of Zeeland,Remains to be distributed,M. 790M.790M.1580M. 600M. 980•Therefrom,AmsterdamZeelandMaaseNorthernGroningenQuarterfor 4/9,2/9,1/9,1/9,1/9,M.M.M.M.M.M.435:4:6217:6:3108:7:2108:7:2108:7:2980:0:0(rest of statement not copied)3rd October 1647. Jfc- Note. In the distribution of the number of preachers,for Brazil, Angola, &c, was one for Guinea.4th October 1647.-Being resumed the Points of Convocation, the Chambersdeclared on the 5th Point, that so far as regardsthe regulations drafted for the trade of the NorthCoast of Africa and the Island St Thome, no considerationsoccur; but as regards the like regulation for Angola ...The 6th Point is settled. ...Note. S.G. 5775, contains a print of the "ArticuiilBrief" of the WIC.(with manuscript amendments).

120. 1647."Boeck van verscheyde stucken soo voor demonstrantierExtracten, en de anderslnts voorgevallen geduraBdedat Comrnis saris sen van de resj ectiveCameren in de Hage hebben gebesoigneert, in denjaar 1647."(Extracts)WIC.oc.4.Note. The book begins with copies of communications madeto the St. Gen. by the WIC, with regard to theirinterests in the negotiations for peace at Munster, withreferences to documents of 1644 and 1645.Minutes of "Besoignes" in the Hague, dated18th March & 4th - April 1647.Copy Extract from the Secret Register of the Resolutionsof the States General,*7 ^£fe_\^ i?uJ L 9

1647. 121.made for the separate trading places of the North Coastof Africa, outside Guinea.WestVriesland & Northern Quarter agree with the advice ofthe Maze.23rd May 1647.Is again discussed the trace to Brazil, Angola, Guinea,and St Thome, and most of the members persist in their formeropinion, except that Amsterdam appears tacitly to notifythat in case a l l the other Chambers shall be able tocome to an understanding with each other, on the otherPoints, they w i l l concur (tutor«intern twfajifeaj in the matterof Brazil and the navigation of the same by private ships.25th May 1647.Messrs the deputies from the Chamber of Zeeland haverepresented that for some days now there has been discussionabout drawing up unanimous advice in the matter ofthe "directie, mesnage en redres" of the WIC, and thatnevertheless, because of the disparity of opinion, itappears that those advices are notto be brought to unanimity;and also that heavy discussions have now andthen begun to arise about it, which it were better tobe aveided prevented, than longer encouraged, and thatthey have therefore found good that a l l the Points uponwhich there ought to be discussion at present, shouldbe simultaneously (gelijkeljick) brought up for opinion,so that it can be seen from there instruction and advicesof the members, whether they can be brought to unanimity;ajid i f not, thatea each Chamber should be allowed then todeliver in its own particular advice to the fovernment.Upon which it was ppepese^ were put forward by the aforenamedddeputies from Zeeland, the following seven points:1. The trade to Brazil. 2. The trade to Angola.3. The trade to St Thome. 4. The trade to Guinea.5. The approval of the regulation for the Carribean navigators.6. The Brazilian wood. The document of theloo,000 guldens, in question. Upon which aforesaidPoints the Chamber of Zeeland advises: 1. To conformwith the advice of the Chief Participants fromulated inthe Hague on 15th December 1646, with the additionalclause in the margin. 2. To approve the regulationdrafted, provided the recognition of the slaves transportedinto (out of?-uit) Brazil be placed at 50 guldeninstead of 60. 3. To approve the scheme(concept) projectedby the Commissioners in the Hague, 8th April 1647.

122. 1647.4. To remain on the old order and to reject the new plan(concept) projected at the Hague on 8th April 1647.5. To approve the regulation placing the"recoflition" ofthe tobacco at one shilling in the pont vlaamsch ... &to let the said recognition be received by the controllersof the country. 6. ... 7. ...The Chamber of Amsterdam advisew : 1. to conform tothe advice of the Chief Participa-nts, except the clauaeplaced in the margin. 2. To approve the regulation, providedthe "recognition" is placed from 60 guldens to 30.3. To approve the plan(concept). 4. To approve the newplan(concept) also. 5. ... 6. ... 7. ...The Chamber of the Maaze advises: 1. That the tradeshall be driven on the order observed hitherto,withoutletting private persons navigate with their own ships eitherfrom here or from the Islands. 2. To approve theregulation i f the recognition is placed from 60 guldento 50; the commissions being issued by the respectiveChambers in turn, and according to the ninth parts.3. To aiprove the plan(concept). 4. Likewise to approvethe plan(concept) , provided that order also be made forthe separate trading places outside Guinea. 5. ...6 • • * • 7 • * * * IThe Chambersof Westvriesland & Northern Quarter advise:1. To let Brazil be navigated on the old footing, neverlessallowing private persons to navigate with their ownships from the Islands; who, nevertheless, shall not beallowed to load sugar in Brazil unless they are charteredby the supreme Government. 2. Agree with the advice ofthe Maze. 3. Approve the plan. 4. Likewise approve theplan. 5. ... 6. ... 7. ...• ' tvra p^' 9 ; #>W> r -The aforesaid respective advices, being heard, the Gentlemenfrom Zeeland, as the presiding Chamber, cause to benoted that through the disparity of the advices," and absenceof the Chamber of Town and Country, nothing isconcluded.6th July 1647.As hitherto, in the discussions over the matter of thetrading of the Company's Atlantic (?- the word seems to be"atlandige") conquests, the most difficulty was found inregard to the trade of Brazil and GUINEA, various deliberationshave again taken place, the matter was finally foundas can be seen from the document of agreement inserted asfollows:

1647.(Note Book. 3. p.12ft.)CHC.oc.4.)June 24, 1647. Extract from the Minutes in theHague.• • «The third place is GUINEA, which, in future,shall be kept by the Chambers, and navigated onthe plan devised there for, and here fallowinginserted:That in conformity with the unanimous advicesof i l l the Chambers and chief participants, thetrade on the Coast of GUINEA shall remain to theCompany, to the exclusion of a l l others.-Further regulations as to the share of theslave trade of, ^nd the equipment of the Coastby the several Chambers.-(Thh rest of this volume appears to be- chieflyconcerned with peace with Portugal, andprolongation of Charter for 25 years &c &c)

1647. 123.The Deputies from the respective Chambers of the T .VIC.,assembled in 's-Gravenhage, after many debates and counterdebates, have resolved that for the present the Coast ofBrazil shall be traded and navigated in the manner and footing customary hitherto namely, that the trade on that Coastshall be open and fêe to every one, upon this conditionnevertheless, that a l l goods and merchandise shall bebrought into the Company's warehouses, and shall be carriedover by the Company's own or chartered ships upon the "recognition"and freight fixed thereon; everything by turnof the respective Chambers.And is further resolved that the trade of Guinea and StThome shall be regulated in the future and provisionallyon the basis of the plan (concept) now eevieed lately devised,the same to be religiously and punctually pursuedaccording to the contents thereof; upon this understandingthat the turns shall commence with the Chamber of Amsterdamand that the Chamber of Zeeland, at the first Assembly ofthe XIX,shall deliver in an accurate list of the cargoeslast sent from Zeeland by the ship "Hope" to Guinea, andthat that Assembly shall judge what the said Chamber shallreasonably be compensated there for.Item, that Angola for the first two years shall be navigatedin conformity with the last regulation.And that the aforesaid deputies undertake to get theirprincipals, by every means possibll to agree (agreeren).29 July 1647.The aforenamed deputies from the Chamber of Amsterdamhave requested that a distribution might be made of thego Id, and sagai 1 St Thome sugar lately received by the Chambersof Zeeland and Maze; whereupon the deputies from theChamber of Zeeland have declared that they indeed agreeto the distribution provided that they deduct from it the600 M. gold for their equippage last made to Guinea. Thosefrom the Maze maintain that the distribution ought to bemade at an Assembly of the XIX, and that they w i l l theregive everyone satisfaction; meantime letting it be knownthat they understand that the 180,000 guldens receivedby the Chamber of Amsterdam for an equippage to Guinea,ought also to be brought into the aforesaid account.The matter is consequently held up.No$e. The date of the last Minute in the book is1st August 1647.

124 1647.The next item in the book ( T "IC.oc.4.) i s :Advice of the Chamber of Westvriesland& the Northern Quarter over thepresent need of the WIC, and how thesame, being helped and restored, oughtto be directed and dealt with.Considering the extremities into which the state of theWIC. has fallen, and that now and then, at great expense,to the Company, various meetings and discussuians have beenheld, but wi%h not with such result that a sufficient anddefinite means has so far been discovered by which theruin (vervallene) can be erected and a definite and uniformbasis fixed.The Chamber of Westvriesland and Northern Quarter, beingmoved (gepermoveert) by deputies from the Directors andChief Participants of the Chamber of Amsterdam, have, onthe 24th September 1646, delivered their considerations(bedenkinge) to the Direcotrs and Chief Participants there.- And since, on 26th October 1646 the XIX in Zeelandbrought forward a short statement how and in what mannerthe Company (in kours and trade) could exist.-Upon which has ensued that the Chief Participants of therespective members, being met in December last in 's-Gravenhagehave produced a certain project, drawn up among themselves(eKcept those of the iilaes & Groningen) and deliveredthe same to the gentlemen of Zeeland in the Assembly of theXIX; upon which, on 20th December, resolution was takenthat i t should be further examined by deputies. ...And as the Chamber of Westvriesland w i l l again afvaardigenop de present uit schryvinge of reces in 's-Gravenhage.theyhave thought;? i t necessary, for the information of theirdeputies, ... to"resumeren" the aforesaid discussions, andto serve the members present with their advice.• • • • • • • • •• • • • • •Paragraphs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. - Relate to the trade at StPaulo Loando.7.Regarding the COAST OF GUINEA., it is understood that itshall remain closed, to be traded by the Company alone,uponthe basis practised hitherto.. It is also understood thatthe trading of slaves fSr Ardre u & the Calbarien shall betaken i n hand for the account of the Coim. any, and that suitableorder be given for the despatch of the necessary cargoe

1647. 125.8. St Thome9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Brazil16. N. Netherland.17. Ships, goods, &c of private persons, not complyingwith above, to be forfeited.• • •Thus done at Hoorn, in the Assembly of that Quarter,on the 22nd March 1647.•The next document:- ^LW^^LMConsiderations of the Directors & Chief Participantsof the Chamber of Zeeland submitted in accordance withthe order of the Stat. Gen. dd 30th ârch 1647, regardingthe "Redres, Mesnagie & Handelinge"of the Directorsfor the maintenance and "subsistence" of theWIC, -under the new Charter ... .• -This is a very long document, first referring in detailto each article of the Charter. Then 6 paras regarding thetrade of St Paulo de Loanda. Then:f 7.,Regarding the trade Coast of Guinea, ..". (similar toparagraph 7. in the report of the Northern Quarter supra,p. 124)The fol ows, "Regulation for St Paulo de Loanda for theperiod of two years, consisting of 12 paragraphs, of whichpara 11. re^ds as follows:"The aforesaid private traders shall not be allowed tonavigate to 'ny other places on the Coast of Africa, outsideSt Paulo de Loando, nor to any islands situate thereabouts,nor to drive any other trade than that of slaves,as it is emphatically declared that the Company is retainingfor itself the trade in Koper, elephants tusks &what further oocurs there."Then follows "Further Points of Mesnagie & Redres".Note. This ends the notes from the Book WIC.oc.4. asthe contents of other documents are sufficiently notedunde- the Resolutions of Stat. Gen. under 1648.

126. 1647.Nojulen van Besoignes, TIC. (WIC.oc.3)There is nothing of importance to note in this book, for1647.Letters & Papers from Brazil. 1647. (WIC.oc.63)Extract fromletter from the President and Council,Brazil, to the Chamber Zeeland, dd, "Recif de Pernambucothe last March 1647"."We may well suffer that YHH countermand the ships fromGuinea calling here, and provide us with means of moneyotherwise from the fatherland. We shall hold on as longas possible, lacking one thing and another, and finallybe compelled to break up here - With referenceto a letter from the Directors of Angola, theyask the Zeeland Chamber to make such provision for theWerthe South and North Coasts of Africa, that they (inBrazil) are excused from doing i t . - ...Copy letter from the Directors, WIC. to the director ofthe North Coast of Africa, Jacob van der Wel.In den Hage, 9th August 1647. (WIC.oc.10)Hond, Prudent, Trusty, Wellebeloved,With the arrival of the ships "Eendracht", "Veere", "StPieter" and "Regenbooch", on 18th & 19th July last, we receivedYH's last of 18th March last, and from it havelearnt, inter alia of the sad disaster overcome the shipfrom the Chamber of City Groningen & District, and the leteletters sent by that ship. We have therefore found goodto let this present yacht from the Chamber of Zeeland, otherwise destined to Arguin, and to call in there and deliverthose letters .... The Chamber of Amsterdam is now busyequipping a ship to the Coast according to the new orderdevised thereanent, which w i l l be communicated to YH in duecourse, and we trust w i l l give opportunity to provide forthe Coast better than hitherto. By that opportunity, wewe w i l l , as far as shall be necessary, reply to your aforesaidlast, and concluding, remain &c &c,YH's good friends,The deputed Directors of the respective Chamibersof the WIC. In the Hage,(sgd)W. van der Heijden. P. Marcus de Vogelaer.M. ten Hove. Herman Willemsz.

1647. 12?.Letters from the Gold Coast to the WIC. 1647. (WIC.oc.ll)(1) Original Letter, Fiscal Hendrick Caarlof to the WIC.Bel myna, 12th January 1647. J r *** t*Honble. Hond. Worshipful, Wise. Prudent. Very Discreet Sirs,Sirs,I should not have neglected to have written to YHH,alongwith the General, by way of Brazil, by the ship "Houttuyn"of Medenblick, chartered by the Chamber of Groningen j. ,to Pharnambucq, and "viorvicl^Von this Coast on 6th August, a"* ***^1but as, being at delmyna, I understood that the King ofGREAT CRAA had closed the trade, I was obliged to hasten Ithither with a l l speed. On my arrival there, the Kinghimself presently appeared to me in the Lodge, from whomI demanded the reason, and the camse that moved him toclose the trade. But I could get no definite answer, buthe said he would open the trade again. Meantime, the aforenamedship departing, my letter to YHH, sent to Delmina,missed it.On the 4th July arrived the ship "St Pieter" from Rotterdam,on board of which the General, in my absence,proceeded, catching sundry goods which were standing readyto be conveyed in a canoe by night; from which sufficientlyappears, as also was to be seen "aan de veedorn"of the sailors, that it was fairly full of private goods;a l l corners, therefore, were searched daily (as is continuallydone with ships arriving) until the ship was unloaded,when the goods wrre proceeded against, amounting,besides fish hooks which were declared free, to 15 Marksgold, which were confiscated, as further appears from theinvoice and sentence.T ^ _ J * 3 L _ Jfc>» J .]On the 1st August following (1646) appeared before Axemthe Swedish ship "St Jacob", which came before Del myna on4th ditto, on which, as captain, was Arent GABBESEN, wellknown to YHH; having 4n her many Netherlands seamen, asYHH can see from the list written by Gabbesen himself, &which the General got into his hands. I made protest^fva&&ptt4&n&»n*) that a l l those who were Netherlanders andhad no evidence of having a settled residence (woonaohtigv*ai i n gc ace ten) in Sweden should be taken off from her;when she would have been too weak to be able to put tosea again with the remaining Swedish and Banish seamen,and would have been frustrated from his further voyage,and had to seek refuge (uitvluchto) here on this Coast;

128. 1647.but this was not judged advisable by the Council, as YHHean learn from the document made on the matter.On the 8th ditto, I was informed by a certain Black,

1647. 129.APOLONIA, with a fluyt of 150 tons &g?eH$ and a yacht,andbeing therefore obliged to proceed with a l l haste to Axemto look after everything, and not being certain of beingable to return before the departure of the ship "Eendracht"I must therefore conclude this, referring for more detailto the General. With which, &cYHH's obedient servant,Return del Mynathe 12th January 1647. (sg&Hendrick CaarloX-.X ~a(2J Original Letter. ter. J Dir. Gen. J.van der Wel to XIX.WIC.18th March 1647,on t e Frigate"Eendracht" in the Roads ofSt Thome-.(The letter is written rittei throughout in the present tense, &the first part seems to have been written on the GolfCoast,& perha s onthe voyage to St Thome also.)THonbleSirs,Hon. Hond. Most worshipful(Gpoote Achtbare),Wise,Prudent,VeryDiscreet Sirs,Through the Grace and Direction of the All-Highest, timeis again granted us to make a l l necessary reports of whathas occurred both on the Gold Coast of Guinea and the IslandSt Thome since the departure of the ship "Haerlem", andafter having done that piecemeal when the ship "Houtijn"of Medeblick parted from the Gold Coast and the ship "GoldenStar" of London, before Cormantijn, sailed to England:copies of which letters you can see in the annexures.But it might happen that YHH reaeived this before the"Houtyn" letter and documents sent therewith. ThereforeI send copies of the same papers & annexures.But before we introduce the state of the Gold Coast &St Thome, we have to say that that we heartily regret tosee so many ships and yachts of foreign nations that haveappeared on the Gold Coast with Commissions from the CrownsofFrance, England, Denmark, and Sweden. Various of themhave their principal trade based on the slave trade, neverthelesssome with small cargoes of value on the Coast ofGuinea, and remain for a while, which yet cause great injuryto the Company, both on the Tusk and Quaqua Coastsand Assine, scratching up what trade falls there, so thatYHH's yachts find little, without keeping s t i l l in drawing

130. 1647.to themselves everything that comes to hand in the Bight.Moreover, in the period of 10 months, we have had' on theCoast 3 ships and 2 yachts on behalf of the English GuineaCompany, laden with well assorted cargoes, both for Guineaand*the Bight, namely, the ships "Hope","Golden Star", &"King James", die voorwaar ten principale hebbe aengetastand led us to prepare for underselling,so that they shouldperceive that the Company has not become powerless /asthey daily spread abroad and that they w i l l shortly see achance to uitlwlpan owe/(get rid of us?), as their mastersintend henceforth^ to take the Guinea business seriouslyin hand. But through the well and timely arrival of theship "St Pieter" of Rotterdam, we have treated them so wellthat they creep into their shell, and daily cry w?Me&Bte-o«sthat the Coast is of no more good, because of the large remainderswhich accumulate through the bringing down of solittle gold, since the departure of the ship "Haerlem", andhaving to sell their goods according to (-nervcn«>)«^ us, &cannot make the desired remittances fc^migw)as previouslywhen YHHs' equippages were so slack (••iaj^. In short,this is one of the best means to make them weary, the moreso as they have not St Thome from which to benefit, eethat they eeuld -ihich used to/augment- frgfrivfwm) theirunderselling on the Coast. Therefore shortly, and whilethe matter is being dealt with tfraci •« parage o

1647.prevented him from receiving gold; which has detained him,so that he did not part from the Coast before 11th June1646, and for 3-4 months he had to give his crew subsistencemoney I — i n order to live from the country.I gave Mulgrave a letter to YHH, under cover to Mr Willemvan der Heyde, in order thereby to provide that the letterwere not opened.The ship "Golden Star" from London, 70-SO tons, andyacht named "Maria Constant", 30 tons, arrived on 3rd Julylast before Cormantijn; as the ship "St Pieter" of Rotterdamlikewise did: bringing a cargo of f. 148,479:2:-, asslso for St Thome, amounting to f. 8,899; having on board100 eaters, among whom 20 soldiers for the Gold Coast and30 soldiers and seamen for St Thome; at which we heartilyrejoiced, both in order to oppose the English in theirnewly brought cargoes, and to provide the Forts with men.In opening and examining the aforesaid merchandise, wefound some damaged and short, which you can see from theaccompanying attestation; as also the v«ry knavish tricksthat the bead sellers are beginnigg to employ, so that thebead work is not only bad, but in the cases that are paidfor by YHH as "pasta quispelgreyn" at 19-20 pieces the lb,are thrown many bad worthless "quispelgreynen" of 12-13pieces, a l l too much of which we found, both in this cargoand in that which the Zeeland frigate has brought. Whetherthis was done with the knowledge of the receivers or not,is unknown to us, and after this, it ought to be well seento that i t is done no more, and strict supervision thata good assortment of beads' work is brought, as it is ofgreat concern that the Englsih usually out-do us in betterassortments. But we cannot easily forget the first-ratebead work that the last ship from Amsterdam brought us here.There is scarcely one cask of copper work in which we donot find 10, 12, or 13 pounds short, so that it seems tohave been done purposeiy by the sellors, and thus te getseek to get in the interest upon what must be given oncredit somewhat long. ufore attention ought also to bepaid to the copper work that it may be of such assortmentin sizes a in the formulas asked from YHH, for i f theyare smaller they remain with us as we cannot persuade theBlacks to buy them.The easks of arm rings v.e find agree in ;ounds, but many/mistakes occur in awking^the 'hêductie ill blag,*", and as theyare brought into the accounts by us in pieces and not inpounds, you w i l l please in future have them accuratelycounted in each cask.

132. 1647.The victuals received by the "St Pieter" suffered damageby the leaking of the o i l , of which from the 2 awmssent for the country not more than 40 cans were receivedby me; besides which, 676(?) lbs stock fish, both short &spoilt, according to the attestation. We have not daredto issue these victuals to the garrison. On 6th July last+he yacht "Dolphyn" of Hoorn arrived before del Myna. Ithad transported 162 slaves from Arder and brought 160 toSt Thome; proceeded from there to the Tusk and QuaquaCoasts and traded 5,278 lbs elephants tusks, 56 piecesQuaqua cloths and 14 engels gold. By that yacht I receivedadvice from Commandant Mulder that the CommisarisGe-rit Hasenberch had died on 28th April. The trade hadbeen placed in the hands of one Carel Verschuren who sailedout as supercargo on the ship "Loande" of Zeeland, who i n deed has little experience to handle such matters. Noproper statement was made to me either of the remainingor- traded merchandise, s t i l l lees of the victuals. Commandantwrites to our charge a fright that he was victualledfor no longer than 4-5 months from 18th July 1646,andthat i f he did not shortly get relief he would be obligedto abandon the Island, as YHH can see from the copy of hisletter in these annexures. About this I considered i tnecessary to make provision and to send by the "St Pieter"the quantity of victuals indicated in the list. Truly thisIsland causes me much anxiety chiefly because I have solittle material on the Coast to appoint another in GerritHasenberch's place. I beg YHH please to employ experiencedFactors, and to send none but are well trained in writingaccounts bookkeeping &c. Finally I thought good to sendthither Factor Reynier Doucques, whose time of engagementhad almost expired, who sought to evade it with many excuses,but by the exercise of authority he agreed to occupyHasenberch's place at a monthly salary of f.108. He departedthither on the 21st July with the St Thome cargo(brought by the "St Pieter") by the yacht Dolphyn which,after unloading the cargo, w i l l sail into the Bight totrade 150 slaves.The arrival of ARENT GABBESEN, and his doings on the GoldCoast, we reported to YHH by the "Houtyn". What furtherwas carried out, I have done with the advice of the skipperof the "St Pieter", which ship we despatched on the 21stSeptember, which departed with 560 Marks gold and 1,8009^lbs elephants tusks, in order to pay attention to the doingsof Arent Gabbesen, and to proceed to St Thome to load thesugar that was ready; but at first not to hurry in this,butpreviously, and u n t i l the end of November, to cruise roundor lie at the Island, as he with Commandant Molder shallfind advisable, in order to prevent Arent Gabbesen attempting

.V£Si1647. 133.anything to his profit with the inhabitants of the Island,as our intention then was to let the St Pieter go by wayof Brasil and to depart with the first fleet; but thearrival of the Zeeland Frigate caused us afterwards to resolveotherwise. In this good fortune served us that theSt Pieter encountered ARENT GABBESEN about rio d'Gabon,and on the 5th ditto (October) Arent gabbesen came onboard the St Pieter and, so he said, had obtained there 260slaves and some elephants' tusks; had sailed out of theCalbary on 23rd September, and had been in great peril oflosing the ship; indeed it had cone so far that Arent Gabbesenhad already packed up his handiest goods to bring themon shore. He said his crew were reasonably healthy, butalready had 24 slaves dead and some s t i l l lying sick.According to instructions, skipper Blaey had been orderedon meeting Gabbesen, !'to remain by him if this could be done;which was accomplished by harder sailing and so they droppedanchor together at Cape de Loop, when Gabbesen already had30 dead. Meantime this advice was satisfactory to us, especiallythe sequel to it. It happened that on the 14thOctober they set sail together, and on the 16th ditto gotsight of the Island St Thome, but Arent Gabbesen disappearedfrom them on the 18th. Whereupon there was nothing betterfor them to do than hastily to put in at "rolletjes" -(perhaps meaning the very small island i/immediately southof St Thome named I.Roles on the map in Dapper, p.250, andI das Rolas on map in Linschoten edition of "Brun's Schifffarten",and that in Labat's Êthiqpie Occidentals" Vol.1."Rola" in Portuguese means"turtle".j. There they foundArent Gabbesen anchored (gcoetcn, otr:>ndod?-r, who, whenhe saw the St Pieter, made sail and met him, and so theysailed together to the west t i l l the 25th of the same month,when he parted from him and proceeded back to "rolletjes",before which he cruised for 2 days without hearing of Gabbesen;and so came to anchor with the ship on the 29th beforeFort Sebastiaen. This is a l l the report we can .make aboutArent 3abbesen, beyond saying that when the St Pieter wassailing after him various dead Blacks were seen drifting;and it is certain that he had(lost)at least 40, to commencehis long voyage; as ordinarily it is tv.o month's work beforeone can? sail into Barbadoes from Cape de Loop; and with thiswe end what has to be reported about Arent Gabbesen.ing to the lata* of time, We w i l l "volgens memorij" pointout that the yacht Fort' yn of Amsterdam, in its trade, "vanherder", transported (sic, Arder?) transported 197 slavesand delivered not more than 156 at St Thome, so that thethe mortality in i t may be c?lled great; but the attestation

134. 1647.causes us, after enquiry, to believe this. "YHH en moetgeen ook hebben off sulks door valsheyt van getuige geschiede",but to pay attention to the genuine declarationof the pr-Incipal officers of the ship or yacht. Altogetherthe two yachts Dolphyn and Fortuyn have therefDDe togetherdelivered 316 Arder slaves at St Thome. On the am samevoyage the yacht Fortuyn sailed to the Bight to trade tusksand 150 slaves to Sfc Thome, and on the 1st August arrivedbefore del myna; was shortly got ready again, and on the25#h set sail again to trade tusks and slaves in the Bight:but Factor Dirch Geerlofse we are keeping at del Myna inorder to let him go again to Arder in the coming season,as we have no one else competent on the Coast. Weauthorised skipper Claes Wrancke to perform the duties ofFactor on that yacht, without as yet increasing hismonthly pay; but first to see how he w i l l manage.On the 25$h ditto (©etefee?) (August?) arrived the yachtVisser, which had sailed from the Coast on 9th April last,first to the Benyn, where i t found that the Factor Callenaerhad died on the 18th March; took off the cloths there,consisting in 4890 P.-reckoned in "eleene" retail, theaccount comes out properly- and left the Assistant JanClaessen Podt as Factor, whom we have put at a monthly payof fl2 - f20, from the 18th April, when he took over charge.The yacht's trading has had a sober result, bringing8,031 lb elephants' tusks and Mk.8, Engels,3^, in gold.On the 16th September arrived the fluyt ship Regenboochof Middelburg before del Myna, skipper Huybrecht Adriaensewho declared to us that he had set s a i l from the Recif inBrasil on the 10th August last, with instructions from theMessrs the High Councillors to s a i l to the Island St Thometo load sugar (which we' thought strange, not doubting thatthose gentlemen have an extract of the resolution of theXIX of the 14th December 1644, that only the Guinea shipsshall take off the return cargoes at St Thome). It isvery unnecessary for this to be taken in hand and to drivethe Company into expence over it, as the four ships thatought to come to the Coast annually can well come short(wel cunnen schorten). This ship having reached the GoldCoast through contrary currents and wind, was not neglected(verzuynt), but came at a convenient time as there wereno ships or yachts on hand to carry on the slave tradebefore Arder and to carry them to St Thone; for with thearrival of the yachts that had traded the Bight,Commandantl**ldei> Ifalder advised that there was a want of slaves atthe island. We therefore had the ship supplied withwater and firewood and furnished with a cargo under thesupervision of Factor Dirck Geerlofsen, and it left on the16th October, with instructions to trade more than 400

135.slaves of which we have ordered 40 to be sent to the Coastby the yacht Reaal, to be employed there (sic), and totransport the rest to St Thome. Afterwards I show herehow many it delivered.9ld£fiDesd*i 6 3z svis'iB blooo 9«t 11 *Ytfd oj Y*T

136. 1647.w i l l compel us also to give them at 3 engels, and keepus " i n devotij" t i l l the arrival of their expected ship;meantime (we) s t i l l profit \ engels on each stave; andthe serges they w i l l not neglect to buy because they aremade so naturally after the Leiden ones - therefore i t washighly necessary to buy, i f we could arrive at a reasonableprice.with Meteaif We fixed a price with Metcalf howmuch we intended to accept the goods at, about which hecould speak with the captain.v/ts'ioaT 9TOi90 \ nl J! ssw in D9JP>SH orfv ,mso'9JSfcA io H B X J O MMetcalf asked for an opportunity to speak with me aloneand complained very much of the bad treatment the Englishgave him. He offered me that i f I »ould employ him inthe capacity of sub-factor, to be willing to resign the60 gulden he now earned with the English and to serve theCompany for 30 gulden. I replied to him that I could notdo so seeing that the gentlemen at home had given him noemployment at his request. He stood very sadly and saidhe would seek ail opportunity to get away fro a the ship althoughhe had to go about in the bush(in't bos) so long asthe ship was here, and take the opportunity of gettingaway from here by an English or Company's ship. In a l lthe actions which we observed in this person it was nototherwise than that he had a knavish character. I shouldalso make him no cashier over my purse.. He sought for along time to be able to come "ergens in't vatte", but• _. could not get his wish. In the afternoon the Curgyn sail-L W j ^ J ed on board to 'aake report to the captain. Metcalf remainedat his request, and with the intention of seeing i f Icould get any information out of him whether there were anyHollanders with the ship and cargo. He declared there werenot and that he knew of no others than the aforenamed English.He showed me a contract made ..ith them that heshould earn 50 gulden a month provided he gave security for30,000 gulden for his fidelity. In fine Metkalf might wellstay out for Mr Ritherson & his brother afterwards died &now there is only the Curgyn who also was very sick at CapeLoop. In conclusion, and for brevity, for what occurredfurther, I refer to the accompanying Journal.Bought from Ritherson:on bed 9ii bns aidsj'xua Sen etisaaw aas am SeL ileoJaJ noxrtw1000 ps staves Swedish iron a 2\ engels tp. Mk.17-4-1020 ps blue serge a 24 engels tp. 3-6- 020 ps cannekyns a 5 engels tp. 0-6- 420 ps ettecon a 5| engels tp. 0-7- 324 ps perpetuanen a 22 engels tp. 4-1- 04 ps nopjes a 8 engels tp. 0-2- 0Mk.27-3- 15' Jripood Son v.sdj - I t on

.VÎ.Sol1647. 137.ojnee R

138. 1647.which is truly a great deal of money. It brought a cargoof f.148,641. 12 stvrs, for the Gold Coast, and one for StThome amounting to f.13,680-13-12. With vexation we sawfrom the invoices the ill-assortment of this cargo. Itappeared that no regard had been taken to the formulas, i naccordance with which it ought to have been formed. Muchmore lywaet was sent than was required. The serges whichought to have been 600 p. came to only 300 p. Sheetswhich ought to have been 6-7000 came to only 2,800 p. TheHolland "Mantees«jes" are spoiled goods and trash whichcannot be sold to the Blacks at 3 gulden, and cost 37stuivers. A l l the "tycken" and large and small "aneba"might well have remained behind. The tin work so heavyand so f u l l of lead that they cannot be disposed of at a l l .I do not know for what purpose "benyt" hooks were sentagain as my predecessor had so earnestly written that nomore be sent. YHH can see hew many from the general remainderhow many we s t i l l have here, and can sell none.In th/bead-work much falsification has been committed, bad"quispelgreyne" being found instead of "pasta". It appearsthat "er jonge papenbroecken" begin to come. YHH w i l lplease to provide for this. I regret that I must complainabout the cargo, but fear that i f I made no complaintsthe-e woulg b a ^ t ^ l l mgp. fêarelessness. To follow theformulas/is the best for the Company. It appears as i fthere are many goods on the Coast; meantime it is stocked(beset) with 50-60,000 gulden in gross, that w i l l remainlong on hand, unless the English equipped soberly, and sothe Blacks be pessed for them against their w i l l .By the aforenamed frigate came to my hands YHHs 1 acceptableletter of the 21st July last and the annexed appendixdated 25th ditto, which I shall proceed to answer; and firstproceed to the point about the the foreign ships and yachtswhich have been appeared here: which is that after thewhat had previously been written, a ship and yacht(appeared)on the 24th October. I sent factor Jan van Sweeden onboard by aanoe, who, on return, made report that it was asmall ship of 80-90 tons, mounted with 14 guns, and 40eaters, named the Samaritan, flying a French flag, andhaving a commission from that Crown. The Captain born atDieppe (Diepen) named Matheeus Neel. The skipper,Hendrickvan den Burch, from Vlissingen, previously in the Company'sservice as skipper on the ship Nassou; besides which somemore natives of Holland and Zeeland; declared he had sailedout of the Maas on the 18th June and took in their ladingbefore Schiedam; had traded a parcel of tusks on theQuaqua Coast, but had no Coast cargo; would not make knownwhere he would transport the slaves he intended to trade inthe Bight; had a Jew on board, who received much "credyt"

1647. . 139.in the Cabin. The yacht, about 25 tons(last), named theYoung Samaritan, Capt Jante Lier. The aforenamed VanSweeden put before the skipper how did he dare (?word i l l egible) to take this in hand thus. . He replied that hefeared nobody and that he well wished to break with theCompany Wao-êeJroyi-tfef-Cwapfaafk. .meejfym -taad&a^ as they haddone injury to him and his. He complained very much thatthe Company had detained him for three years, and alwaysgiven him hope of employing him, until he had consumed' hissubstance 0»i»ot«-«j | e€

140. 1647. ..'s a i l with a moderate land wind.eail-with-a-mederateThe Equipage Master returned and said that the previousnight he had got close te by the Portuguese, and in theearly morning at 3 o'clock they had sent their boat fromalonside (van boort) f u l l of empty casks. In the afternoonthe frigate came to anchor a good cannon shot tothe East of the PortugueseOn the 24th ditto, at daybreak, we saw both the Portugueseand the frigate close to the reads. They anchoredbefore del Myna. The Chief factor, Isaac Coeymans, whomI had sent on board the previous day to assist withadvice, came ashore. He reported that when they anchoredyesterday they fired two shots on the Portuguese, butcould not reach i t . The friends therefore thought goodto send the large canoe with Coeymans on board to fetchthe captain, who showed himself willing, and declaredthat his ship and inladen goods belonged to merchants atVyane I?), from where they had then sailed five monthsbefore, with destination Rio D' Genero; he'had littlelading of importance, 14,400 pounds Spanish iron, 6-6cases lywaet, "herpuys pick & swavel", consigned to variousmerchants there; he thought to obtain his lading insugar freight, and to return with i t to Vyane or otherplaces; fcnad reached here through contrary (verleyding van)currnets; and it had been two days previously that theyhad sighted land without being able to surmise what landit was. 1L That evening the Fiscal, Coeymans, and theskipper of the frigate, with 16-17 nen, sailed with thecaptain to the Portuguese to arrest her provisionally,andto exchange men against theirs. When the men came onboard they at once proceeded to plunder in such a disorderlymanner that a l l the officers had enough to do to preventit; yes, they sought to attack the wonen, consisting infour persons. Coeymans, who considering ray sickly conditionhad thought it not advisable(for me) to go on board,asked my advice in the matter, whether this "man", shipand feeds cargo ought not to be declared forfeited; butwas,nevertheless, of "he contrary opinion. Although Iwas s t i l l weak and sickly I nevertheless jlucked up courageto sail on board, and to assemble a l l the members ofCouncil, to effect something for the best interests of theCompany. We could find no papers (brieven) among themwhich referred to stopping at other places than Rio deGenero. We examined the crew separately, who declaredthey knew nothing else about their voyage than that it wasintended to Rio de Genero. The captain,and named EmanuelRobero, and the mate made similar declarations.$9~VL JrlosTbn93 ©J-^lrft sd* r3bss*Khi£-D is , oJ-Jio b*r£S arfj s£L „

1647. 141.- -1And seeing that we had never been informed by lettersfrom the Honourable gentlemen, or any one else, that thoseof Rio d'Genero had been disturbers of the peace, but onthe contrary had separated themselves( hun gepareerde) fromthe rebels in Brasil, and displayed no hostility towards theCompany, and we did not know that the ship or crew had su«rhin mind, it was found good by the Council, by a majority ofvotes, to grant this ship and crew safe-conduct,; and to restorea l l the plundering that the men had done. . We allowedthe Portuguese to fetch some water and accomodated him insome small things^ and he departed on 31st ditto.. ni; v!'"!90;'iot oals (rioinnoii neJieM sno ar-w cp.Lr. i9~ ritxp ?.pThe yacht Reaal of Amsterdam, which we had sent fromhere on the 10th November last to the Benyn, to conveymerchandise and take off return cargoes, had, ion its returntouched at Arder and taken off 40 slaves from the latterFactor, Dirck Geerlofse, and brought them te,on the 3rd January,together with Benyn returns, 4? 4,008 pieces in smallcloths, which were as bad as ever seen. The Factor, JanPodt, advised that the English got hold of everything thatcomes there and managed to buy nothing bad; but in coming ,up the Coast they had sold the large 4^"bant-a" at 2% engels;which formerly they could easily sell at 4 engels. In short,the Benyn trade at present is of little signifiance for theCompany.On the lLth January last, arrived a "doch" boat'fromLondon, having sailed 10 weeks previously. The Factor,named Mr Biseh Bisschop, had made various voyages in slavetrading, which he now had in mind, to bring them to Barbadoes.He declared he had found in Serlioens a small boat (bootje)about 40 tons, on which was factor, Albert Smient, skipperRutger Janse of Schellingwou, with destination the Bight,for slaves, and the Island St Thome, for which he said hehad little goods; further to Barbadoes where he intended totrade his slaves, sell the small ship, to ship the returncargo by freight on a Holland ship and so return home.Smient, chief boatswain, "was op dese Bisschop geraackt",who was examined and told us he knew nothing else but thatthat small ship had been fitted out at Amsterdam, and cominginto Texel, sailed out with other ships but, through contrarywinds,went in again where most of the crew deserted the ship,whepe meat and he then "opraakte sonder dat hij wist waarde reys laagl?) gelegen", and when he asked the skipper this,he replied "Well men! as I am risking my body, dare you notdo so also?". Bisschop further told us that as he camesailing along the Coast he found a galjoot lying beforeAssine, with factor Tilleman Willekes of Amsterdam, withDANISH Commission, but that the large ship, standing "onderregaerd" of the aforesaid, lay trading on the Quaqua Coast

142. 1647.and had already obtained 3% tons(1st last) tusks. Hethought he would also visit the Coast; and, in order tocome to the end of the Tilleman matter, it was found goodby us to send the Fiscal to AXEM, who encountered the shipand galjoot before CAMA; being a fluyt with 14 field guns(goteling), 36 eaters, 140 tons, named Prince of Denmark.Tilleman said he had the position of skLpper with a genuineCommission from the King of Denmark, which he showed to theFiscal besides papers of citizenship (borgerschap) atGulucatadt. He had no Coast cargo; intending to s a i l toCalbary without anchoring anywhere, for slaves, and furtherto the Cribes Islands. Besides Tieleman i t appeared thatas skippper also was one Marten Konnich, also formerly inthe Company's service. I have had enquiry made by canoewhether he came to anchor anywhere along the Coast, buthave not been able to learn i t . The Factors on the Coastmurmur greatly among themselves, why the Company has notemployed this Tieleman, and say that he had endured suchsevere voyages by continually sailing into the Bight, andnow to get no employment must fall hard, as they are notaware but that he had behaved properly. It greatly discouragesyour servants and creates disgust towards theCompany.As the aforenamed Bisschop had arrived in the morning,another English ship came into the roads, together with anopen chajjloup. Fiscal Caarlof came on shore with the FactorJoseph Tiringham and Skippper Francisco Crover. They saidthe ship was about 80-90 tons, mounted with 16 gotelingen,36 eaters, named Swallow; sailed out of the Downs on the21st December, with destination to the Bight for the purchaseof 200 slaves; they hope (vertrouw) to the Calbary, seeinfthat their accompanying chaloup had been set up with 2"reseyls" in Rio Chester (sic - Sestos?). They ellS§?ft$W8that the commander (opperhoofd) of the Company's "leggers"there had died, and they found no one there else but anEnglish sailor who had previously deserted from an Englishyacht, and was enticed by the deceasdd's "legger" to remainwith him. As his first companion had been drowned in theriver, this Fnglish sailor would like to have cleared out fremfromthere with the grain, a good quantity, and elephants"tusks that he had with him there, and to ship everything inthis English ship. But the King of the country made difficultiesabout it, and would not allow it, seeing that theywere not the rightful masters of the goods; but the Kingadvised the "legger" to wait t i l l the coming of the PestpeerttPostpaert; which has gone waell according to our wish. TheEnglish sailor complained stoutly that he had been daily soimportuned by the King in demanding gifts and presents, thati t was not to be borne. We hope that the Postpaert w i l lhave found everything as 4 it ought to be.-

1647. 143.Having made this report these people offered to sell ussome merchandise and they were willing to part with it ata reasonable price. I had $he Council assemble to consultabout this. It was resolved that i f they would sellaccording to our wishes, to accept the same, provided everythingthey offered was current; except the serges whichwere not indeed entirely current; but seeing they were almostof the same colour as the Company's which are sufficientlysold, it was therefore necessary to buy them in orderto stop the English serges, who keep themselves strictlyat 2onz the piece; and to get these at 40 gulden the piecewe intend to place them at 56 gulden the piece, and YHHw i l l s t i l l make large profits and bring "d'Elas" in theEnglish Company, which is stocked with a large quantity,verybad, and be assorted besides them. Menatime we hope weshall obtain Holland "sufle" (??). The ACANISTS, when •they have no gold on hand beg us for the Yerse deekens & '***^the fine tinwork that they offer to buy as i t appears veryfine to them also, and when any gold comes down they w i l lat once fet^h it away. It seems to us also very highlydesirable to be able to sell the heavy tinwork that theZeeland frigate has brought. In short,the goods pleasedps well and consequently were bought as the best interestsof the Company required; for this is certain and true thatso far as the Company lets these eurreat geede lets thesecurrent goods escape it they w i l l get into the hands of thethe English of of the Blacks who by buying goods from theslavers, gain much money annually. But we shall keep goodlook out to buy something from the English Guinea Companytraders merchantmen, either remainders or otherwise.In short, to proceed with the business, the following werebought from them:alriJ )F *Eri,t/fjpj?*''• orr'^B^bB'i5fts3 si*"*"* - 7 "^ r"jB5^fcy>9vior.a*r79 p. blue serge at 20 engels t.p. Mk.12-2-12129 p.yerse deeckens iat 12 p. p. benda. 2-5- 87251b tinwork at 701b p benda?rra§< 2-4-11^740 p. yellow armrings at 7 jr engel. a T 7 0-6-9^-• Marks 18-3-9?mitt' tti'~*tiai

144. 1647.also suffers no prejudice as we ahall not buy unless theyare current. We made them due payment and they departed.Likewise came the aforementioned "doch" boat, which in theafternoon put to sea with a strong sea breeze, back again tothe roads,'when it was dark; but was warned by the frigateEendracht, with a shot, not to come into the roads at nignt,but dropped anchor a little from the roads and came to theZeeland frigate. The skippper offered to sell a parcel ofgoods, whose purse I believe, was not well furnished. Hewas not pleased that I would not buy his goods. Seeing nochance, he proceeded on board, raised anchor, and sailedalong the coast to before Cormantyn.srfi ni ! 'ssj 5" -.riiid frfts silftbiq 'asnal sSsm tllfs H l wThe yacht Dolphyn of Hqorn appeared from the Bight andwindward places, on 16th January. Its traded tnaks consistedin 11,242 lbs, of which 9,721 lbs to St Thome in accordancewith order, to the Commassaris Douckes, in order to beladen on the ships coming there. The rest, traded on theQuaqua Coast was shipped in the ship Eendracht. The yachtNew Enckhuysen had brought 103 slaves to the Island,havingcarried 115 out-of the Calbary, so thatr 12 had died. FactorFrancisco MeyfertJiad died on 22nd August, which i f God hadpleased I would gkldly have seen otherwise, since we are soshort of Factors, both on the Coast and Bight. The lettersfrom the Commandant Molder and-Reynier Doeckes urged mestrongly not to neglect to proceed in person to the Island,and the Portuguese were greatly longing for me, chiefly tospeak about the matter of trade; while also I was necessarilyrequired with rejagrd to Gerrit Hasenbergh's accounts,andthe large amount of debts among the the Portuguese in them.Also I did not see that Commandant Molder had made any progressin affairs concerning the extract from YHHs' letter,received by the frigate Eendracht; and seeing that at thistime there was not much business on the Coast, I have, forthe service of the Company, and my own peace of mind, thoughtgood to proceed thither by the ship or frigate Eendracht;and so sailed from the Myna roadstead on 17th January. Howwe found-it there, I shall refer to later i n detail, andbefore taking that in hand shall reply to the points in theletter received from YHH by the aforesaid frigate concerningthe Coast of Guinea, and bring that which concerns StThome to the suitable place.Firstly, as regards the ships and letter to which YHHrefer, they have,praise God,.as stated before, arrivedsafely, and we learned with joy of the arrival of the shipsby which Mr Ruychaver de-arted, as we hope to hear of theships that have departed from the Island, namely St Pieterof Amsterdam, Frigate Eendracht, and Regenbooch of MiddelfeareXborch, with return cargoes of 1,300 Marks gold. From

1647. 145.which YHH w i l l understand that the accounts from mid-May toend-December do not amoutt to more than 1.268: 3: 2% engels,and the rest 31: 4: 13^ was taken with me to the Island StThome, to see i f I could make any profit with it by the purchaseof sugar, and as I could not tempt them, I consideredit advisable to send it to YHH.nr,arxutmsno rvprsns s YneqmoJ r srft Miooad II tw •fcfial'rtIt has gone in almost the same way with the elephants'tusks as the accounts' of purchases does not amount to morethan 18,009^ lb, and as they were by my order collected atSt Thome a l l what was traded by the Bight yachts after closingthe accounts, YHH w i l l see that 19,598 lbs are now beingremitted, which w i l l be written off in credit in the nextfollowing.•The amount oi >

146. 1647.os v/M-ola. ;,.c-it aj/icooua arii fja/fi ^Bipiahaii ILlm KHY rful^capturing d'Myna and are you trying to suppress it entirely?You w i l l do wrong." For the King of ZABOUW, who at presentpossesses the Kingdom and is a friend ttf the Trade and theACCANISTS who are particularly grateful to him, w i l l beannoyed i f he is deprived of the profits and, instead of afriend, w i l l become the Company's enemy; or meanwhile,inorder to alleviate his losses, one would have to dipfreely into the purse every year. Butall this is theleast; for because of a "Hantgedraey" and small disputesamong the Blacks, the paths are immediately closed, sothat the ACCANISTS could not come to de Myna, like as, Godknows, we have experienced for three months, and then theybring their goods to Moure. On the other hand, i f thepaths to Moure are sometimes closed through war, the goldfinds its way fctawloAdâfrt^ to de Myna.In abandoning the port of CORMANTYN, I see no injuryfor YHH, for in my opinion when one is underselling, theless gold received, the better, and when there is no undersellingthen the Blacks come to us at the places where thegoods are; so that the expense of keeping a yacht aXe?saved.To treat the ACCANISTS so that they are contented, I am verymuch inclined, but the way they abuse it comes troublesome;in these fays one almost needs to get up from one's chairand.let them sit in it. Accory is at present reasonablyobtainable at ACRA, whereby, praise God, we. find the portis improving remarkably i n the receipt of gold; which isgreatly the cause that we give things somewhat cheap atACRA. But i f there is underselling this causes the goldto be held up there, as otherwise through the great differeaeein price, it camp to the leeward places. On of the FnglishFactors, who came to viwt visit me at de Myna, stoutlycomplained about the receipt of gold, saying among otherthings that we used %o get such fine gold from ACRA, and nowwe (sic) see it no more. In short, they complain andlament as they w i l l like.YHH say that you are very sceptical fr**>©*») about entirelyabandoning any trading places

.^31 ,8M1647. 147.sent for it, which we find has not been, done, and insteadof the frigate Eendracht bringing, as it ought, 20 menfor the Coast and 30 for St Thome, not more than 19 menin a l l have appeared, which I hope w i l l be supplementedehertiy later. In ray opinion AXEM could do with 20 men,so that the Blacks do not become our masters; but if enemiesappeared from outside, with the serious intention of attackingit, 30- men could not help, and the Fort is not worth somany, seeing the sober profits YHH draw from it. For thisDistrict maintains itself with nothing else than by tradingfor cloths, twice a year, on the Quaqua Coast; whichwe have forbidden unless a reasonable toll is paid to.-us,which, because of the small garrison, they stoutly oppose;and as- I wish to go to St Thome it has stopped at that.But, on our return, we intend to pursue the matter and tomake a t r i a l whether the expenses can be alleviated by thatmeans. The effect of it .YHH will have to learn later.We shall henceforth see that all the tusks that come, fromthe Bight by the yachts shall be left at St Thome t i l l thearrival of home-going ships, so that YHH may always beserved with a return cargo as far as possible. | -ft" , "T£We find that YHH are dissatisfied that something was «a«g»U /allowed to the Fiscal out of the "

148. 1647.129-130 men, among whom 20 sic& and infirm ... (furtherthereon. St Thome) ...- The "Roij" frigate sent is unsuitable. -As regards the victuals at del Myna, we are sufficientlydestitute of them and we are very concerned with what I shalshall feed the men who s a i l on the yachts, with regard towhat I have sent to the Island, as stated before. Thereforeit is necessary to supply, i f possible, for 200 men for oneyear, and i f the yacht Medenblick is added, than for 26 menmore. The accident of the o i l on the St Pieter leakingout «

1647. 149.- He is grateful for the salary accorded to him which isthe same as that allowed Air Ruychaveir, but as he is responsible,besides the Gold Coast, for St Thome which depriveshim of more nights' rest than Guinea, i f he had been allowedf4Q0 a month,he would gladly have surrendered the flOOto be relieved of St -fffe^î ^- He w i l l carry out their orders about St Thome.-$nlA s-rfj to aaorijTjB legioniar srtt lo sno a I orfw ,Y'JAT bsmsn- Expresses thanks for the share of the limejuice allowedhim. -- He will, as ordered, instruct the skippers going viaBrasil about not taking out any of the return gold there.-- Before replying to the points about St Thome, in theletter under reply, he w i l l .first'proceed with the stateandsituation of Guinea, and say, JC°J^L\^tm\m\' -' %m\\\\\ 'that it is not to be doubted that you w i l l be extremelysurprised at the .sober retarns of gold that were made lastyear by the ship Haerlem and now by these ships; which hadIts origin, especially in the autumn, when the ACKANISTSgot into open war against the District from wheê the goldactually comes, and that, over an insignificant dispute.A certain slave in ACCANNY, who considered he had been badlytreated by his master, contrived to k i l l his master, andtook flight into the District where the gold cones from.He appears to have been well liked there, as he had formany years carried on his master's trade on commission(there). The friends of the murdered .naster demandedthe slave, to punish him, which was-refused on the otherside, which aroused such hatred between the parties thatthe trade was entirely stopped by i t , and no sale bf goodswas done. The beach ACCANISTS, indeed, show themselvesas much grieved about it as

150. 1647.receipts in gold, is also not free, so that we have seenlittle from there for a long time; but these pathsimmm—

1647. 151.CORMANTYN. But in order to prevent him, as far as possiblefrom getting any trade we used 6ur utmost exertions, by sendingour deputies, on several occasions, to the King ofFETU, and seriously admonished him to the fulfilment of the ftjmade with Mr van Yperen and afterwards renewed by Mr AarentJacobsz deceaesed, and Mr Ruychaver, on pain that i f he didnot comply with it, we should "de hant met hem sluyten van"a l l the enjoyment »tha.t. hj8j.drwws daily from the Company; toallow no market at DE MYNE for his community; and to setfire to (in brand a&hittc*») the village of CABO CORS, bybombardment, if they go on board the English. I had himfurther told that I should close the trade and have a l l ourgoods brought to Moure, in order to divert the traders(from whom, in time of peace he daily receives great profit).The deputies reported that they found the King very confoundedby these proposals, and cor Id perceive that he had got afright. The ACCANIST Captain and the ACCANISTS under himwe daily persuade (with promises not tertf to sell the goods &thnp the English) to help in hindering this business; who sidewith us, and dissuade the King, in order to avert a l l disasters.The English Factors (surprisingly) do not proceedto FETUY for the furtherance of the matter, but^take greattrouble to get on board the two principal traders, namelyJAN HENNEQUA and his brother JAN CtAASE, who might not leaveFETUY because the AflRAHAMBOUWERS lay so lew near; but

152. 1647.i t the name that they do i t to please us, in order to placeus under an obligation to them. For various considerationswe must let this continue as i f it were true.The King, meanwhile, goes with fire in the one hand andwater in the other. He is very diligent to get both partiesparties to give. He gives us the consolation (but alwaysasking what is best for himself) that he w i l l afford theEnglish no trade; to the rivals (rt'ya^MS**) he gives hopethat they w i l l attain their purpose, but that they mustadvance the business by gifts both to him£ and the Caboeeros.In short, thanks to Almighty God, the English did nothingto the injury of the Company; and after they had lain fora month fruitlessly, the English Factor personally declaredto me that he had not received a pound (pont) of gold, heraised anchor and dropped down again to CORaiANTYN; whichis to be regarded as a great matter fro the Company. Ithas cost the Company about 2 marks gold in merchandise, forpresents. Whether the English w i l l aake another attempthereafter, time w i l l show^ '"" n 11 ""The King of ZABOUW we daily find deals obligingly withusj treats the ACCANISTS to their contentment^,and usesdiligence to draw them to him. The English are daily atvariance with the BRAFFO of FNSifN FANTYN, and great disputesarise as the English seek to steal the goods that theACCANISTS buy from the Interlopers, and to draw them tothem. They base their right upon an Agreement made withthe BRAFFO, who replies that he w i l l not be bound, butkeep his port open for a l l nations who come.

1647. 153.On two several occasions have come to us deputies fresion behalf of the ACCANISTS of CORMANTYN, who consist of 5or 6 principal men (Capitalen), the Caboceros of BRAFFOFANTYN, and Caboceros of CORMANTYN and ANNLwABO, with theurgent request that we would yet once more grant them aship or yacht to occupy their port, begging us very respectfullythat we would forgive our former dissatisfaction,promising that they would show i .'proveraent in future*" andthat i f we would establish a Lodge at ANNEiaABO, permissionwould be freely given a:cording to wish. I replied thatI accepted their coming as friends, but was surprised thatthe making of a Lodge at ANNEmiABO was now-indicated to us,as the BRAFFO had made full promises to place one at ourpleasure, even at CORMANTYN, and that, at"such place aswe deiired. The deputies from FANTYN interrupted thisstatement and saw a chance to be able to persuade theBraffo to the establishment of a Lodge on the sea-sidebetween the village and the English Fort. I' promised toreport this matter to YHH'. 'Whatever resolution YHH are -pleased to .take herein it is necessary to'dispose about it. I*•* • *u,-d maxim,that i ftheê are any goods with us that the English have not gotand they see a w-y of making a profit, they w i l l not buycurrent goods from the English, but/? seek thera from us at t** tt *0, M jMoure and MYNA. . The ACANISTS say generally "If you keep »X> pia similarity of price for selling the goods, ©nd yours areas good as the English, why should we take the trouble togo to CORMANTYN with canoes, which comes expensive?" Itseems a i f they were trifling with us in this, but theycomplain that in former times the Factors did not follow - .YHHs' orders, but without (your) knowledge w^thdrew^the *n&KteAgoods. I declare that in these times I have hot to complainabout i t with this, with regard to the FactorsCoeymans and Joris Hoorenhouek, who occupy'the principalFactories. It is also very satisfactory to the Blacksthat I keep my eye on this eand tell them, in the presenceof the Factors, how many pices of such kind of basins theymay receive per benda; how many knives and beads of eachkind; but I w i l l assure YHH that so many surplus cases willnot be found with these Chief Factors, as formerly; whichought to be reckoned a pest in the trade than profit forthe Company.The trade at CRAA, about which I began to write, appearsto be improving, in the coming do..n of gold, because someof the paths (pocr.en), which have been closed for yearslong, have been opened; but the people of CHEAT ACRAA couldnot asrree, at our request, to let the ACCANISTS, who come

154. 1647.out of those districts (landpalen) travelto the beach, but buy out i f their hands,tend to the great prejudice of the trade,r-whichwouldTOhope,a *ioWeby small presents to the "Commandeur", to attain ourpurpose.The "Aacory", aboutwhich YHH write, which has itsorigin in AQUIMINA, we could with care obtain quite 30¬40 Marks annually, but i t comes so bad, and because ofthe quantity which the Districts (landschappen) can produce,we could hardly get gold bartered for accory at thewindward places. Thes/things are therefore of littleimportance; but to bring the port of CRAA again to 70-80Marks gold annually monthly,, w uld be serviceable to theCompany. The Fiscal/x§Hrtill occupying the Factorshipthere. It seems that the Blacks are reasonably contentedand are on good terms frwaAf

1647. 155.mijns bedunckens eenichsints beclaechelick, want de goederendie hebbe becoomen gaet meest al het volk aen, enieder verclaert d'een 50, d£andere 60 a 100 f sich selfsaen te gaen, 't is oock wel te mercken 't rechte verstantniet hebben, vermits v< rscheyde Ponde couralen teegen 26-27stuyvers in Holland wel sijn te becoomen en neest onwillichgoet en byna geen tyt weeten wanneer vercocht sal raecken.|fAs a warning serves that this rigettresHees riporousnesscommitted by both YHH and us gouId be moderated by increasingthe "monthly ay of those SaJ'IIn ; to Guinea, or otherwiseyou may take it as the trtftn' that 'the Guinea vrta-s (vaerwater)is getting into such decadence tfiat1 am afraid YHHw i l l not be able to get any "esrectable aen on the shirs.It is a pity that the Northern Hollanders—are so grosslyinfected with the dirt of "snesery 1 . Sailors who w i l lbehave as courageous men at sea are desired, but I am confidentthey will a l l desert YHH. It aay be th t with thenext coming ships from Amsterdam and 3 oninren some moremay be caught by us, as the difficulties which overcame the"Cineese" on the Sf Pieter and friyte are not yet known tothem. I trust it. will hereafter entirely die out. 3- The trade Arder trade. ... slaves to St Thome. ...complaints »bout the beads. ... 50 slaves received on theold debt. ... Factor Geerloff's good service. ... what goodsto be sent to Arder. ... presents to th c value of 2-300 guld:should be given to the King of Arder. &c. &c. -- A new boat required for the trade Xp the Coast - andcables.-- Again asks for Factors to relieve the Chief FactarsCoeymans & Hoogenhouck; and for Arent Cock & HuybrechtCageldonck to be sent back to the Coast again.-- Complains about the paper and books; new ones required.Also Fquippage necessities for both luinea sand St Thome.-As regards the yachts, those on the Coast (Fortuyn,Visser,Hyaal, Dolphyn) :an do service for some time yet. - Partsfor sheathing then required. New yachts should be similarto the Dolphyn, v.hich is more servicable th'-n the others.-...

156. 1647.t n.. 4-n -. jiniXsiia "pio. a f J »t r ra-1~ HOD ^V**** ^^ry^Surt p_fri. frm- As to cables required.- Also water easks, 100 "halfledgers" for the slave trade.- Also hopes w i l l not beforgotten to be sent the materials to make new roofs forthe^Church in the Castle MYNA, where the merchandise isstored, and lime, as few shells are to be got at D'MYNA.- As to the 40 boat loads of oyster shells obtained fromPRANGPRANG., ~ t. . A etc . sftvacfoan v eJtlmtsv ,Ratfefetf fcaln- As to St Thome- Therefo-e, as s+ated before, I proceeded from thetCoast on 17th January by the frigate Eendracht, and on the26th ditto in the evening arrived in the roads about agoteling shot frojn the Fort St Sebastaaen. ...(The rest of the letter,jdewaflgyc.w*T* A f>1 relates tot the affairs of St Thome).I beg YHH please to excuse me fro n going further withthis letter 4/ fFT. I refer to the Journal and dare notdetain the ships longer, as each ship is manned with fewmen, and 9-10 s'lek. - He is attacked by fever every night.Herewith, &c,YHH's faithful servant,18th March,Anno 1647,on the (sgd) J . van der Wel.fregate Eendracht,in the roads of theIsland St Thome,off the Fort St Sebastiaen....•Kara./GZSZ^HonbleSirs,Vith grief and sorrow and to our sincere regretwas made known to us by the yacht Dolphyn, which left DELMYNA, on the 5th instant, anchored here before St Thone onthe 17th, the disaster to the ship Groningen, which hasadded s t i l l more to the misery that we see and suffer hereat the Island. It is highly necessary that the ships depart;therefore I dispatch a l l the papers received from DEMYNA, in this form, because there is no time to copy them:and to help in getting the ships under s a i l . The shipperand mate we are also letting go, in order to be heardverbally.I understand from the sub-factor, Elle Haamingh, that YHHdo not intend to send Chief-factors. I do not know forwhat purpose this is being done,as I have previously advised

1647. • 157.YHH that there is no one competent on the Coast to keepthe books but Isaac Coeymans, and i f he comes to diethere is no one to replace him and the books and papersmust "op den tuyn staeck hangen". If it is not YHH'sintention to send any conpetent fellows I heartily desireto obtain my discharge, the sooner the better. -He thereforeasks that what he has asked for may be sent as alsoas soon as possible another ship and goods and victualsto replace that lost.bar j.vfnn bed ouoiisv rfcn-> . . S beneloeCII do not know what yHH's intentions are about the Coastand St Thome, seeing the small number of soldiers who cameby the Zeeland frigate; and now by the ship now lost, not imore than 20 men. Some of the nen who have served here3 - 4 years over their stipulated time I have had to relieve-whose comrades stoutly complain that they are beingwonged and kept by force. By the Council an the Coasthas been sent me a remittance of 280 Marks gold in thehopes that it can be remitted by these ships; half of whichhas been given each to the frigate Eendracht and St Pieter,as appears from the b i l l of lading. Herewith &c,YHHs 4 -afflicted servant,(sgd) J . van der Wel.W m\\\\\\\\\\Original Letter from Is"-..ac"Coymans to Dir,9eh van der Wel,at St ThomeJ (Elmina) 5 March 1647. (WIC.oc.ll)-.r ari tr noi ' t A i^^Y/jr^T^S ITT f*\ \ * " ^^l VRHonoured"Valiant Wise Prudent VeryDiscreet Sirs'.Sir^With great regret we have to repOrtâ v"ery heavy disasteroccurred here on 28th February. After we saw aasail in the morning about 9 o'clock far out at sea, wefound good that the Baas should proceed thither, which wasdone with a l l speed. I advised him to let no leople comeon shore i f i t was a new ship, in order to prevent allprivate trade, but that he should art, once let me know thesituation by his c*noe. - About 11 o'clock I saw a shotfired, whereupon in a l l haste sent a canoe both to Moureand Cra, in orêr to let the friends know of the arrivalof the ship.About 1 o'clock appeared Elle Hamming, by the Baas'scanoe, who told me the ship was "Nieuw Groeningen", witha good coat cargo, provided with everything; whivh wassatisfactory to us, Itttie thinking of such an anxietyas the Allgiver has added to us. Aft^r I had had Casparand Van Herd called to go on board with me, I saw t u e ship

(MM158. 1647.was almost in the roadstead, upon which I proceeded down/ below. Coming to the

1647. 159.The friends have taken excellent care for the supervision,and now everything lost and we have to expect no ship for7-8 months. It is a sober matter Aand mostly for the Company,it seems that God Almighty punishes the Masters remarkably.The merchandise salved so far is according to the accompanyinglist, most of which was taken from the Blacks whom wehad sen! for the saving of the crew, which it seems driftedat the exlosion. When the canoes came in again I went tothe beach where I kept as close a supervision with soldiersas I could, and as some rascals remained out, they keptwatch; at night. According to the statement of the sentriesthe Cormantyn Blacks had concealed some sayes in their housesI proceeded thither and occupied their dwellings but couldnot find any. I have placed the aforenamed Smit and Arjaenin the powder room. As soon as the yacht shall have departedI shall jroceed with the matter to the best of my ability.In my opinion it would not be a bad thing i f the rascals wereforbidden the village as theyaare not worthy to feese occupysuch places as they do no trade with the Comapny but seek todeceive it in every way.ic'i lidr. . ' i p^Bfta-WMPBB j ~pWBMB>We w i l l ee resort to a l l rossible means to maintain theJompanySs goods according to oath 'nd duty. The weaknessana many cases of sickness among the men causes me no littleembarrassment. To "send relief to St Thome from these men,who consist i f 12 is not possible as ,.e need them here. AtFort Nassouw they are very weak and have to keep watch allnight. Here we have had to reduce the watch on the FrenchBattery as only nine men had been sent.'//////////////////////'Ar ^Hl^V I'^^LmmmW flpWe have thought good by this opportunity to send a l l suchgold as we had on hand, consisting in Mk.280. The returnsof the Haerlem remained i n Brasil so that the Company ismuch in want of money, and at first we shall now be able tomake no returns.'f K^RV ô'*lo "9t'^~*< - ti.tK>V^'" J j, < II ~" 5Lv$i => y*-^-*"*^ o r 'c nThe sailors "nd soldiers who have appeared now and then,naked as they were born (fourteen were drowned), which hascaused us to give them some money for the necessities oflife. Most of the crew of the yacht Dolphyn are s t i l llying sick.Now that the Baas "nd the skipper have come to themselvesagain and we ave learnt everything, I understand that someof the crew of the ship took to the boats too soon and theBaas andpthe skipper had nearly been burnt. The names ofthose/toôe employed as soldiers at the Island are in theMemorandum. Most of the men are going herewith whom YHcan employ at the Island. Two carpenters and 5 sailors we

160] 1647.we have kept here as men are necessary to man the largeboat which has to sail daily to the wreck to see i f anythingcan be obtained. Cases or casks i t is not possibleto fetch. Sometimes a p^Lce of saye or lywaet comes up sothat the cases must a l l be broken. We have a watch kepton the wreck at night. We had the yawht Dolphyn come upas soon as the disaster occurred, and now, by its departur e , the Chalopp. We have fished up three casks butter.The slaves and some Whites are at present keeping watchalong the beach to obtain something. The ships largeboat had stranded at the river.slttnez 3d.t to nro^stpfa »ttt ot ttfrtbtoooA .j-ri^ln |fc**wAs regards the trade i t is s t i l l going badly. In themonth of January we received Mk. 205, and now for Februarywe shall not see so much. We sell little lywaet. TheEnglish continue at present at 135 a , who receive muchgold according to the advice we hear both from Mr Hoogenhoeckand daily from the Blacks. We shall now bring thesame to 4 engels as it goes hard and at first we have toexrect no relief. On the 28th February, din the morning,the English ship departed and, as we have understood fromvarious of the English who have passed, there is a ship forthem in Serlyoens that might come any day "now. We shallble to do him little hindrance as are wings/li> e now ah^r^t.The chaloup appeared from St Thome on 25th January,whereit had left 50 staves iron without however bringing a receipthere, which YH w i l l have to -require.The (?) "Boewen" with lime has been burnt and somewould have been sent but we have not been able to bring ittogether thro 1 shortness of time*On 3rd Feby Albert Smient appeared here without coming toanchor on this Coast but departed to Calbarie,and as we thenhad no opportunity to catch him & as we afterwards heard hehas no Commission he could well be found by one of our yachts.Mr van Groeningen we have found good to keep here as MrAndries is weak and to send one from Fort Nassouw for theIsland. We send herewith 5 of the man,and one who has brokenhis leg as you wan see from the accompanying l i s t .Isaac Jasperse & the young Pieter Geerloffs both lie sickso that we need everything. Thro shortness of time we concludeand refer to the accompanying journal.May God Almighty defend us further and let YHH appear ageia,i n whose protection,after greetings we commed you & remain"always YHH's faithful servant5 March 1647. (sgd) Isaac Coymans.

1647. 161.Original Letter from L.(?) Valckraven,(apparently) to theXIX. WIC.. (WIC.oc.ll) Elmina. 5th March 1647." o!Honoured, Valiant,Wise, Prudent, VeryDiscreet Sir(s).-Sir(s)I cnnot neglect by this opportunity to advise youof the sad misfortune that befell us on 28th February 1647.In the afternoon apr eared here in the roads the ship NieuwGroningen fpem-GevapeH-(?) sailed from that Chamber on 24thDecember, and after having fired the proper shots, with thelast one a half-cartouw burst.; whereby at once such afearful fire at once came that the crew could scarcely besaved, for of 70 persons only 50 escaped, who were broughtashore quite naked and nearly dead. So has the beautifulsunshine brought us to great misery, to the great damage &injury of the Company, and the versterking of our pastyt.It-arrears that the Lord God sijn eigen gans afwentSirs, we are here in a miserable state has the great mortalityhas continued for a long timp, whereby we are so weakenedthat the factories cannot be occupied, of which somehave had to be abandoned, which has already been made knownto you. We wre here a l l the more surprised that people arenot sent to us in order to trade, as also jroj.er cargoes.For our rivals (

162. 1647. .. j. f,,r j T--f."j.-T£s) rt "£•">{ "IrV (*0 i B'G* T 1 " a t t % J -X f-Tti T i'lOme very much that I have received no answer to a l l ray .letters; therefore I do not intend to refer to it any raoreonly I was compelled to let you know of the sad disasterand the need which w i l l yet befall us in the bad time.Forhere there are no foodstuffs for the Country. The yachtswhich7inow come out of the Bight must remain lying by thro'lack of victuals. This yacht Dolphyn, which is going todayto St Thome (in order to deliver the le*ters to theship Eendracht, and also to report to the Seneral who isat the Island a l l that has happened), has. taken a l l victualsfrom the Land with it, and is not to be victualled forlonger than 14 weeks; whereby no yachts can be fitted-out.At St Thome it isa.Lso^ so, situated. In short, weaknesseverywhere.YHH, I have many times written about the English, ourrivals (partyen) here, so, that als mij in- ;de pen laet and'the shortness of time, niet lijden mag op-dese gelenthei*gelegenheyt te vermeynen. Night and day we have no rest,so take this short report in-geed-part- from YHH's servantin goof part, and I refer to the foregoing advise whichmay have gone oyer Holland, as I have understood with regretthat the ship Zeeland has gebleven. May God Almighty ...guard the Hon Lords and Masters from a l l disasters . andkeep tham in good health ...YHH's humbleAt the Castle Del servant, L(?) Valckraven.Myna 5 March Ao 1647.1647.Also it has been found good to send down the gold inthe factory by the yacht Dolphyn to St Thome in order tobe shipped there. From here 180 Mk. Moure (?) 140-150.Do not know what Mr Hoogenhouck w i l l bring down., - * % TA Btts .t d-1 •' *>«^£*jl l rU 'T? 1^ ^3»-iTfqofr. s'i 'as n^rfqlod 'j h u 8 I Pn'•{... J. >•'•• J e n j-.jifi" pateai-is sxiivc.i arts ?Mr I rfoidw8 • ,euo . rf p III i t oB h tala4 ! e^rfiaÔriginal Letter, HENDRICK CAARiOF (to the XIX)(WIC.oc.ll). Mina 5th March 1647.Horid,Hon . d Worshipful,Wise Prudent,Very Discreet Sirs.Sirs,Through*: the arrival here, .on this Coast of ThilemanWilckens I was obliged to close ray former, for frastarting tothe windward Coast I thought to find him s t i l l at CAPEAPOLONIA in order to prevent his trade as much as possible;but caught him ab-ut 12 miles i>mi«jlen) above Del Myna,

1647. 163.having a Fluyt named the Young Prince of Denmark, 140 tons(last), 14 guns. 36 eaters, nearly a l l of them Water.landers.Besides which he had a small boat to trade Rio Calbary,fromwhere he said he would bring slaves over to the CaribischeIslands. He showed me his Commission,written in high Germanand signed by the King of Denmark, in which he was giventhe tit/le of citizen and inhabitant of the city ofSlu- Luck's tad t (sic, Gluckstadt*) ; and as he had no Coastcargo he passed this Coast so far from the shore that noone had been on board him at Del Myna.As also in the absence of the General and my absencefrom Del Myna, on the arrival of a new ship from home,theCompany servants having .their hands free could easily dotheir private trade, I had already proceeded to Axem, toattend to the new; ships in order to prevent this; buttf thedeath of the sub-factor at CRAA nade me return the-e, andas there is no one elsewhere on this Coast to Spare, competentto "expedieren" this Factory, I ordered the factorat Axem, on the arrival of a new ship, to leave some goodsin the hands of his —bijleg?oi»"Xin order to be able to a***fc»taccomodate the few traders in his absence, to. proceed furtherby the same ship to Del Myna, and thence by canoe toCRAA, there to f i l l the sub-factor's place in my absenceuntil I being having made due examination of the expectedship, each could return to his anointed place.Accordingly the said Factor on 2nd March wame to relieveme at CRAA. But alas J,,the news that I heartily desiredhopin" to get joy from, i t was changed into great consternationand overwhelming sorrow. For that Factor reportedto me that the ship Groeningen, having anchored on the lastday of February before Del Myna, wished to fire 5 saluteshots, as/ is customary, had caught fire from the lastcannon, which had burst. thereupon proceeding at once toDel Myna it was reported' to me on arrival there that 4cannon had already been fired, the fifth and last had burstthrowing the shot 'nto the Constable's (gunner's) room.The hatch(luyck) of the orlop (overloop) flew overboard; butthe worst of all'was that the blow(slagh) took its chiefforce downwards,breaking the- orlop in pieces which fell intothe hold where it made a fearful fire. And as the burstingof one gun could not wasily cause such a fire, in my o j i n i o n ,it arose because apparently (as the "aaats"! often conceal ^their liquor between the guns and gun carriages) some anchorsof it'had lain about there, had spouted into the gunner'sroom where the gun ie breaking as also Ln the hold, wherethe gun (e^wk) broke some large casks of liquor belongingto the Company lying thereabouts. The descending fireprogressing so strongly caused the crew, through sheeramazement to get into perplexity. For such combustion

164. 1647.dappere rappicheyt van dempen en loschen vereischende,_some, to save their lives, went off by boat and"schuyt,whereby the others, seeing themselves past help throughthe fire getting the upper hand, each worked for his ownlife om een goet heen coomen sagen. Nevertheless, 11seamen and eight soldiers perished i n fire and water,whichnumber would have been greater i f the Factor Coymans had netnot quickly sent out some canoes for salvage. Neitherletters nor papers from YHH or anyone were saved. In theblowing up of the ship some goods flew up and got into" "thehands of the Blacks, part of which has been taken fromthem, and some fished up by dredging, which we shall continueto do; amounting to what YHH can see from the accompanyinglists. I also suspect that as the same cannon hadalready shortly before been fired a short distance fresaabove Del Myna, as a signal that i t came from home, i t hadthen been overloaded through carelessness. And as theskipper is comirtg over personally, I refer further to hisown report..Since the departure of the General to St Thome, about12 Fnglish and French slavers have passed this Coast. Among4 others was a "dogboot" with 4 guns, on which the Captainwas one Albert Smynt, having previously served the Companyas skipper as he himself admitted; that although he hadbeen chartered from Amsterdam to the '.Vest Indies he hadnevertheless been obliged to run into the Serralions becauseof a leak, daaruit setten(?) sijn yacht was geborstento the rerair of which a certain Frenchman had helped himwho rechartering (herhuurendeJ him and having provided himwith some merchandise he had given him a copy of his commissionin order to trade slaves for him in Rio' Calbary &to bring them over to the '.Vest Indies. Altho' now thishis own confession, i f true,could not make him free(besideswhich i t appears to be untrue) it was reported by oneSymon Mol of Amsterdam that he had helped him to repair,buttwithstanding the afsd Smient was certainly "onvrij". Thesa/Mol also had a party of Neth. seaman but his Commissionwas French,had some Jewish merchants on board to whom theship & goods belonged who also had a letter of reprisal onthe Crown of Denmark which they showed. They were.very anxiousto attack the afsd Thylman Wilckens. And as we had novessel ready to pursue the sd Smient,as the yacht Dolphynby which this goes to St Thome,lay in the river gehiel haalt,I have advised the General at St T. of this not doubting he\ U w i l 1 have him waarnemen by the Bight traders atâf ^Lofez/.-They have decided in Council to send Mk 280 gold by Dolphynto St Thome. - / Herewith &c/ YHH's humble servant,(sgd) Hendrick CAARLOF.Mina the 5th March 1647.

HP **fi L 1cUftrin* v*u.d. k*^ tftrtK. ^ puXU^> to CM> ^COV anGxbo Con.f>, u^-cA. /J feu. oAAcuHgêt uuH

•1647. 165."Copie" Letter from Hendrick CAARLOF to the XIX. (".'IC)(WIC.oc.ll) Atchyn 3rd July 1647.Hon,Hond, Wise, Prudent,Very Discreet Sirs,Sirs,My last were by the ships Vere, Regenboge, Eendracht ofZeeland & St Pieter of Rotterdam, all which i hope w i l l havearrived home safely as well as, on the contrary, to learn thesad news of the severe loss of the ship Groeningen, of whichwe have made not a little the bitter fruits, and s t i l l dailymust try them, seeing that this disaster serves the Englishas «lepieae stuff fof their glorious advancement of theiractions against the Company.L For the Blacks already since then, see king ^heir?prcfit J?"**without any regard to honour, is bij die van FUTUN neermaels *onderlegt haer mes.aan beyde de si^den U te. doen snyden mits "de Engelsen aen CABO CORS te tree Ken cat steeds net een a-oede -schenkagie moeten afgeraaakt worden, SUICKS het bij haar als ^ » « »een gewisse tribuyt gehouden, wanneer si^ de saeck ter hant %rf*genomen ende dcwijl die van FUTYN in seker.. oorloge wat ten ^ r-^*achteên yeraeckt zijn, is by den meea.te (sic ...< . ter?) van JJ**r de voorn-. "Flû~^SCHE^^J(l^"^^gena«>iflt, het we Ike .iet de Eng- "Tk£^*jT*else and-.rmael hervat, vaorgevence bij ons- gafegi gerief vanKoopnanschappen te hebben, daer nochthans sijn meeste insicht*3f>*»1 om -de Corape een goede somme uit de beurse te kloppen, ''twelck ••bij dese- sobe *e tyden soo niet mach vlotten, hebben de- JbJ*Swarten, bij mancqueraent van dien een Logie voor de Engelsea JLaan CABO CORS gericht, alwelcke ondertusschen net een yachtvoor die poort liggende te handelen gelijk voor desenmeermaels gedden.gedaen.j'Bii^t* adJ" 'PO.T' n o f"rJ2|| 3.t 9c-t HHY .tjvovr |fi£Li^^" Lf'-d -»s :Ic - *** rtr 4 >tn; rThe General sent me thither to make protest to the Englishom dies va.ls, but as understood that the Factor Mir'dleton(who represents their Opperhoofd) would himself appear atde Mina, I left-it-te let it rest at the General's verbaldiscussion, when the saae Factor excused himself that hehad been called by the FUTUSCnE Blacks, gaf hem net eenweerloos, soo wanneer wij tot AiÊÂBO, bij UORWiNTMN intelijke forme daer souden, Doch dewyl sij geene bijsondereACCANISTEN kooplieden aldaer vernamen (gemerckt wij hun alsdoen in koopmanschappen overtroffen en sich die selve steeeSflsteets in de grootste wynckel laten vinden) gelieten sichnaderhant geen handt aen dat werk te slaen, maer 'Teenemaeldaer uit te scheyden. But at the end of *«ay, receiving noXIX.

166. 1647.new ship, berhertigden de saeck & versagen de Logie meteenige Cargasoenen, zynde van meeninge om haar yacht, voordesen aldaer gelegen, nae Rio de Benyn te zenden om hetretour van haren legger aftehalen.']!It is now reported to us for certain that by the afnmdEnglish a coarse and schrikelijk work has been presumed uponthat they have requested the King of SABBOU to afloojen hen |tUâthe Pert and to sell to them the Fort Nassau atttoure, as itis provided with a sobe£ garrison-

1647.- j j ^leave it free to the inhabitants, the General thereforewished that they should pay a t o l l of 5 stuyvers for eachcloth, in which they not only remained in default, butwished never more to appear within the Fort, according toold custom; establishing their own magistracy(magistraat)and when i t seemed good to them, forbade foodstuffs to besold to our men, with many otherêxorbitantien moor .die to«*./WTrier rlrrfrlr MB ntwi 1 hnn nmnriat V.hen, now, the General *e> which they, would notîTr-oo (vcT-ntaen - )notwithstanding the sufficient promises that no evil wouldbe-done to them: whereby HHv/jeopopot after 3 days patience, "^LftUtJset fire to their village. Qj\Over sulks sij haer woonplaatse *mJb*in't bos genonen latende sich vorenstaen mi'ts 't Fort maar6 man beset was, 'tselve wilden stormender handt veroveren;therefore it was reinforced with 12 others more."]Meantime they cast their eyes upon the goods of ^ymin^'^7the Molaten Tymon(?) iatimer, plundered him. of everythingand illtreated him very shamefully. And althou gh theGeneral several times offered them peace, th>y nevertheless O < 4in view of our ainall force, remain^ oostinate &t>ut do not ,M u"doubt that they w i l l in time vernieuwet en tot behoorlijke yÂu^gehoorzaamheit van de Compe werden herstelt, wbepefey ujoncondition that the QUAQUA trade may remain entirely to 1 ^ *fcthe Company, whe'-eby the expenses of this place w i l l thenbe able to be gestueret(?) . — i * - * - - " 1Through the coming of the Factor van Groeningen we havegot opportunity to supply the Factory of CRAA, seeing thatthe same is in a very good—state,—as also the King there'has forbidden his subjects to trade with tfny Tn^lishmenlying there before the port. And as ATCHYN is the firstplace of the Gold Coast where the ships ajpear, it hastherefore been found good /as suitable to my Qheyg-icâs ^lsofor carrying out the matters with the rebellious-Blacks,for me henceforth to eaty stay there, r nd to bring intotrain what is most servicable for the Com] -ny. WhereforeYHH will please to give express orders to the coming shipsto ;ut into the roads of ATuiiui, so that I can go downwith the same. Further I refer to the letter from theGeneral. (Note. None for July ou Tcr^/TTH " "Herewith AcYour obedient servant(sgd) Hendrick CAARLOF.Actum Atchyn, the 3 July 1647.Jut. ajl4,duA\CA. ICl tie. CO , UÛLUM^ LLC 7 "fa

168. K 4 7 .Instruction acc.rding to which ChiefFactor Isack Coymans v.ill have to act.(Copy in WIC.oc.ll) 9 July 1647.XWifatrnr- n*o ff-iffl rni d^.ildfit?,^ jir.otatf*PVEo1.From here you w i l l travel by canoe to ANNEMABO and overland to CORMANTYN and further to FANTYN, in order there toSTeak with the BRAFFO and Caboseros in manner as follows:rftlw jfeasqa oj TVTC rr j t"&ffl *rif rrf r i d. of s»Eor OS bonoffirrtraHaving greeted the Braffo and Caboseros in my name,/vareijnt TIE begin von-Rodon bij de hand te namen, that nmore than a year ago now the 3r< Bfaffo ' sent his deputies to usfor the first time after we haeT'abandoned the port CORMANTYN with the request that on my assumption of the governmentthjey sought to mediate the displeasure we might have takenagainst him, as Mr Ruyghaver had had the Company's ship oryacht taken away from there; with the offer that- i f we wouldestablish a Lodge either, at CORJJANTYN or ANNEUJABO, that hegave us f u l l consent thereto. This request and offer wasnot made oh-one occasion, but several times£waar voor hemhadden te bedancken te meer om dat sijn behulp en voortganckufiM**-fis soo raidelick presenteerde sonder eenige costen te lyden.lLeo* -!1You should remind T vu uinwuLi) the Braffo and Caboserosfor what reason we have so long abandoned the port CORMANTYN namely, because we saw that we must continually keepa costly ship or yacht there and were shut cut from thereceipt of gold because the Bnqlioh whenever any gonogo{?)traders came on board our vessel and had bought goods,thesewere panyarred by the slaves of. the English and declaredforfeited, because they had been on board our vessel totrade; which indeed was contrary to a l l right and reasonas the BRAFFO had entered into alliance not only with theEnglish but, Ion? before, with the-Company; and althoughwe had many times complained about i t to the Braffo, theEnglish were never properly forbidden to do this. Forthis peasen and other reasons our vessel was removed fromthere because we had to incur great expense and the rivals(party) got îuuk dûi -mmL) the goieV-4.7/hich previously committed abuses \.you can say) we w i l lgladly forget i f proper redress is done therein, and relyuPjOn^the Braffo eidn- accepting again his elder wife/and' a*m. a w** -4a-te J yuit£rW

1647. 169.5.In case the Braffo and Caboseros promise that they w i l larrange according to this, you must put before them thatwe are disposed to make a lodge at Annemabo. with so much.,space (plaats) 'around j + ^ n HeyninTh(?)J U H C B - bt .TJIpan, but the house of the merchandise not made *in the mannerof the Blacks, but of stone, in form as atCRAA, or as we shall think best, in' order to be free fromfire._ «fy©Y_«jabffifi ol TJbno ni .XllJc - ' iBut we w i l l not incur any other expenses than what theBraffo has previously received on the coming of new ships,which amounts to about 1 mark gold both for FANTYN CORMANTYN ACONISTEN ANNAMABO Caboseros; and they w i l l have todemand only 2 engels monthly ^cn the Captain.It w i l l easily appear to you that the Braffo and Caboserosw i l l ask for special presents for the consent to themrking of the Lodge,,in which you will r o no further thanto I'FI^SS&^p , the Braffo" anTJ 'the'iCaboctros, each v.ith onebenda -eld, ,vith further promises tl n the iôdge iscompleted the Jc L] any w i l l present the Bp/affo and Caboseros,each with .3 bendas gold; and besides the aforesaid^.. 1ânchors liquor t

170. 1647.is completed, for the fulfillment of the promises. Afterarranging this, you w i l l proceed back to CORMANTYN; butI consider i t would not be unservicable i f you could get. — — - - ^11. #You must expect that the ''Ministers" of the EnglishCompany w i l l not stand s t i l l , in order to hisser-yearprevent your intentions; and more&ver to make Protest inthe English,Spanish or Latin language, to which you mustreply that you do not understand their writing. If thenthey come to you verbally on board, you must reply not otherwisethan that Mr Middelton who is, or has assumed to be, sp

1647. 171.at, and i f time allows, a l l merchandise to be taken offfrom there, the greater part of which consists in Lywaet,and carefully to examine Jan lelendouck's remainder, thati t agrees with his last return.•>a. a * • vnc r.. a : iw,L oJ rf.a,': ••: t"n ?•'*-> qrf t- it - r hlo.We know that this instruction cannot be strictly foilmake^ e ^ o ^ ^ ^ * ^ * " * ^ T O ^ ,A d f Ith^Juxt^^f. W S ^ c * v # o §w • . - - 1 '—• •**** ill(copy) Report nade to General Jacob van1 , der Wel regarding ay experiences bothat FANTYN and CURnANTYN.Jo, > t V , J Viri I 1 J • t»After I had received YH's instructions I proceeded to r „Jb 'ANNEMABO, from where I arrived at COR^lYN on the 10th *instant in the morning. I put before the ACu .XoiEN andinhabitants thera that I had been sent by YH in order tolearn in what manner they would be willing to > ; nter intoan Agreement with.the Coajany for the makinr of a Lodge.Hereupon a meeting was held by'them at which I apjeared.They told me it was satisfactary to them that the General ^ i. ,wished to enter into an "alliance" with them, and tomorrowthe AC0NI3TEN would go along with me to FANTYN in order UAJSIto speak further with the BRAEFO. Meantime apj eared the iXJ^jHChief (Opperhoofd) of the English who had the Caboseros S l V,'sttd ACONISTS asked what their meaning war to conclude with r,..>- * 'us. They replied that the Brafft>~had had us (deselve)called, and now (we) appeared in order to make a Lodge intheir country. Hereupon the English proceeded to FANTYN.On the 11th in the morning, I departed,along with a l lthe ACONISTS and some principal nen of CORMANTYN, to theBraffo, whce we arrived ebent towards midday.. Havinggreeted him he excused himself that the day had advancedtoo far to speak with each other, but that tomorrow earlyat day break we should take the matter in hand. MeantimeI understood that the Factor of the English was seeking,with presents, to hinder the Braffo's intention. Havinggreeted the Caboceros and principal inhabitants, presentsof foodstuffs were received from them according to thecustom of the country. They appear to be greatly dteêdisposed to draw their old profits from the Comjany.

179. 1647.On the 12th at daybreak we, together with the a l l theACONISTS appeared before the Braffo where he was seatedwith his Caboseros. Having greeted each other, he saidhe would not make a. beginning with me before the Englishhad also appeared, as he said he had heard from them thathe ha^1 sold his country to them; and so that we might beassured that he did not wish to deal with us i n any falsemanner, he would let the English come and ask them howmuch they had given for the country. Meantime steldenr A. hij den Capyteyn der ACGNISTEN als and ere Tresent wesendeAo> II «

1647.*773.were panyarrea ~ oyc*h was hAvnnA all r»i^rV»"te English and theout the Company havi , , ^j&j&&&axn d ** Md •^ • t i ^ w M W ^ i B M B r i i i •liar r>— — tffififtTThe Braffo aaid that.he w" lappy^q^T- Sjj hetsher? tot Cormantyntimnr-p-n hbbg leeg (berg' ?>s i ^ n be 1 i even,,!, ^He^jsr^v . e acnêstt*ken in h^^.' :, at once «e% so tis-no opportunity (-role gohthcit)and It is notof th* o'5.J% naar d'Heer Generals•tfrflfr"'tat they might not be-on the h i l l at CORMANTYIM,Jhrist,ian iot,.ô.^tes that theise of the otheri' The AC(- fid! l ah abifant it Cwni/i/.ivltfN v^ry earnestlyrequestedfmight not bevlk^kiS^^-La3 iV.iwaajrauch^too far frombetween both, whicn "is "na-ned AYA, "wruch has" a'much"moreaonvenient po^t tban ..Cor T ntyq, and when they cannot embarkfrom'there, they go' thither. " J nave been to inspect thesame, ^nd in my opinion it can qe ;sstiftfactary, -'nd will .be very "pleasing to the inhabitants. Various ACGNIbTS say+ hey will take up their.residence there,, especially T*xioai i W M F l C m m * MI1 1rMrarW put b f'ore the ^raffo of FAr.TYN and ACuNISTS' andCORMANTYN Caboc eros that the intention of the ieneral isnot *to rtve manv y special presents, but only C bendas of goldto the Braffo a nr his J "oseros^j^hcn. the ôcige shall be1pfeTeo^lWf'tHe nV'6n"the arrival of the new ships, receive«-such -iej ( ' e Atr 1 t) W a s was do tie • forme-•• ly.to HMOWe have rive n the .-. -affo. and Caboseros the d bendas m M ynotwithsta-ndin? we Tfaving not been ~ble to "o "ee9f» entirelyaccording to in struction, but doeverything as cheaply(civi1,as practicable for the"Co.nrany s profit,1 properly tookleave of the pethe ACONTST/TAMSy "5arrears to be wellm P ave notit particularly of- "'le future if he apwhose frUtecTion 1and re nain,hr -IfJul;-';

178. 1647.Bv summons form the General Jacobi ^ i l W K i i i i"it-ing that they haveilH1>rbeiiWB»-*»rovi.d'sd withmerchandise, he shall beg-In to trade-t,tt**»aj- •*Jt* >*«*fiO*&«>*fctJ. And as an Assistant is also necessary at AALM, we haveservice of t rie ,8d^^yp4*BBna;*dtHle' and' -a«^4^^«>%»jftft#jumeeting of the Ganeral and Councillors at t -tl^s^MINAthfe.i?*,h 28th fi»fitirwii •». Atcafa,y ft« J ^ V Q O ^ . M ^ V C e . . . . fiBoCfcCB wOogasa&O

1647. 179.(Copy) Letter from Hendrick CAARLOF, Fiscal, to the XIX.Casteel del Myna. 26 September 1647.(wic.oc.ll)CEhi.i IULLLI in not marked ar a oopy; but tho handwritingdiffn** fiu.u that ef blu. I U L U U uf L Lh I'wvlt, IfT 47, whichi'i ill M 1j nn niriijinil hermirn nf tlin brnriin ri.nl VHonourable, Honoured, Worshipful,Wise, Prudent, Very Discreet Sirs,Sirs. With the approval of the General and Counciliep-s-I stayed for some time at AXEM in order to bring the Blacks,who (%ftT»eagh at the istlgatiea instigation of the English)were making th-rise Ives very rebellious against us, againto the devotion of the Company: and as, through the distanceaway,as the occasion of the disjutes which 1 ad already f«fburst out into f u l l war, I was badly situated to be ableto send letters to del Myna, I had already desjatched myprevious of the 3rd ûly last by %h*aship this ship "'tHuysvan Nassauw" , seeing that^ I ^ i d jjpt know, better than that 1the same would then sail to St Thome and froia there at once I***hasten home with a sugar freight. ^ M ^ I HBut since the English, at the desire of the FUTU Kingand his subj f ctsât-CABCi-^'wRS, had established their Lodgeat CABO CORS, beside ours, we resolved, in recompensetherefor* at the entreaties for long years of the Braffo flof FANTYN,. also to erect a L^dge at J}I*iA (a ha lf mile |>e Seneral had therefore detained the aforenamedship t i l l 27 August in order to brin^ the necessarytimber thither, when she sailed from here to.the aforenamedIsland with orders to' verbeydtn the previous lettersto YHH. Now, es-the because of the visit of the ship'tHoft van Zeelandt, despatched to AXEM, is again about todepart, I have kept this back in order that it may-beposted a second time by the yacht Vissep de Visscher(which is destined to go thither).- r.. .. • ii^TT-ir " '¬That the" Louge at AEIvA aforenamed which is alreadyas^'*6*dn*''bs co .pIetea; nas been established, the- Companyw i l l profit not a little, for although formerly a "leg'er"ship lay there before the port, not only did the costsrun high, but also the traders mostly avoided the canoe,hire (loon) and the danger -aa^r aiaknocs (?)- of feke _ uas it happened that they often lost their goods in thewater, and. sometimes were not able to get on board oncefor a period of 14 days; about which they_, for a trifle,X I XI

180. 1647.preferred to go to the English than to undergo the aforenamed;which inconveniences have hereby been remedied.Now therefore we can bravely spy out the English and,, bycontinually prying into their state, a l l the better regulateourselves i n the market (mart). The ACONISTS havealso arranged (perfecte reductie gemaeckt) that atCORMANTYN one half of the gold shall be spent with theCompany and the other half with the English. Over thisthere appears a good opportunity of causing distress tothe English i f we do not lack merchandise too much (whichhas been the case for some time past).Over the making of this Lodge the English have verballyprotested to us but£""gaven sich seer los"3since, the GenericiSimutStt a l D e i n g a t CORMANTYN, the ACANISTS themselves gave themto understand that we had been for a long time requestedto come there^ an wo-H. as they had been to CABO CORS.,. They bave alsof'veele weers gedaen bij"Jthe BRAFFO at« >1 F A N T Y W Q30iM^^mi^

in't Casteel MYNA, met (niet?) bedwingen gelijck den BRAFFO 0.van FANTYN haer in sijn gewelt heboende, hun de regalemate vanei^nw- sian wille voorschrift dat sij dan achtervolgenmoeten. Soo stont dan wel afftemeeten dat naer verloopCa fvu**£ M«m v ^tKi«FiLtymni:l'K K» «J«. ^Ko-^td. do dLs

182. 1647.of the English;.but asjno Blaqks can write, nor are W .^j^sYris to ê got, the Gettfc-al 'a-Mand tlttsT im^fert-lwe**t K ^ ^ ~ * - r &.With the assistance of the English, the Blacks at AXEMhave made much work for me, and- wbuld> not have come toan arrangement unless^ ,1, obserbing their rescalities, Ofthad drawn' on our side a certttn -inlands-nation n a ^ e f c ^ ***ENCASSER,, who, got tnenrfco come .to an agreement; nevertheless,they would not qtftt the QUAQUA trade,"gelaet ' •••toonende off" they would haer bestecken in the bush(bosch),as for fear of being captured they would have retreated 'further inland into the bush, .unless the aforenamedENCASSERS had not remained with three *; (sic) to drivec :them out of the bush to the beach; and as they were surrounded(beset) by enemies on the land side and on the -v?beach, they consented to an Accord, by which it was stipulatedfor the Company that they should new as vassals andnow faithful subjects shall place themselves under thejurisdiction and authority (gebiet) of the Fort; and thatthe QUAQUA trade shall bow entirely remain wi*h to theCompany without them trading thither with their canoes.Alone are they at liberty,---when the a^JAQUAS come down inFebruary, then, like other free Blacks, to be allowed tobuy some cloths for their own behoof. Upon which fourvgood hostages were received both from the ENfiASSERS andthe ACHYNSES; so that I do not doubt-that the expenseswhich have thus long fallen without profit for the Company,w i l l thereby be able to be "gestuwet"(?).On the 2nd August arrived here on the Coast, under Frenchflag, a certain Fluyt, named Fortuyn, 70 lasten, 10-11eaters, and laden with Coast cargo, the skipper of whichwas Jan Maertensen van of Oldersura, and as she had,manyamong others, some Waterlanders on board, we guessed nototherwise than thet she had been equipped hither by Hollandshippers; and as she lay trading before CABO CORS we wentthither by the yacht Dolphyn, that was destined to Angolato bring thither, by way of St Thome, the remaining goodsout of 'tHuys van Nassau, to examine this ship en passant,whether indeed his Commission, written in French, showed i thad been signed by the His Majesty hi iself, as a citizen,and the "Sea Pass" granted to him from the City of Dunkirk,in order to be allowed to trade on this Coast. So we examinedhis chest(kist) also, but found nothing else than aCertificate in which a l l his seamen named had appeared beforethe Magistrate at Dunkirk and declared they were willing tos a i l hither with the said Jan Martensen; also of hisrecipisse van de recherge dat (sic) that his merchandise

1647. 183.had been inladen at Amsterdam. Also saw his traded goldconsisting in about 115 Marks, among which 25 Marks inrings of which there was a? much silver as gold. He hadalso a good quantity of elephants' tusks. A l l which, beingreported to the General, he judged we could make no claimto him.The ship 'JHooft van Zeeland arrived safely on the 6thSeptember before AXEM, and after peace had been enteredinto with the Blacks, as stated before, (we) set sail fromthere and came on the 11th ditto before Del Myna. I havein examining it done my duty in such a way as could berequired, but found nothing else than what had already beencaught by the Directors in Zeeland; and assure YHH thatthere was neting nothing private in the same. '.Ve hadcertainly wished that there had been somewhat more cargo,since in 14days time we already had to sit bare andprofitless.L I have several times remonstrated to the General and also 'to YHH that the Portuguese Governor, Laureyns Pires, comingfrom Portugal to St Thome 5 years ago, stelde the sameIsland in revolt, and i t was said that he had nade promisesto restore it under the Crown of Portugal, gelijk het ookde Compe met schaade smaeckte, dan coste het doen.aaels nietuitvoeren, dewijl dat het Eyland mette't secours van deCommandant Mulder ten deele aen de Compe wierde verseckert.Doch quaemen met.de Portuguesen tot accoort, by welckeconditien dierselve 't geheele iândt met de groote Schants,die de onse niet en coste vermeesteren,voor haer bedongen.Nu, alsoo daer over naer sommiger meeninge in disgratievan den Conninck geraeckte gemerckt hij 't contract met. denConninck ?emaeckt niet coste voldoen, leyde het over denanderen bouch, souckende de gunste van de Compe te crijgen,te dien eijnde als Capn Wilschut uyt de Maranhou daer aen't Eylandt was gearriveert, dede Pires door Jooseph Martijnaen den Commandant iAilder weeten dat hij hem (om de Inwooridrs te blint doecken) soude laeten aenseggen bij soo verresij haere gemelte Schans niet demolieerden off overgevendat dan een vloot in Guinea claer leggende, daer hij,".'iltschut, was af gesonden, haer wederom soude comenbeoorlogen. Dit doende, verseckerde hij .-wider/ eene goedeuytcompste, want niettegenstaende der Inwoonders grootepresentatien van een somrae te willen furnee en tot continuatiedes oorlogs, verliet 'tselve fort danckende de soldatenaf. Soo mede heeft sich eerlijcK getoont in't aendienenvan den Lorrendraijer, sijnde een Fluyt,St Laureyns genaemt,en hoewe1 te vertrouwen hij 'tselve uyt grootevalsheyt doet, om ons in't slaep te wiegen en sijn kans-"•aerdoor te betea waer cunnende nenen, mits hij ganouch

184. 1647.genouchsaem in sijn eer soude herstelt sijn wanneer hij't Fort overrompelen cost, soo was ten aensien den tegenwoordigenstaet van Brazil, seer dienstich voor de Compewij mede dien wegh opstreeden, en hem, Pires, een vrundelijckgelaet toonden van hem alle gunste te bewijsen, tert i j t de gelegentheyt anders daerin te versien sal presenteeren;want hij nu de penningen voor synne suijckeren hemvan de Hr Blauwenhaen competeerende niet en geniet,sijnwij niet sonder surgen(sic) dat hij wel met de Majoor JanCarvalije, die seer tegens de Compe ingenomen^mochte aenspannen,dat dan lichtelijck soude cunnen baren de negotiein oorloge veranderde, om U Ed schepen sonder suyckerenleedich' thuys crijgen. En aengesien de Compe aen ditEylandt soo grootelijcx geleegen dat op sijne jJillarendese geheele cust stunt, mits bij verlies van dien deEngelschen,die vaert gewinnende,,_ ons daeruit soudencladden, soo brenght ooc 'tselve soo extraordinarisschoone proffit, gelijck U Edle dan uyt de reckeningencunnen sien, dat de ingehandelde suyckeren omtrent 25V f.over de 30V ponden vlaems bedraegen; versouck derhalventen dienste van U Edle ootmoedich, U Edle gelievende op .des Heeren Generaels missive te letten er(?) 'tgeenedienstich te considereetfen, op dat U Edle in alien deelenvoor soo een ongeluck als 't verlies van dit Eylandtsoude wesen, mogen behoet blijven, en, was mi^n bedenckensnoodich, U Edle dien Pires met meer-der somrae van Contantenvoor synne suycke*en geliefden te beneficeeren als andereparticuliere.Jr C x»l . . ^ ^ k ^ v -Si J u Trreonr/ir'iro^/On the Pmo "iay the boat of Albert Smient, previouiiywritten about to YHH, was brought to the Island by theyacht Jannabo, which found him drifting helplessly at sea;as also on the 2nd July a Fluyt, named Eendracht, alsoseized. ''."hat goods' were found therein has never beentold me, but I refer to the letter from the Factor there.But I understand with regret that i f the Commandant hadnot again provided the Fluyt St Laurejms (sailed frem withCommission from Holland) with a ration of sugar for theirboat, i t would apparently have fallen into the Companyrfshands, or at least would have had to depart home fruitlesslybut as I do not know its real character, I refer to theletter from the General.JJI have continued for about 10 years in YHH's service,of which 2 at St Thome, and now 3£ on this Coast, and havecontinually so done my duty that I do not doubt that thefame of i t wal w i l l have partly been blown to YHH. Amongothers, I have not only served in the Chief Factor's placeas well as the Fiscalship without any rise(verbeteîng) asdesiring YHH's good favour, but aiso brought the"ontneijde"Factories ACRAA and AXEM to profitable recovery; and asthe General, through manifold sickness and annoyances

1647. 185.is urgent for his discharge, I therefore respectfullyrequest YHH to be pleased to consider me favourably on thatoccurrence, and I shall, on that occasion, hold myself boundfor a further period of 4 years.As the General is reporting everything in detail, I havethought i t unneeessary to lengthen this, and for brevityrefer to his, Herewith,7ff Honhle, Hond, &cYHHs' obedient servant,isd.+l&fV'fInoc. .tud no (sgd) Hendrick Caarlof.-nlprnQT seVfc-.&W ,«nii?l bn--Fiscal.b9Jx'.or>. 3H ..taoci -JSLCastle del Myna, 26 7ber 1647.r.rf tv/1,3 v a ? amc *c-oiv HI tiodn pnIJee Tadfryf oH.Original Letter,(WIC.oc.ll.)fsritf bawoIIo'T aljnoW a/it Jr fcs-isHonourableEendracht,Dir. Gen. J.A. van der WEL, to the XIX. WIC.Castle del Myna, 17 October 1647.Honble, Hond,Rrudent, VerySirs,The four shipsRegenbageY from theMost Worshipful,Discreet Sirs,Wise,.ftpnamely, der Veer, the frigate'Chamber Zeeland, and St Peterof Rotterdam, we dispatched from St Thome on the 18th Marchlast with such return cargoes as YHH can perceive from thecopy of the cargoes, also my letter ajid necessary documentsfor that purpose; with the hope and desire that the Almightyhas shown his grace that the Assembly of the XIX, to whomeverything was consigned, have duly received the same; although,when lying before St Thone, the ships had lost 42"eaters" by death, .which was a great trouble to us because ef 4fcof the smallness of the crews and the scarcity of victualsfor 12 weeks, as they w i l l have 2 dry days (drooge dagen)in the week, which through lack we could not manage otherwise;and that they have had the benefit of God's help.Observing that I had nothing special moEe to do at theIsland than to let remain in force instructions for theyacht Dolphyn of Horn - that had brought here 280 Marksgold after the closing of the accounts, given it by theCoast Councillors, and added to the return cargo - to tradethe 3aboon and Cape de Loop and then to cross over to theTusk and Quaqua Coast, to which I added to c a l l at RioSester in order to be able to learn the state of thisfactory (which concerns the Chamber Amsterdam), arisen out

-186. 1647.Ylj.:.r< S&S {-•j'l 9T0l319rfJ- I t9£16fl*08i6 aid tof rfnaS'UJ PAof the last voyage of the yacht Postpaert's cargo, whichdid not succeed as we wished, and have to speak of hereafter..ais.9\ > to boii:>..T a^rffurl a tol?rAm» C Before I took ray departure from the Island I coarfsideredit neces ary to communicate with Mr Mulder about the regulationof the issue of rations, and represented that onecould come to a reduetion which w i l l now follow from theresolution to live from the country, to be able to pay themen at/3-4 monthly both in pork and farina. He representedthat he could make no reduction but toj& 8 monthly,eitherin the supply of beasts as jork, and farina, and the remainderin wine against 5 ffy the can, at the most. He shoutedand blustered very disorderly about i t , why his men shouldreceive lass than the Gold Coast garrison; which with manydetailed reasons I represented otherwise, because everythinghere costs less, by half, to buy than on the Gold Coast.He further said that i f he saw he was coming short in victuals,he would take the store of merchandise; to which Ireplied that shortly that his authority (qualiteyt) ee didnot extend so far, except in urgent need, and he must waitt i l l he heard my advice about i t . Upon this followed thaton the 22nd March a number of soldiers appeared at the Fortand joined with those of the Fort, before the lodging ofthe Commandant, attacking me, chiefly, with words, requestingthat money might be giveia them weekly or monthly inorder to buy refreshments sometimes, as they received nothingdaily but a portion of old food(cost). I repliedwith strong words, that they knew quite well that I had nomoney, but i f they woulde be content with 4 i n gold(as the intention was to live from the country) I would let'them have as much a"S each respectively 'on the Coast for the

1647. 187.which, through contrary winds and storm and thunder, it wasdifficult to stand out; so I fear the four ships w i l l havetasted a l l too much of it. And after we had got the windfrom the West, we arrived before AXEM, with the expressintention of el calling at that place. We arrived ort the15th April intending to take off 7-800 iron staves as Ihad understood from advices from Factor Coymans that theleeward places were nearly destitute of subsiduary goods(bijwaren); as also to make redress against the wantonnessthat AXEM is doing to us, because we seek to exert ourselvesfor the Company's profit hy preventing the trade tothe Quaqua Coast, which for the most part ought to come tothe rrofit of the Company, since i t becomes difficult tosubsist the garrison and no profits of value are producedfor the Company. Meantime the district is filled withQuaqua cloths and the Company has no slee sale in othergoodsWhen we dropped anchor there, Factor Hendrik Froonappeared on board and reprDted that the AXEMS did not ceaseto treat the Company's servants badly and showed many signsof insubordination. Yes, already before my departure toSt Thome th^y had been so bold as to shamefully murderone of our soldiers and to wound two; which went much toofar to be borne any longer. I therefore had the Captainand Caboseros summoned to appear before me and to give thereasons why they showed such hostility towards us; besidesthe affronts they had shown to the Fiscal, who had beensent there in my name, while I was at St Thome, to devisea good basis, and to prevent any more canoes sailing tothe Quaqua Coast without permission; which ffad always beenobserved with the Portuguese in order that the Quaquasmight appear the-e themselves in order to trade, on suchconditions that the cloths coming down came first into thehands of the Company to buy at its discretion, and to leavethe rest to their "devotie", provided that a l l goods theyneeded for them (consisting mostly in Acory) they must buyfrom the Company, and that, as cheaply as the Acory has tobe ^bartered at Da Myna or CRAA.On the 16th, having come he~e yesterday, I proceeded onshore and. after some waiting, some Caboseros appeared beforethe Fort, but chiefly ringleaders and agitators, who didnot appear for this good purpose and w i l l not let theothers come in, but sent some deputies and report thatthe rest are afraid; with which I am not well pleased, asI made solemn promises that no harm should be done them,but was duly seeking to mediate everything. 3ut nothingcame of either good words or threats, arid in variousactions they show they are making a moch of us. On the17th they took entirely to flight, which we sought to

188. 1647.prevent with several shots from the large cannon. Butthey would not listen and so I hade" the upper and lowervillage set on fire so far that few houses remained standing.Meanwhile one, AFFO, appered appeared., who went toand fro, but they could not come to any resolution to domy w i l l that they should not s a i l any more to the QuaquaCoast, as the profits attracted them too much, and fromfishermen they mostly become traders. Menawhile theyremained in the forest, with great hunger, and did a l lthe damage to us that they could. Yes, on one day theydeprived us of seven slaves at a time. They would notcome to any agreement, the chief cause of which was thatthe English began to interfere in this, and by incitementkept it so long protracted that, finally, last month,they were then pleased to behave with moderation with theFiscal - who with a l l the soldiers from the newly arrivedship 'tHoff van Zeeland proceeded on shore to visa visitthem in the bush (bos), and.as he had found them fled,again to set fire to the huts they had erected - anddeclared that they were willing to comply with our proposals,and that they would make no more voyages withcanoes to the QUAQUA Coast. They restored some slavesthey had carridd off and said the others had run away. Howthey w i l l behave in future, time w i l l show, but I fearthey w i l l not keep their promises, and i f they break them,then AXEM is of no great value to the Company and w i l lgive more damage than profit, uniess a strong garrison ofat least 20 men is kept there. For the people of ASINEand ABINE were accustomed to come down to buy iron, andnow they keep mway entirely, as they have as .much as theywant from ships which supply them, whereas otherwise theyhave to paddle 10 miles (mylen). In fine, even i f thisFort were dismantled the Company would not lose, especiallyas the QUAQUA Coast does not accrue (toevallen) to us asdesired, to which there is s t i l l some hope of attaining,which time may yet show and te in which we shall usediligence.I proceeded from AXEM on the 20th April with the intentionto reinforce the garrison which was then provided withonly 11 whites' - which I afterwards brought up to 20 -and arrived before del Myna on the 21st, after having lefttheê on the 17th January; truly a l l too long, for variousconsiderations which YHH w i l l be able to understand fromthe continuation. Firstly, the Chief Factor, Isaac Coymans,made report that strong rumours were current amongthe Blacks that the English Company's officers were resofrjtingto means to persuade the King of SABOUW to deprive us'of the Fort Nassauw, and then they would purchase it fromthe King for a good sura of gold; with the admonition that

1647. 189.it was easy for him to do as it was provided with such apoor garrison; which seems atrocious and neverthelesscredible, considering that the King has had me informedof i t , with the names of the persons who have sought todo everything in the name of the English. But he makespromises that he w i l l not take it in hand during the timeof his governement; but that the King has been in doubtwhat he should do in this, and we w i l l not pledege ourword that he was guiltless as, in my absence at St Thomehe has twice been to Moure at night, in person, withouthaving any following with him (which is not their custom).We believe he has done this in order to learn the mannerof our keeping guard. Wij mercken aen de Moures inhabitantsdat den Coninck gansch hebben tegen gestaen on deonheylen die voor h/aer deel daeruit stonden te spruyten.Finding myself uneasily disquieted about this because thegarrisons in a l l Forts are so weak to reinforce the Mouregarrison and to reduce d'Myna as it aould allow, I proceededin person to Moure and sent the Chief Factor, Jorisvan Hoogenhouck, to the King to learn something about thematter. The King and Caboseros of SABOU persisted intheir previous statement that the Factor of the English,named George Middelton, had had several requests made tothem a l l that the Fort Nassauw might be captured (geincorporeert)and then he would buy it from them. They declarethat they have ae% do not intend this, that therefore theyought to be thought of and that he should not fail togive them an honourable present in order to avert furtheri l l . He left them well contented, but when FactorHoogenhouck was taking his leave from the fving he gavehim this tip (foij) in secret, that it was good that Ihad returned from St Thome and most strongly recommendedthat the garrison at Moure should be provided with moremen, stating also that they would take as much care aswe ... (sic). I should comply with their request ifthe Company would provide us with as many men as are indeednecessary here.-It is not sufficient that the English venture uponthe aforesaid during *he my absence from the Coast,butthey labour s t i l l further, and have so far persuaded theFETU King (notwithstanding that just before my departureto St Tho.'.e it had cost the Company about 2 Marks goldto get their ship, named King James, which lay beforegBO^CABO CORS away from there, as reported in more deta i l in my last) that they came to trade there again,atfirst with a yacht, and got so far that the King has allowedthem to establish a Lodge at CABO CORS; which dishonourableand perfidious action of the FETUS did not ata l l please me, and we therefore got into great contention

190. 1647.with him, and since we considered that we could not resolveagain at this time to stop their rascally actionwith gifts and presents, we used a l l zeal to divert theACANISTS from here to CABO CORS, daer niet toequam alhoewelde tollen van negotie dapper beswaerden." c raoo f '"t • •'• TTJ Ji ar-if?j JI'.JT silw ^rf Jtp-rl.f BâinroTOTBefore the English took in hand the making of the Lodge,their Principal, George Middelton, appeared here. I exhortedhim with many irrefutable arguments, yet to stop hisintention so that he should not.complain afterwards, withthe £. warning that i f he took i t in hand we should notstand s t i l l , and that the numerous requests and offers ofthe Braffo of FANTIJN could easily be taken in hand. Hepaid no attention rto this, proceeded quickly with the workin the month of May (1647) and made the lodge in the samefashion as the one that the Company has standing there.The Braffo and Caboseros of FANTYN, Caboseros of CORMANTYN, and p r i n c i p a l l y the ACANISTS there, take great displeasurein what Mr Middelton intends, to disVert a portionof the merchandise which a l l used" to be brought there, andtake the resolution to make another t r i a l with the requestthat I w i l l lay a ship or yacht at CGnMANTYN, to make aLodge or Fort at the place which pleares me best, even werei t next to the English. To that end they sent deputiesfrom a l l the three aforenamed, with great promises that theyw i l l remedy the displeasure that was taken by my predecessorand henceforth, in the receipt of gold, give'preference tous before the English, and they take a great aversion tothem, a^frtaage>ifrp»ffr*Mi figrfiayraiaKryifrran»a»art4&c«&Pi»atac^^\FUiMmc*M^tr*r»netD(f'av ifpcfrtufovra p-pte. We have taken theirmanifold requests, made since a year and a half, into consideration,especially about making a lodge that we couldmaintain with 3 Whites and 5-6 slaves. Wherefore we sentChief Factor Coymans, assisted by Factor Valckrave, withwritten instructions (supra, p. 168) to FANTYN, so as to beable to understand the f u l l intentions of the BRAFFO. Thereport that Coymans made YHH can see in the annexures (suprap. 171). Thereupon I found good to proceed to leeward tofind out the most suitable place, either ANNAMABO or ATJA,with the determination not at CORMANTYN, although the Braffohad offered it to us, but to remain beyond the command ofthe guns of the English. ANNAMABO I found as convenientfor the coming in of hoats and canoes as ATo'A, but on comingto CORMANTYN, where the ACCANISTS, BRAFFO, and other Caboseros,who showed great pleasure at my coming there, thencame to the subject of the business and, firstly, withgreat rersistance, requested that I would not adopt theidea of a Lodge at ANNAMABO, but at AtJA,because i t was mueh

1647. 191.end handier 6§wpeedreiv) and nearer CORwiANTYN for them;which, after careful examination, I granted them. Theymade great promises that they would procure gold for usand recommended that we should supply them well withmerchandise especially serges (zaeyen), which I have promisedthem to animate YHH so that there may be no lack inthis. Many ACANISTS presented HB me with sheep fowlsand other foodstuffs, which makes expensive meat, butwhich for various reasons I did not refuse; as i f theirpresents are not accepted they take it as a great disdainof their persons. As I understood that the English officers,besides Mr Middelton were in the teVillage, Iwas careful not to neglect to invite them to a friendlymeal, and so appeared the skipper of the Hope, Mr RichardHouw, the subfactor Mr Lucas, and the preacher DoraineHoratio Wirby, whom I received properly, treated as wellas was in ray power, and some little time was spent ingaity gaiety, until the Captain and principal ACCANISTSand the Caboseros of CORMANTYN and FANTYN came to visitus; until, finally, a Captain of the ACCANISTS, namedCORANCIJN, upon whom the English very greatly.rely ashe spends his gold with no one else but them (which hehas several times had done through his servants, atMoure )/âsked whether the dispute with the. people of FETUparticularly JAN HUNNEÛA and JAN CLAESSEN had beensettled. I replied "no", and that even if_they had 50pound (ponrt) gold. I..would not receive it from themunless the King first fulfilled the contract that Mrvan Yperen had made with the FUTUYS. Upon this statementof mine the Factor or sub-Factorwho thought weshould have some respect for his expensive clothes,interpose 3 .aid,

192. 1647.or that they might receive a ship or yacht. I chieflyassailed the Captain of the CORMANTYN ACCANISTS, whoshowed himself to be very much disposed towards theEnglish who pjalce much reliance on him, whether it wasnot true that they had many times had me requested toour present purpose. They replied with a general shoutand cry (in the manner of the Blacks) "Yes!". Theskipper of the ship Hope, named Richard How, was extremelysurprised about this, and repeated these words many, times,"Corancijn, Corancijn", thereby meaning the ACCANISTCaptain,."Was this done with your consent, as the Generalvan der Wel eya says ?". He replied "Yes", and at oncesprang up to excuse himaelf to the English, "Can I alonestop it i f a l l the other ACCANISTS wish i t ?". Theskipper, as he had more experience, displayed much morediscretion than the inexperienced sub-Factor, Mr Lucas,and said he had Such feelings ii the Blacks, als theyscould Only get gold, would betray their father and mother,which wia??he recht and regel of the Coast. But Mr Lucascould not yet understand this well and cried out andblustered very rudely, "Would you make a Lodge here aboutour country?. CORMANTYN is our country!", repeating thisseveral times. Whereupon I replied, "CORMANTYN is ourcountry, as also CABO CORS, as both potentates are inalliance fcue«b**d-) with the Company and Mr Middeltonfirst prepared the way £s-paer«-bsâyt-^ for us by makingthe Lodge at SB CABO CORS, where the King of FETU hadgiven himself In such firm alliance frma-S-Tsybood) withthe Company." He replied that Middelton (although he hasthe-ehief direction here) was only a fool and knows nothingfort***orecfr>Ti4^t, and might well have omitted toestablish a Lodge at CABO CORS. A^«^«_«\a©hi«^**^k3^âa3J^Jhad^-t«aifi »iyt

1647. 193.wei t geuumpti'i., and the Blacks and the English do notmock us. While I was sitting in the assembly of theACCANISTS and Caboceros, a shot was fired from the EnglishFort, the ball flying over our heads and damaginga Black's house; having found the same, it weighedabout 6 pounds tpewV). The ACCANISTS and Caboserosexcitedly went to the Fort to ask for what purpose theydid this, requesting that I would stay there that day.Coming to the Fo^t fiavma the whole crowd *U*t*M*i'tfm»*«WtWmt ^ f t P ^which they cannot effect unless the Braffo of FANTYN(Fonteyn) allows himself to be bribbd a second time,which we hope to take care shall not happen,,sa«

194. 1647.But i f they came and treated us in this manner.^ which *God forbid, and at the small Fort CAMA, for which theyare likewise lying in wait, in order to have i t plunderedby the Blacks, and then purchase, how we should act inthis, whether we should seek revenge on them or not,YHH w i l l please to decide about it, .aodv^nd copy of yourresolution hither, which we shall expect by the firstopportunity. Do not be too-much sugprised, YHH,. overal>%tai»J*«Angs («suaa*«4^^)nHal"!S£5B n glish daily takein hand; but to make pertinent evidence of "M^TBftUiV < >g-1»fiij>iYHH can well understand is not possible. However,besides keeping a watchful eye, we are continually warnedby the Blacks about this, and we are ep of opinion thateverything is being done by order of .their masters. Godw i l l guard us from those ideas that we do not seek to buytheir Fort like as they have sought to do the Fort Nassauw.YHH

lX>

196. 1647.For the following considerations, (and with his w i l l ing consent) we have found good to remove the Fiscalfrom CRAA, in May, as he was stationed somewhat too far away in order to be in the ships and yachts at the windwardplaces; secondly, we can place more reliance on him,than the AXEM Factor Froon, to look after affairs thereso that the Company can get the QuaQua cloth trade. CRAAwe hope w i l l be well provided with the Elle Hamraingh,who came from Groningen. Therefore we have allowed himan increase from f 30 to f 50. * • •In the annexures to the last letter of the 18th' March,has come to YHH ah invoice of the. rivate goods seized inthe frigate'Eendracht of Middelburg whichiri, except for afew loose beads, were sold and^produced Mk.10: oz. :5 eng 17,of which, according to jju sentence, the Company has receivedl/3rd part, the remaining 2/3rds having gone to theFiscal and the poor box (arm'bus). I do npt doubt thatthis trade w i l l come' to an end.m\\\\mL

1347.197%be entirely destitute of merchandise of what hes beensen* us. The disaster to the ship Groningen has rroducedremarkable profits- for the English as, *m--JMi^»*•»May, they vernaemen the ship-Hope with a reasonably assortedcargo, wijens courantste waeren metter "Snapwech-îngen en hun indien niet coste stutten; but having under¬'stood that the ship had brought a large parcel oflijwaet we placed the ..iarket at 135 a per benda, daerin ons volgt en is naer'maels op i8 120 (?) gestelt,versheyde speculatie hebben wij op verclaeringe van *****Engelsen handt daertegen spelt haer lijwaet niet meerals 6 sty (?) de a courant kosten and those YHH sendus 8 sty(?) and more; so that we cannot think otherwiseof later *tralat(?) op staen dat doch niet gelief teobserveren, want indien deselve 135 a geven and maer 6sty(?) kompt te kosten soo konnen zij ten naestenbij bijsonder blijven sonder cargasoen te cargeren kanbeste voor de Compe uitwercken.De waardige poorte heeft door manquement van goedereninsondeaheyt Koper, nepten, st"even, en saeyen, veelgoudts ontfangh meeten missen en 'tgoudt na de bovenplaetse gesaecht'. • t is schedelijk dat soo veel aende vreemde natien rennen (?). YHH must necessarilysupply us well with saeyen. I am confident that ACRAA —-is good for (machtig) 4-500 p. annuaxly and when thereare saeyen th^n they buy little lijwaet. De 117 a perbenda gelijk wij aldaer geven, komen de Compe op f 45te staen alwaer 2 oncen goudt van goudt. Een stuckSaey costs f37-f38 which we could readily sell at2 onz, 8 eng. YHH w i l l please to take into observat- .ion what injury you do by sending few saeyen. [TheEnglish doen groote intercessie aen den COMWLNDEUR totCRAA aldaer een Logie te raogen stabileeren, dat onsdagelijckx van de CRACE wert aengesegt dat met allekracht souck te wederhouden, 'twelck niet can toegaenof moeten ons laten sien met vermaninge en schenkagie.Den COMiiANDEUR die dit Landschap me est regeert (alhoeweldatter koningh is)doet ons groote beloftenniet te willen ingaen^dien wechjand s grateful forwhat I have sent him.*" His youngest brother is herewith me, whom he offers to leave in hostage, rn riendoef£ooti9n tcgomeeti. *• «A ctUOn the 28th Fbbruary last, the English sent the shipHouttuyn from the Coast with return ::ergo, -nd the shipHope that arrived on 31st May, will depart as soon asthe Golden Star (which they expect daily) appears. Theyalso have here a yacht of 50-60 tons that ^navigatesthe_ Benyn and Bight. ...'*' r 4U C*«UA M " * ^ £ Gn****"^ 4* **" ^Ci5£5:Lft kt k c t O U « y*u f H , * * ^ ^ Afiij *•*

1647.... ...The Benyn factory at this time is of l i t t l e significance... (further thereon) ...De hoogste tandhalinge geeft de Compe geen inloop nawens, doordien soo dicht van ons ende vreemde natienweAt bevaren, dat soo veel dierte van tanden als slavenmaeckt; op de Quaqua Cust van gelijcken, can wij reguleerenons na den tyt en is niet geraden s t i l te staenop dat alle tanden ons niet mogen ontsluypen.The fluyt ship Huis Nassau on behalf of the ChamberZeeland, 120-130 tons, 12 guns, 22 eaters, arrived on 26June last and brought me copy of the letter from the Assemblyof the XIX sent by the Oroningen, to which I shortlyreplied by the Haerlem of Amsterdam which left here on1st June; and letters from the Chamber Zetland with a StThomecargo amraounting to F 14,848:9:12.... As to thelack of soldiers. ...CThe recommendations that YHH make alle devoiren aanteemenom de Swarten in devotie te houden en alle bedenkelyckemeddelen bij te brengen is niet door ons verzuymt.Plegen alle nee'-stigheyt to stand well with them and to"plant" the trade; but the Blacks show l i t t l e gratitudeende werden door 't versbhot van te veel vallende natieschepen so** /dertel ( wellustig: lichtzinnig: dartel)dat bijna langer geen readt mede weten, gestadig dit inde mond hebbende, "Indien Ghij niet en wilt daer sijnandere natien die geerne willen"; en dat de Engelsenalsins haer wortelen soucken te planten, dat is sekere'.Daerom hebben wij vlijt gedaen, 'tgeen sonder onkostenniet en kan uitgevrocht werden. De Engelse van CABOCORS te helpen, dat wat anders is te seggen als hun uitde rivier Benyn te houden, den handel weder tot fleurte stellen, is kans, i f the required cargoes are sent tous; but instead of at least 6OOV0O0 whieh-we annually,which we need, not four is sent. How can this make agood work? and so long a? YHH are neglectful in thisand you cannot supply the warehouses with a Scherdecoopmanschap, then I see no remedy for getting the Englishaway. In gevalle wij hun kosten besetten, dat metvervullen(sic) van coopschappen ende van goudt ontfangenwerden gefrustreert wij soo wel voorsien waren als sij,

fUm. « to VttoMnM, tituU. ; hut- itu, lij^S laOc

1647.2001102vertrouw" vastelijck den moet souden laten sacken, insonderhe'yt Qj^JJlij.Jfc/'' 'dîBRAFFp 'nebben geobtine'ert•t stellen van iSgTe'lKoÂWa^TLA, dat ongelijk meerkrack voor hun sal geven dan of sin tot CABO COKShadden gebleven. Ick bevondt, soo als tot CORMANTYNwas, tot voorderinge van Logie datter onder d'ACCANIST-EN een verdeelingh bleeck, en haerselven van den anderensochten te separeren, en bijsonder in ACCANY J-anschappenhadden de eene(?) partye doen ons beloften alle totATTA te sullen komen wonen, waer van de principaelstealreede met bouwen teeckenen geven, naraentlijck,"Mr"TAMSON AMM, ASOiiimEWBA, onder de blancken genaemtRuychaver, COFY, Kleene end groote ABRAHAM dat fraijekoopluyden zijn, de Ed Heer Ruychaver ver(sic) welbekent. Hope de andere die noch tot de Engelsen zijngenatureert, met wel beêgenen soo verre te brengen onssullen bijvallen, dat veel bestaet aen goede Cornysen.Ondertusschen hebben wij die belofte van de Capn derACCANISTEN verkregen dat de helft van sijn goudt salverdeelen, vermits ten hoogsten aen de Engelsen isverbonden, doordien maendelljck liberalyck een benda gougoudt genoot van hun treckt, dan wij hopen goede vruchtenvoor de Compe sal baren, ende de Capiteyn endeeenigd sijner aenhangh tot ons te krygen, 'tgeen moetgedaen werden met contentemente coopscnappen.^ * vanYperen and Arent Jacobsz made great trouble and expenseto obtain this placing of the Lodge, which thay had notbeen able to obtain treugh through the hindrance of theEnglish. I beg that YHH w i l l maintain us in our goodintention, for you can well consider that we have notbeen able to attain it except we made promises that wew i l l supply them well with goods, especially with sergesof which the District of FANTYN is ve-y fond, and theyhave not been able to/egt %fto41*• wi 11 through the scarcity ^* V Ithat YHH send us, and nave been/Tâkon- ?.wrty taijtijts at fttm^fj Ictf^the windward places.i&CMHi fi i. 'T'lin.i iif'iriTiêw«tw igy y g.n toâ.aw| | l |•TgrnTifft^flTfirrmrr Irf aitf "Wm^ti net* ririljm Offline rtTWmnUXa g y e w tiiertifiijTiil «i—y wiW.#!«*u> «"iTiy ,at»rfcni# *iny ^r«a«oâ^t»jtste«j«^^decj«-f J^gthtf? Q3B(*li>w»f«

20U 1647.The soldiers "nd sailors hebben de buyck waeckerraoeten toebinden, at various times begging me to raisetheir costgelt, daerom geen quade inbreecken te maken nietheeft konnen toeverstaen als hoewel wist grooten kommerleden.But now it is better, praise God, and i n Aprilthe Blacks had some corn sown.- Has received the office necessities, r also the medicinesthat were in a disgraceful condition -a 1 isaE"! + a h MAr-AyiBA ^>fCO"Xfi j&iT9 AfVJjlTJI *' ifl*^ "svrrfovi/JIAs regards the situation at the island St ThomeB T . " J n ^ j i s d -(Note. The next following 11 paragraphs? on photosNos. 15, 16., 17,& 18, relating to affairs ofSt Thomehave. not been translated. ,interalia hewarns the;Directors to be on their guard there againstthe Portuguese. Continued at para'.2,photo 18)On 2nd August received advice from the Fiscal who thenlay very sick at AXEM that a fluyt ship haer come to abchorthere, about f?0 lasten, 12 eaters, among whom 2 sick, theskppe" n^med -Jan Maertensz Backer of Aldersonj arrived beforeCOMANY having sold some but few saeyeri there. The nextday, the 4th, I sent the Chief Factor Isaac Coymans thitherfor further information. In the afternoon,, Isaac Coymansreturned and made quite a different report to what theFiscal had advised me. The skipper declared he had beenborn at €ilderson the ship at Dunkirk whe e his wife lives,with commission from the young king of France which heIAJ «Jk ^^fhowed to Coymans, as also the Zee brief and citizenshipof Dunkirk,^ with impressed seal on behalf of the King. He

id1647. 2€3..sc-The arrival of the Hoff van Zeelandt on 11th Sept.with it disappointingly sober cargo.--Complains at length of the way they are treated in thesupply of victuals, reporting^hcnvy shortages in weight V*^/.in the_ barrels of pork, bacon and stockfish; and theinsufficient time for which the above ship was victualled.He asks for good supervision against^ the frauds of the.purveyors.--The number of soldiers was only 39 instead of 20 forthe Coast and 30 for St Thome'being sent as decided; also4 ships do not come annually. The necessity to relievethe ee time-expired soldiers.-... Further on St Thome. ..."Wfl T jiric ^DQ-^m\%9wi t^^^^^P^ I^^^^^Br^ "*^mm\m\'' I Liw l< n ) n t-On the cargoes bought from Mr Ritterson & Mr JosephTerregan, a profit was made of Mk.18:3oz :3A eng.-Sends formula of goods required.-'On the. l©th of this month October- we sent the yachtReael with merchandise for the first time to the Lodge(sic) with the Chief Factor Hubrecht Valckrave, subfactorJan Hubrechtsz, and sub-assis 1 ant Pieter vanNocrrtwijk. We observe in these three persons a goodhumeur to be able to oragaeh with the Blacks in which theCompany'is much concerned. I hope it w i l l be lucky forthe Company and fall out according to wish. Althoughthe Equipage master, who came from there yesterday, re-,ports to us that the(English within the period of threemonths have had it'said that they will destroy theCUj /«/ Lodge there by some means or other, I believe they willnot neglect toppersuade the BuAFFO of FANTYN by goodgifts, but I am confident he v/ill not allow it, als onsmede 'twelck de Comp sal raoeten getroost"wesen op datniet moogen obtineeren. I do not believe they w i l lhave the courage to undertake anything without the know-"ledge of the BRAFFO; and i f they do anything without hisknowledge they stand in peril oaf all being killed. Theyfurther tell the Blacks that they are daily looking outfor a ship Golden Star and when that has arrived theyw i l l see something otherwise than the Hope's crew. YHHi f this is done it will appear strange: therefore reaevresolve upon o - r former request whether we should seek

202. 1647.to get revenge '.seeing a chance oh their ships or Fort),for in order to encourage the Blacks, sal de Loogies coopmanschapveel sijn & de Compe duisenden comen ten rooffstellen.Their yacht is van de 6th instant doende geweest om tes a i l to AXEM with the intention to trade there &• to establisha Lodge "een miltieu" above the Company's Fort, We"re glad to see this because this, w i l l work to their Masters'injury & conden w*d s i t) AXEM soo wel als wij soudendit staeck e : but their principal object is to incite theinhabitants against us & to see whether theji could in timeget the Fo~t to their devotie.. The Fiscal w i l l continuethere for a considerable time, who makes great voorslagenwhich he thinks w i l l f a l l out according to wish. I fear theyw i l l be deceived in their intentions.We stellen op de' raemorij the great need bf Prince flags,then it w i l l be good at first also to give each ship an Englishflag, om off de'"AXEMSE Swart en op a new rebellie sochtenaentehechten/'that' the^'Ships from home' may be orderedto call first at AXEM and to let the English flag fly,sooomdat de Fiscal aldaar gewoonlijk sullen vinden als omeenige Swaerten aen boord te krijgen who show us enmity,"& whom the skippers of the ships get on, board, to keep themuntil the Fiscal or someone else comes on board, to makeknown what Blacks they are. This ..ought not to be forgottenin the Instructions.-Again.asks for his discharge.- The chief Factor at FortNassouw has been o t 8 years & is beginning to faj'l. One ofmost faithful Sr. competent factors. Is-'ac Coymans, alsowith good reason; asks for his discharge.-17th October 1647 at the Castledel Myna. in Guinea.Jcb go rt?ajw tXIX.Herewith, &cYHHs' faithful servant,(sgd) J.van der WEL.

1647. 203.Original letter from Dir.Gen. van J.A.van der WEL,tothe Gentlemen at the Chamber Zeeland, dated "17thOctober 1647 at the Castle del Myna, p ship 'tHuisNassauw."Note. This letter, of 9 photographic pages,deals in great detail with the ships and theircargoes received and shipped. Only the followingparagraph, on photo 3, has been copied:We have come to a matter which cost the Company a largesura of gold, in the governments of Messrs van Yperen andArent Jacobsz, and which was not obtained, for the placingof a Lodge at ANNAMABO, which the English have alwaysprevented by giving the BRAFFO of FANTiN large presents. tmuJStJ.But ditto BRAFFO having got-a lioht/that this was not so ' Iprofitable for his as to tollereren*our nation, has in thelast 1-i years made various requests to me, in his name, andof those of a l l the ACCANISTS and Caboseros of CORMANTYNthat we should come to his(sic) again by providing hisport with a yacht or ship for trade, with the further offerthat i f we w i l l make a Fort or Lodge, he w i l l gr^nt us aplace, even were it beside the Fort of the English, to bebuilt as high or as low as we pleased. This ought noteu.ÔJSd^0 be ^voj»Buymt since their promises are so great that theyw i l l bajmhiltanAthe Company the receipt of gold; concern-^ ing the further afloop, I refer to my letter to the XIX.But this ought to be borne in mind by YHH that the lodgemade ought not to stand with an empty warehouse, so thatwe are not made a mock of hy the English and the Blacks.

:--Srff

1647. 205.Copy Journal of Director-General van derWel. (WIC.oc. 1(D) (11.)(Extracts)January 2. ... Sent express to the King of FETU to t e l lhim that i f he had anything to arrange withme, to let me know, as I intend to leave for St Thome in10-12 days. ... Understand from CABO CORSO that the Englishman(anchored before Cabo Corso on December 31, fromthe Benin with Benin cloths) was seeking %e seeking tosell his cloths there, but had little sale.January 3. - At opening of the gate the express returned.... The king sent his hearty thanks for theliquor sent yesterday. He was also very pleased that Ihad shown him sympathy about the foes from ABRAHEMBOU whohad tried to pay him a visit,and whom he had so m-nfullyawaited. A deputy also comes on behalf of the King,whoasks for some recompanse, according to the promise madeto him i f the English should leave CABO CORS fruitlessly.It is true that this promise was made but the King "encorapt in dees gevalle geen groote eer": but I must let thisgo through (deurgaen) for the service of the Conpany, andto see that the King remains bound to us (in ons gehoude),not only at this timem, but in the future. I have therefepefore sent him 4 oz: 12 engels, in goods, and his brother10 engels, total 5 oz: 6 eng. Two runaway slaves recaptured;put in irons, and right ear cut off.-...Yacht "Reaal" arrived from Benjin . ... (a Ion? entry withreference to trade and English competition there).January 6. (Sunday) Had long convention with EnglishPreacher. Says Jcr êveson will leave by thelast arrived ship, in January, consid. ring himself affrontedby his masters, a^ they sent out Mr Francisco Charles,whois dead, by the last ship, above him,—rTTand here, asChief, w i l l remain a joung "borsê" named Mr Middelton,With an Assistant and a dexterous Black, ..horn they employas sub-factor.- He further declared that 3 ships(of theEnglish) "Hope", "Golden Star" and "Tun'(??) which had beenhere within a year have brought in lywaet alone, 700 thoussand(arlywaet; which would amount to f.245,000January 7. Meeting of Council.- By majority of votesChief Factor Isaac Coeymans appointed to takecharge during van der Wei's absence on visit to St Thome,whe e he went owing to t e bad state of the aedcounts sentfrom there.-

206. 1647.January 8. Called in a l l Capt'ins & Caboceros of DelMyna to t e l l them of my approaching departure,andon every occurrence to accept the appointed President,Isaac Coeymans, af i f I had remained in person at delMyna. This they solemnly promised me to do, in the presenceof Coeymans, and to ooey his wishes. They wished megood luck and asked for drink money.I I • *wcr:x se tei o«t »fwJanuary 9. The English freacher left. ...(Note. There are long entries from January9 - 14, about the arrival of English ships, and of "heircargoes and trade).January 15 The Mynse Caboceros t e l l methat the CHAMA Blacks intend to visit theANTESE with arms either by land or by sea; snd since manyMYNSE are there fishing, they fear that their people w i l lsuffer much damage thereby. They request that I w i l l stopthe CHAMAS in this, and make known in the name of a l l ofus that i f they take this in hand,we shall seek to takerevenge with arms; which w i l l undoubtedly check the CHAMASso that they 6\o£ not undertake their injurious intention.January 17. -Lir.jen. van der Wel left Myna on voyage toSt Thome; leaving Isaac Coeymans in charge,asPresident (of Council).-January 26. ... - Arrived at St Thome.January 27. ... - Landed at St Thome. -Note. Here the copy Journals in this file,'7IC.oc.ll., come to an end.(end of 1647)

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