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Agricultural drainage water management in arid and semi-arid areas 31requires the use of computer models. Figure 9 might also help in the evaluation process. Step 3involves ranking the site’s options, based on the technical and environmental desirability. Step 4involves an analysis of the relative economic efficiency of the various options. Marginal costcurves may be useful in determining which options are more efficient than others. When evaluatingthe economic efficiency of a highly complex, multi-parameter system, it may be advantageousto turn to a computerized economic optimization model. The course of action ultimately decidedupon also depends on the social, organizational and institutional suitability of the proposed optionsand may run counter to what is economically efficient. Step 5 evaluates the social and institutionalissues. Step 6 is perhaps the most difficult as it always involves intuitive judgement and a certainmeasure of creativity. Collating all the information and developing a stepwise path forimplementing the favoured options takes time and considerable thought. The preparing of areport describing the recommended options and their order of implementation (Step 7) followsdirectly from Step 6.BENCHMARKINGThe Australian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage is exploring another approachcalled benchmarking as part of its efforts to improve the performance of irrigated agriculture.The principal goal of benchmarking is to “find and implement best practice for the organizationin question” by “learning about their own organization through comparison with their historicalperformance and with practices and outcomes of others” (Alexander, 2001). In 1998/1999, thiscommittee evaluated 47 parameters in 46 water providers to gauge system operation,environmental issues, business processes and financial performance. New parameters to beconsidered with specific regard to on-farm water use include: security of water supply, watersavings from operational and seepage remediation, metering of supplies, water trading, saltbalance, water quality monitoring, and operating costs per unit length of channel or pipeline. Thebenchmarking reports and compiled data have already led the water industry to consider and/oradopt improved technologies to enhance economic, environmental and social performance. Thisapproach has received positive responses from the water industry, and the plan is to now evaluateadditional comparative parameters, such as groundwater quality, absolute changes in watertable, extent of water reuse and recycling, average water use on major crops, and financialreports on economic value added.
32Framework for selecting, evaluating and assessing the impact of drainage water management
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162Annex 2 - Water quality guidelin
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164Annex 3 - Drinking-water quality
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166Annex 3 - Drinking-water quality
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184Annex 6 - Trees and shrubs for s
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This publication provides planners,
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