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CAPPADOCIA Cappadocia, meaning “the land of beautiful horses”, was an extensive inland district of Turkey. The name continued to be used in western sources and in the Christian tradition throughout history and is still widely used as an international tourism concept to define a region of exceptional natural wonders characterized by fairy chimneys and a unique historical and cultural heritage. It is impossible to define Cappadocia’s limits with any real accuracy. In the time of Herodotus, the Cappadocians are supposed to have occupied the whole region from Mount Taurus to the vicinity of the Black Sea. Cappadocia, in this sense, was bounded in the south by the chain of Mount Taurus, to the east by the Euphrates, to the north by Pontus, and to the west vaguely by the Salt Lake, in Central Anatolia. But Strabo, the only ancient author who gives any circumstantial account of the country, greatly exaggerated its dimensions. It is now believed that 400 km (250 mi) east-west by 200 km (120 mi) north-south is a more realistic appraisal of Cappadocia’s extension. Cappadocia contains several underground cities (see Kaymaklı Underground City), largely used by early Christians as hiding places before they became a legitimate religion. The Cappadocian Fathers of the 4th century were integral to much of early Christian philosophy. For most of the Byzantine era it remained relatively undisturbed by the conflicts in the area, first with the Sassanid Empire and later against the Islamic expansion led by Arabs. With the rise of Turkish power in Anatolia, Cappadocia slowly became tributary to the Turkish states that were established to the east and to the west, and some of the population converted to Islam. Cappadocia remained part of the Ottoman Empire for the centuries to come, and remains now part of the modern state of Turkey. The area is a famous and popular tourist destination, as it has many areas with unique geological, historic and cultural features. The region is southwest of the major city Kayseri, which has airline and railroad service to Ankara and Istanbul. The Cappadocia region is largely underlain by sedimentary rocks formed in lakes and streams, and ignimbrite deposits erupted from ancient volcanoes approximately 9 to 3 million years ago (late Miocene to Pliocene epochs). The rocks of Cappadocia near Göreme eroded into hundreds of spectacular pillars and minaret-like forms. The volcanic deposits are soft rocks that the people of the villages at the heart of the Cappadocia Region carved out to form houses, churches, monasteries. Göreme became a monastic center between 300-1200 AD. First period settlement in Göreme reaches to the Roman period from Christianity. The Göreme Open Air Museum is the most visited site of the monastic communities in Cappadocia and is one of the most famous sites in central Turkey. It is a complex comprising more than 30 rock-carved churches and chapels containing some superb frescoes, dating from the 9th to the 11th centuries. Ihlara Valley is a 16 km (10 mi) long gorge cut into volcanic rock in the southern part of Cappadocia, following several eruptions of Mount Hasan and Mount Erciyes. Through the valley flows Melendiz Stream. What is unique about this valley is the ancient history of its inhabitants. The whole canyon is honeycombed with rock-cut underground dwellings and churches from the Byzantine period. Due to the richness of the watering possibility and its hidden form and easily to hide structure, it was the first settlement place of the first Christians escaping from the Roman soldiers. In the Ihlara Valley there are hundreds of antic churches caved in the volcanic rocks. The Melendiz River finds its source in the numerous springs of the Mount Melendiz and the adjacent Mount Hasan to its west. These mountains comprise a series of currently inactive volcanoes that, over millions of years, deposited a thick layer (1500 feet) of volcanic lava, ash and mud. This material hardened to form a soft volcanic rock known as tufa which was overlaid with a thinner layer of hard basalt. With the passing of time, the Melendiz River has carved a steep sided gorge on its way toward the marshes of Lake Salt leaving behind expanses of flat, basalt topped plateaus that characterize this region. 22
BEYPAZARI The name Beypazarı means The Bey’s market in Turkish, as in the Ottoman period this was an important military base and the cavalry stationed here were an important element of the local economy. Beypazarı, ancient Lagania, is a town and district of Ankara Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, approximately 100 km west of the city of Ankara. According to 2000 census, population of the town is 34,441. The district covers an area of 1,814 km 2 (700 sq mi), and the average elevation in the center is 675 m (2,215 ft). The district contains three other small towns (Karaşar, Uruş, Kırbaşı) and 64 villages. It used to be an important city in Asia Minor in ancient times. The area has a long history of occupation by Hittites, Phrygians, Ancient Romans, Byzantines, Seljuk Turks and the Ottoman Empire. Town was a stop on the silk trade route connecting Istanbul to Baghdad. Beypazarı today is a small town in a rural district famous for its carrots, (producing nearly 60% of Turkey’s carrots), silverwork (Telkari), and a high quality natural mineral water. The crystal mineral trona, a kind of natural soda used in glass-making is extracted in Beypazarı. With its rich history, architectural heritage and attractive rocky countryside Beypazarı is becoming increasingly attractive to visitors, especially day-trippers from Ankara. The cobbled streets of white Ottoman period buildings are particularly attractive; many of the old houses have been restored as hotels and restaurants (and are also popular with Turkish film directors looking for authentic locations. The visitors of course are bringing valuable income to the town, shopping for silverware and providing good custom for the food markets and restaurants. For many visitors a major attraction is the cuisine, which includes typical Turkish dishes such as the yoghurt drink ayran, tarhana, stuffed vine leaves, home-made sausage mumbar, and a stew cooked in a stone-oven güveç. Sweets include the sweet cream pudding called höşmerim and pastries including a dry buttery biscuit called Beypazarı kurusu, and a renowned 80-layer baklava. They are also very inventive with their carrots, drinking carrot juice and producing carrot-flavored Turkish delight and carrot ice-cream. One of the best-known eateries is the restored Ottoman house, the Taş Mektep restaurant. A popular gift to take back home is the sticky sausage-shaped fruit and walnut sweet sucuk. 23
Page 1 and 2: 5 th International Powder Metallurg
Page 3 and 4: PROGRAM 08 October 2008 09:00-10:30
Page 5 and 6: 08 October 2008 Invited Lecture / H
Page 7 and 8: Session 05 Secondary Operations Tü
Page 9 and 10: Türkiye Paper ID: 117 Hall A 14:50
Page 11 and 12: 10 October 2008 Invited Lecture / H
Page 13 and 14: Türkiye Paper ID: 259 Hall B 11:40
Page 15 and 16: Türkiye Paper ID: 128 Hall B 16:50
Page 17 and 18: Türkiye Paper ID: 151 ARİF UZUN,
Page 20 and 21: ACCOMMODATION FORM (KONAKLAMA İSTE
Page 22 and 23: ANKARA Ankara is the capital of Tur
Page 26: TOBB TOBB UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS A

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