Sunbelt XXXI International Network for Social Network ... - INSNA

Association Of Social Networks, Psychosocial Factors And Physical Activity Of AdolescentsHuang, Sheu‐jenAdolescent Friendship NetworksAdolescents, Network Survey, Gender, Public Health, Social Network Analysis, Behavioral NetworksWED.PM2The main purpose of the study was to explore the relationship of background factors, peer social networks, psychosocial factors, with physical activity of theadolescents. The subjects were 232 first‐ and second‐year junior colleges students in Taiwan with 92.8% response rate. The data were collected with a closeendedquestionnaire. The main findings were as follows：（1）Boys were more Physically active than that the girls. Basketball andjogging were the items engaged most by the boys; walking and ladder‐ climbing were for the girls.（2）The position that the adolescents wereon the social networks could influence their physical activity. The participants in a small group composed of single gender engaged in less physical activity thanthose who were in mixed‐gendered groups and non‐group members. Those who were in an all‐female small group had least amount of physical activity. Theparticipants who were in an active physical activity social networks, perceived higher benefit, higher self‐efficacy, and lower barrier with physical activityengaged in more physical activity.（3）The variable that had significant explanatory powers on physical activity was physical activity‐relatedpeer social networks with other variables controlled. Key Words: adolescent、social networks, psychosocial factor, physical activity, gendercomposition of social networksBalancing Risk And Security: The Density And External Connections Of Insurgent NetworksEverton, Sean F.; Roberts, NancyCriminals, Gangs, Terrorists, and NetworksInter‐organizational Networks, Dense Networks, Insurgencies, External ConnectionsSAT.AM1Social movement scholars have long recognized that in the absence of sufficient resources, insurgent movements are unlikely to mobilize regardless of theintensity of their grievances or their opportunities (perceived or actual) to do so (McAdam 1999; McCarthy and Zald 1977). In a follow‐up to a paper that wepresented at last year’s Sunbelt conference, which focused on organizational ties, this paper examines particular resource we believe is essential to theemergence and mobilization of successful insurgent movements: the regional network that binds these insurgencies together. Specifically, we argue thatinsurgencies are more likely to emerge and sustain their efforts if they are locally dense and regionally connected. We believe that insurgencies are necessarilydense at the local level for two reasons: recruitment occurs primarily through strong ties (Lofland and Stark 1965; Passy 2003; Sageman 2004) and networkdensity encourages loyalty and discouraging defection through the appropriation of solidary incentives (McAdam 1999) and the monitoring of behavior(Granovetter 2005). Thus, we expect them to exhibit higher levels of network density than do non‐insurgent networks (H1). Regional connections are seen asnecessary because they link local insurgencies to distant parts of the social structure (Granovetter 1973), which provides them with access to importantresources such as information, training and external financing. Nevertheless, we believe that too many external connections increases security risks forinsurgencies; thus, we expect the relative number of their external connections to be lower than those of non‐insurgent networks (H2). We test these twohypotheses using a unique social network dataset collected on South East Asian insurgent and non‐insurgent groups from 2004‐2010.